Scientific instruments A–Z

225 published records · page 1 of 2

• 60-inch telescopeTerminology
• Active Seismic ExperimentTerminologyIllustration — Diagram of the ASE
• Advanced Camera for SurveysTerminologyIllustration — The Advanced Camera for Surveys in the clean room at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, prior to its installation on the Hubble Space Telescope
• Advanced Composition ExplorerTerminologySolar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) and Solar Wind Ion Mass Spectrometer (SWIMS)
• Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection RadiometerTerminologyIllustration — ASTER image draped over terrain model of Mount Etna
• Advanced Technology Microwave SounderTerminologyThe Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is a 22-channel scanning microwave radiometer for observation of the Earth's atmosphere and surface. It is the successor to the Adv
• Algonquin 46m radio telescopeTerminologyThe Algonquin 46m radio telescope (ARO) is a radio telescope at the Algonquin Radio Observatory, Canada. This radio telescope is historically famous for taking part in the first su
• Allen Telescope ArrayTerminologyThe Allen Telescope Array (ATA), formerly known as the One Hectare Telescope (1hT), is a radio telescope array dedicated to astronomical observations and a simultaneous search for
• Alpha Magnetic SpectrometerTerminologyThe Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). The experiment is a recognized CERN exper
• AMiBATerminologyThe Yuan-Tseh Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy, also known as the Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA), is a radio telescope designed to observe the cosmi
• analytical engineTerminologyThe analytical engine was a proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by the English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described
• Anglo-Australian TelescopeTerminologyThe Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) is a 3.9-metre equatorially mounted telescope operated by the Australian Astronomical Observatory and situated at the Siding Spring Observatory
• Arcminute Microkelvin ImagerTerminologyThe Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) consists of a pair of interferometric radio telescopes - the Small and Large Arrays - located at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory near
• Arecibo Radio TelescopeTerminologyThe Arecibo Telescope was a spherical reflector radio telescope built into a natural sinkhole at the Arecibo Observatory located near Arecibo, Puerto Rico. A cable-mounted, steerab
• arithmometerTerminologyIllustration — Arithmomètre built by Louis Payen around 1887
• ASTERIATerminologyASTERIA (Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research In Astrophysics) was a miniaturized space telescope technology demonstration and opportunistic science mission to conduct astro
• astrographTerminologyAn astrograph (or astrographic camera) is a telescope designed for the sole purpose of astrophotography. Astrographs are mostly used in wide-field astronomical surveys of the sky a
• astronomical ringsTerminologyAstronomical rings (Latin: annuli astronomici), also known as Gemma's rings, are an early astronomical instrument. The instrument consists of three rings, representing the celestia
• AstrosatTerminologyAstroSat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope. It was launched on a PSLV-XL on 28 September 2015.
• Atacama B-Mode SearchTerminologyThe Atacama B-Mode Search (ABS) was an experiment to test the theory of cosmic inflation and distinguish between inflationary models of the very early universe by making precise me
• Atacama Cosmology TelescopeTerminologyThe Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) was a cosmological millimeter-wave telescope located on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in the north of Chile. ACT made high-sensitivity, arc
• Atacama Large Millimeter ArrayTerminologyThe Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagne
• Australian Square Kilometre Array PathfinderTerminologyThe ASKAP radio telescope is a radio telescope array located in Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in the Mid West region of Western Austr
• BINGOTerminologyBINGO (Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a 40 m transit radio telescope currently under construction that will observe redshifted hydrogen l
• Birmingham Solar Oscillations NetworkTerminologyThe Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) consists of a network of six remote solar observatories monitoring low-degree solar oscillation modes. It is operated by the High
• Bok TelescopeTerminologyThe Bok Telescope (also known as the 90-inch) is the largest telescope operated solely by Steward Observatory. It finds much use from astronomers from the University of Arizona, Ar
• BRITE-AustriaTerminologyTUGSAT-1, also known as BRITE-Austria and CanX-3B, is the first Austrian satellite. It is an optical astronomy spacecraft operated by the Graz University of Technology as part of t
• Broselow Pediatric Emergency TapeTerminologyThe Broselow Tape, also called the Broselow pediatric emergency tape, is a color-coded length-based tape measure that is used throughout the world for pediatric emergencies.
• BTA-6TerminologyThe BTA-6 is a 6 m aperture optical telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory located in the Zelenchuksky District of Karachay-Cherkessia on the north side of the Cauca
• Bubble octantTerminologyIllustration — A MkIXA Bubble sextant
• C. Donald Shane TelescopeTerminologyThe C. Donald Shane telescope is a 120-inch (3.05-meter) reflecting telescope located at the Lick Observatory in Mount Hamilton, California. It was named after astronomer C. Donald
• calculatorTerminologyA calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.
• Caltech Submillimeter ObservatoryTerminologyThe Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) was a 10.4-meter (34 ft) diameter submillimeter wavelength telescope situated alongside the 15-meter (49 ft) James Clerk Maxwell Telesco
• Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping ExperimentTerminologyThe Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is an interferometric radio telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia, Canada which c
• carbon dioxide scrubberTerminologyA carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support
• Casio FX-602P seriesTerminologyThe FX-601P and FX-602P were programmable calculators, manufactured by Casio from 1981. It was the successor model to the Casio FX-502P series and was itself succeeded in 1990 by t
• Casio FX-603PTerminologyThe FX-603P was a programmable calculator, manufactured by Casio from 1990. It was the successor model to the Casio FX-602P. Since it was only released in a limited number of count
• Casio fx-991ESTerminologyCasio V.P.A.M. calculators are scientific calculators made by Casio which use Casio's Visually Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M.), Natural Display or Natural V.P.A.M. input method
• Casio Graph 100TerminologyThe Casio Algebra FX series was a line of graphing calculators manufactured by Japanese electronics company Casio Computer Co., Ltd from 1999 to 2003. They were the successor model
• Casio VL-1TerminologyThe VL-1 was the first instrument of Casio's VL-Tone product line, and is sometimes referred to as the VL-Tone. It combined a calculator, a monophonic synthesizer, and sequencer.
• catalytic converterTerminologyA catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants b
• CfA 1.2 m Millimeter-Wave TelescopeTerminologyStephen S. Hall, Mapping the Next Millennium
• CHARA arrayTerminologyThe CHARA (Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy) array is an optical interferometer, located on Mount Wilson, California. The array consists of six 1 m telescopes operating
• Charged Particle Lunar Environment ExperimentTerminologyIllustration — A close-up view of the CPLEE on the Moon's surface
• chemical oxygen generatorTerminologyA chemical oxygen generator is a device that releases oxygen via a chemical reaction. The oxygen source is usually an inorganic superoxide, chlorate, or perchlorate.
• Cold Cathode Ion Gauge ExperimentTerminologyThe Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment, also known as the Lunar Atmosphere Detector, was a scientific package that flew on board Apollo 12, Apollo 13, Apollo 14, and Apollo 15.
• Columbia University sundialTerminologyIllustration — Spanish playwright Federico García Lorca posing before the sundial as a student in 1929
• compassTerminologyA compass, also commonly known as a pair of compasses, is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for inscribing circles or arcs.
• Compton Gamma Ray ObservatoryTerminologyThe Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000. The observatory featured f
• continuous stirred-tank reactorTerminologyThe continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat- or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model fo
• Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial ReplacementTerminologyIllustration — COSTAR on exhibit at the National Air and Space Museum
• Cosmology Large Angular Scale SurveyorTerminologyThe Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is an array of microwave telescopes which has been observing since 2016 from a high-altitude site in the Atacama Desert of Chile
• Cras plotterTerminologyJean Émile Paul Cras (lang; 22 May 1879 – 14 September 1932) was a 20th-century French composer and career naval officer. His musical compositions were inspired by his native Britt
• CurtaTerminologyThe Curta is a hand-held mechanical calculator designed by Curt Herzstark. It is known for its extremely compact design: a small cylinder that fits in the palm of the hand.
• Degree Angular Scale InterferometerTerminologyThe Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) was a telescope installed at the U.S. National Science Foundation's Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. It was a 13-elem
• Digitized Sky SurveyTerminologyThe Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) is a digitized version of several photographic astronomical surveys of the night sky, produced by the Space Telescope Science Institute
• Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by SatelliteTerminologyDORIS is a French satellite system used for the determination of satellite orbits (e.g. TOPEX/Poseidon) and for positioning.
• Dragon reactorTerminologyDragon was an experimental high temperature gas-cooled reactor in Winfrith in Dorset, England, operated by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). Its purpose was to te
• Dunham Massey Hall sundialTerminologyThe Dunham Massey Hall sundial is a lead sculpture depicting a kneeling Black man holding a sundial on his head. It was created during the early 18th century, and until 2020 stood
• Dunn Solar TelescopeTerminologyThe Dunn Solar Telescope, also known as the Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope, is a unique vertical-axis solar telescope that specializes in high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy.
• Dutch Open TelescopeTerminologyThe Dutch Open Telescope (DOT) is an optical solar telescope located on Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma (near the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope).
• e-MERLINTerminologyThe Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) is an interferometer array of radio telescopes spread across England. The array is run from Jodrell Bank Observatory
• Early Apollo Scientific Experiment PackageTerminologyIllustration — The ALSEP of the Apollo 16 mission
• Effelsberg 100-m Radio TelescopeTerminologyThe Effelsberg 100-metre Radio Telescope is a radio telescope in the Ahr Hills (part of the Eifel) in Bad Münstereifel, Germany. Inaugurated in 1972, for 29 years the Effelsberg Ra
• electrometerTerminologyAn electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference. There are many different types, ranging from historical handmade mecha
• ESO 3.6 m TelescopeTerminologyIllustration — ESO 3.6 m Telescope
• European VLBI NetworkTerminologyThe European VLBI Network (EVN) is a network of radio telescopes located primarily in Europe and Asia, with additional antennas in South Africa and Puerto Rico, which performs very
• Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical TelescopeTerminologyThe Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), nicknamed Tianyan (zh-Hans, lit. "Sky's/Heaven's Eye"), is a radio telescope located in the Dawodang depression (zh-Ha
• fluidized bed reactorTerminologyA fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid)
• free-space optical communicationTerminologyFree-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or comput
• Galilean telescopeTerminologyA refracting telescope (also called a refractor or dioptric telescope) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. The refracting telescope d
• gas generatorTerminologyA gas generator is a device for generating gas. A gas generator may create gas by a chemical reaction or from a solid or liquid source, when storing a pressurized gas is undesirabl
• Genaille–Lucas rulersTerminologyGenaille–Lucas rulers (also known as Genaille's rods) are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille, a French railway engineer, in 1891. The device is a variant of Napier's bon
• Geostationary Carbon Cycle ObservatoryTerminologyGeostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb or GeoCARB) was an intended NASA Venture-class Earth observation mission that was designed to measure the carbon cycle, building off
• Giant Magellan TelescopeTerminologyThe Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is a ground-based, extremely large telescope currently under construction at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile's Atacama Desert.
• Global Ecosystem Dynamics InvestigationTerminologyGlobal Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI, pronounced) is a LiDAR altimeter mission by NASA to measure how deforestation has contributed to atmospheric CO 2 concentrations.
• Goddard High Resolution SpectrographTerminologyIllustration — Space Shuttle Discovery heads into orbit during its 1990 STS-31 mission with the Hubble Space Telescope and its original instrument suite, including the High Resol
• Goldstone Solar System RadarTerminologyThe Goldstone Solar System Radar (GSSR) is a large radar system used for investigating objects in the Solar System, a field called radar astronomy. Located in the desert near Barst
• Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio TelescopeTerminologyThe Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER) is an educational organization located in Apple Valley, California. It operates two charter schools: the Academy for Academic Excel
• Gran Telescopio CanariasTerminologyThe Gran Telescopio Canarias (GranTeCan or GTC) is a 10.4 m reflecting telescope located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands,
• GranatTerminologyThe International Astrophysical Observatory "GRANAT" (usually known as Granat, lit. Pomegranate), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with F
• Great Melbourne TelescopeTerminologyThe Great Melbourne Telescope was built by the Grubb Telescope Company in Dublin, Ireland in 1868, and installed at the Melbourne Observatory in Melbourne, Australia in 1869.
• Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 2162TerminologyThe Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 1900, with an objective lens of 1.25 m in diameter, was the largest refracting telescope ever constructed. It was built as the centerpiece o
• Green Bank InterferometerTerminologyThe Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) is a former radio astronomy telescope located in Green Bank, West Virginia, U.S, and operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
• Greenland TelescopeTerminologyThe Greenland Telescope is a radio telescope situated at the Pituffik Space Base in north-western Greenland. It will later be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located
• Gregorian telescopeTerminologyThe Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hoo
• GUSTOTerminologyIllustration — GUSTO at launch
• Hale TelescopeTerminologyThe Hale Telescope is a 200 in, 3.3 reflecting telescope at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, US, named after astronomer George Ellery Hale.
• Heat Flow ExperimentTerminologyThe Heat Flow Experiment was a United States NASA lunar science experiment that aimed to measure the rate of heat loss from the surface of the Moon. Four experiments were carried o
• hemi engineTerminologyA hemispherical combustion chamber is a combustion chamber in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a domed "hemispheric" shape. An engine featuring this type of
• Holmdel Horn AntennaTerminologyThe Holmdel Horn Antenna is a large microwave horn antenna that was used as a satellite communication antenna and radio telescope during the 1960s at the Bell Telephone Laboratorie
• HP 9800 seriesTerminologyThe HP 9800 is a family of what were initially called programmable calculators and later desktop computers that were made by Hewlett-Packard, replacing their first calculator, the
• HP-19BTerminologyHP-19B, introduced on 4 January 1988, along with the HP-17B, HP-27S and the HP-28S, and replaced by the HP-19BII (F1639A) in January 1990, was a simplified Hewlett Packard business
• HP-35TerminologyThe HP-35 was Hewlett-Packard's first pocket calculator and the world's first scientific pocket calculator: a calculator with trigonometric and exponential functions. It was introd
• HP-41CTerminologyThe HP-41C series are programmable, expandable, continuous-memory handheld RPN calculators made by Hewlett-Packard from 1979 to 1990. The original model, HP-41C, was the first of i
• HP-55TerminologyThe HP-55 was a programmable handheld calculator, a lower-cost alternative to the HP-65. Introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1975, it featured twenty storage registers and room for 49
• HP-65TerminologyThe HP-65 is the first handheld programmable calculator, and it included a magnetic card read/write system for program storage. Introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1974 at an MSRP of
• HP-67TerminologyThe HP-67 is a magnetic card-programmable handheld calculator, introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 1976 at an MSRP of $450. A desktop version with built-in thermal printer was sold as
• IBM 6400 SeriesTerminologyIllustration — IBM 6400
• Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov TelescopeTerminologyAn imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (or technique), also known by the acronym IACT, is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma ray photons in the photon energy
• Imaging X-ray Polarimetry ExplorerTerminologyImaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, commonly known as IXPE or SMEX-14, is a space observatory with three identical telescopes designed to measure the polarization of cosmic X-rays
• Infrared Atmospheric Sounding InterferometerTerminologyThe infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) is a Fourier transform spectrometer based on the Michelson interferometer, associated with an integrated imaging system (IIS
• infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometerTerminologyAn infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometer (IRIS) is a scientific instrument of the Voyager space probes which enables the measurement of three distinct properties.
• infrared telescopeTerminologyAn infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectru
• integral field spectrographTerminologyIntegral field spectrographs (IFS) combine spectrographic and imaging capabilities in the optical or infrared wavelength domains (0.32 μm – 24 μm) to get from a single exposure spa
• IntegraphTerminologyAn Integraph is a mechanical analog computing device for plotting the integral of a graphically defined function.
• Interface Region Imaging SpectrographTerminologyInterface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), also called Explorer 94 and SMEX-12, is a NASA solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the Small Explorer program
• IRAM 30-meter telescopeTerminologyThe IRAM 30m telescope is a radio telescope, located in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Spain. It is operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy in the Millimetre Range (IRAM)
• Isaac Newton TelescopeTerminologyThe Isaac Newton Telescope or INT is a 2.54 m (100 in) optical telescope run by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma in the Canary
• Jacobus Kapteyn TelescopeTerminologyThe Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope or JKT is a 1-metre optical telescope named for the Dutch astronomer Jacobus Kapteyn (1851–1922) of the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes at the Roque
• James Clerk Maxwell TelescopeTerminologyThe James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is a submillimetre-wavelength radio telescope in Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, US. The telescope is near the summit of Mauna Kea at 13,4
• James Lick telescopeTerminologyIllustration — The James Lick Telescope, shown here in an 1889 drawing
• Jicamarca Radio ObservatoryTerminologyThe Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) is the equatorial anchor of the Western Hemisphere chain of Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observatories extending from Lima, Peru to Søndre S
• KCalcTerminology
• Kraus-typeTerminologyThe Kraus-type radio telescope design was created by Dr. John D. Kraus (1910–2004).
• LAMOSTTerminologyThe Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), also known as the Guo Shoujing Telescope (Chinese: 郭守敬望远镜) after the 13th-century Chinese astronomer, is a m
• laser communication in spaceTerminologyLaser communication in space is the use of free-space optical communication in outer space. Communication may be fully in space (an inter-satellite laser link) or in a ground-to-sa
• Location arithmeticTerminologyLocation arithmetic (Latin arithmetica localis) is the additive (non-positional) binary numeral systems, which John Napier explored as a computation technique in his treatise Rabdo
• LOFARTerminologyThe Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) is a large radio telescope, with an antenna network located mainly in the Netherlands, and spreading across 7 other European countries as of 2019.
• Lovell TelescopeTerminologyThe Lovell Telescope is a radio telescope in Jodrell Bank Observatory, near Goostrey, Cheshire, in the north-west of England. Completed in 1957, the telescope was the largest s
• Maksutov telescopeTerminologyThe Maksutov (also called a "Mak") is a catadioptric telescope design that combines a spherical mirror with a weakly negative meniscus lens in a design that takes advantage of all
• Mars Climate SounderTerminologyThe Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a spacecraft designed to search for the existence of water on Mars and provide support for missions to Mars, as part of NASA's Mars Explora
• Mars Color ImagerTerminologyIllustration — Mars Color Imager on the right side
• Meade ETX telescopeTerminologyThe ETX ("Everybody's Telescope") is a line of smaller aperture telescopes (60mm to 125mm) made by Meade Instruments.
• medical calculatorTerminologyA medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface
• MeerKATTerminologyMeerKAT, originally the Karoo Array Telescope, is a radio telescope consisting of 64 antennas in the Meerkat National Park, in the Northern Cape of South Africa. In 2003, South Afr
• Merate Astronomical ObservatoryTerminologyMerate Astronomical Observatory is an old observatory in Merate (Lecco), Italy. It has housed a 1-meter Zeiss telescope since 1926.
• Mercator TelescopeTerminologyThe Mercator Telescope is a 1.2 m telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos on La Palma. It is operated by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven University), Be
• meridian circleTerminologyThe meridian circle is an instrument for timing of the passage of stars across the local meridian, an event known as a culmination, while at the same time measuring their angular d
• meterstickTerminologyA metre-stick, metrestick (or meter-stick and meterstick as alternative spellings); or yardstick is either a straightedge or foldable ruler used to measure length, and is especiall
• Microvariability and Oscillations of StarsTerminologyThe Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars/Microvariabilité et Oscillations STellaire (MOST), was Canada's first space telescope. Up until nearly 10 years after its launch it w
• Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity ArrayTerminologyIllustration — A diagram of one of the project's enclosures with two telescopes
• Mobile Anisotropy TelescopeTerminologyThe Mobile Anisotropy Telescope (MAT), also known as the Mobile Anisotropy Telescope on Cerro Toco (MAT/TOCO or TOCO) was a ground-based radio telescope experiment to measure the a
• Multispectral ScannerTerminologyIllustration — MSS diagram
• Murchison Widefield ArrayTerminologyThe Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a joint project between an international consortium of organisations to construct and operate a low-frequency radio array.
• Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object SpectrometerTerminologyThe Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) is a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), operating from 199
• Neutron Star Interior Composition ExplorerTerminologyThe Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) is a NASA telescope on the International Space Station, designed and dedicated to the study of the extraordinary gravitationa
• Nicholas U. Mayall TelescopeTerminologyThe Nicholas U. Mayall Telescope, also known as the Mayall 4-meter Telescope, is a four-meter (158 inches) reflector telescope located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Ariz
• nocturnalTerminologyA nocturnal is an instrument used to determine the local time based on the position of a star in the night sky relative to the pole star.
• Northern Extended Millimeter ArrayTerminologyThe Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) is one of the largest astronomical facilities on European ground and the most powerful radio telescope in the Northern Hemisphere ope
• Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ArrayTerminologyNuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, also named Explorer 93 and SMEX-11) is a NASA space-based X-ray telescope that uses a conical approximation to a Wolter telescope to
• octantTerminologyThe octant, also called a reflecting quadrant, is a reflecting instrument used in navigation.
• Olivetti Programma 101Terminology
• Optical Payload for Lasercomm ScienceTerminologyOptical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) is a spacecraft communication instrument developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that was tested on the International Space Station
• Orbiting Astronomical ObservatoryTerminologyThe Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) satellites were a series of four American space observatories launched by NASA between 1966 and 1972, managed by NASA Chief of Astronomy
• Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3TerminologyThe Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) is a NASA-JPL instrument designed to measure carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. The instrument is mounted on the Japanese Experiment Mo
• OVRO 40 meter TelescopeTerminologyThe OVRO 40 meter Telescope is a radio telescope at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory near Big Pine, California, US. It is owned and operated by Caltech. The telescope is easily v
• packed bedTerminologyIn chemical processing, a packed bed is a hollow tube, pipe, or other vessel that is filled with a packing material. The packed bed can be randomly filled with small objects like R
• Pan-STARRS1TerminologyIllustration — For four years beginning in May 2010, the Pan-STARRS observatory surveyed the entire three-quarters of the sky visible from Hawaii many times in many colors of lig
• PancamTerminologyIllustration — 753, 535, and 432 nanometers light wavelengths (e.g. approximately true color) of Solander point as seen overlooking Botany bay.
• Pascal's calculatorTerminologyThe Pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by
• plug flow reactor modelTerminologyThe plug flow reactor model (PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing s
• POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the SunTerminologyThe POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun (POEMAS) is a solar patrol system composed of two radio telescopes with superheterodyne circular polarization receivers
• Porter Garden TelescopeTerminologyIllustration — Patent US1468973 of The Porter Garden Telescope (reflector version) by Russell W. Porter
• Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of ReionizationTerminologyThe Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) is a radio interferometer funded by the National Science Foundation to detect 21 cm hydrogen (HI)
• programmable calculatorTerminologyProgrammable calculators are calculators that can automatically carry out a sequence of operations under the control of a stored program. Most are Turing complete, and, as such, ar
• protractorTerminologyA goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία
• QUIJOTE ExperimentTerminologyThe QUIJOTE CMB Experiment is an ongoing experiment started in November 2012, and led by Rafael Rebolo López, with the goal of characterizing the polarization of the cosmic microwa
• Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface ExperimentTerminologyThe Radar Imager for Mars' subsurface experiment (RIMFAX) is a ground-penetrating radar on NASA's Perseverance rover, part of the Mars 2020 mission. It uses radar waves to see geol
• radio telescopeTerminologyA radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to detect radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky. Radio telescopes are the main observing instrum
• refracting telescopeTerminologyA refracting telescope (also called a refractor or dioptric telescope) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. The refracting telescope d
• Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic ImagerTerminologyReuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI, originally High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager or HESSI or Explorer 81) was a NASA solar flare observatory. It was
• Ritchey–Chrétien telescopeTerminologyA Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (RCT or simply RC) is a specialized variant of the Cassegrain telescope that has a hyperbolic primary mirror and a hyperbolic secondary mirror designed
• RONJATerminologyIllustration — Single high-brightness LED with a cheap loupe lens creates a bright narrow beam that can stream DVD-quality video over neighbourhoods. The red beam is invisible wh
• ROSATTerminologyROSAT (short for Röntgensatellit; in German X-rays are called Röntgenstrahlen, in honour of Wilhelm Röntgen) was a German Aerospace Center-led satellite X-ray telescope, with instr
• rotary vacuum-drum filterTerminologyA Rotary Vacuum Filter Drum consists of a cylindrical filter membrane that is partly sub-merged in a slurry to be filtered. The inside of the drum is held lower than the ambient pr
• Samuel Oschin telescopeTerminologyThe Samuel Oschin telescope, also called the Oschin Schmidt, is a 48 in Schmidt camera at the Palomar Observatory in northern San Diego County, California, United States.
• SARALTerminologyDoppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS)
• Sardinia Radio TelescopeTerminologyThe Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) is 64-metre fully steerable radio telescope near San Basilio, Province of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. Completed in 2011, it is a collaboration bet
• Schwarzschild telescopeTerminologyThe Schwarzschild telescope is a reflecting telescope with two aspherical concave mirrors. It was developed by Karl Schwarzschild and named after him.
• scientific calculatorTerminologyA scientific calculator is an electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform calculations using basic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and
• Sharp EL-8TerminologyThe Sharp EL-8, also known as the ELSI-8, was one of the earliest mass-produced hand-held electronic calculators and the first hand-held calculator to be made by Sharp Corporation.
• Sharp QT-8DTerminologyThe Sharp QT-8D Micro Compet is a small electronic desktop calculator marketed by Sharp Corporation. It was the first mass-produced calculator to have its logic circuitry entirely
• Siding Spring 2.3 m TelescopeTerminologyThe ANU 2.3 metre telescope is an optical telescope situated in Siding Spring Observatory, and operated by the Australian National University's Research School of Astronomy and Ast
• Simons ObservatoryTerminologyThe Simons Observatory is located in the high Atacama Desert in Northern Chile inside the Chajnator Science Preserve, at an altitude of 5,200 meters (17,000 ft). The Atacama Cosmol
• Sinclair OxfordTerminologySinclair Oxford was a range of low-cost scientific calculators manufactured and sold by Sinclair Radionics in England from 1975 until 1976.
• SkyMapperTerminologySkyMapper is a fully automated 1.35 m (4.4 ft) wide-angle optical telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in northern New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the telescopes of the
• slide ruleTerminologyA slide rule is a hand-operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable rulers for conducting mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, exponents, roots, logar
• Small Astronomy Satellite 2TerminologyThe Small Astronomy Satellite 2, also known as SAS-2, SAS B or Explorer 48, was a NASA gamma ray telescope. It was launched on 15 November 1972 into the low Earth orbit with a peri
• software calculatorTerminologyA software calculator is a calculator that has been implemented as a computer program, rather than as a physical hardware device.
• Solar Radiation and Climate ExperimentTerminologyThe Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) was a 2003–2020 NASA-sponsored satellite mission that measured incoming X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and total sol
• Solar Wind SpectrometerTerminologyThe Solar Wind Spectrometer was a scientific package that flew on the Apollo 12 and Apollo 15 missions to the surface of the Moon. The goal was to characterise the solar wind near
• South Pole TelescopeTerminologyThe South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 m diameter telescope located at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. The telescope is designed for observations in the microwav
• Southern Astrophysical Research TelescopeTerminologyThe Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope is a modern 4.1 m optical and near-infrared telescope located on Cerro Pachón, Chile, at 2,738 m elevation. It was commissioned
• space telescopeTerminologyA space telescope (also known as space observatory) is a telescope in outer space used to observe astronomical objects. Suggested by Lyman Spitzer in 1946, the first operational te
• Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet ResearchTerminologyIllustration — SPHERE (black container and silver cylinder) attached to the telescope from the adjunct platform
• Spitzer Space TelescopeTerminologyThe Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), was an infrared space telescope that was active between 2003 and 2020. Spitzer was the third sp
• STARS-AOTerminologyStars-AO also known as Aoi is an experimental cubesat with a small camera packaged. It uses amateur radio frequencies to communicate with the ground.
• stroboscopeTerminologyA stroboscope, also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary. It consists of either a rotating disk with
• Subaru TelescopeTerminologySubaru Telescope is the 8.2 m telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, located at the Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii. It is named after the open star cluster k
• Sundial, TaganrogTerminologyThe Sundial in Taganrog was set in 1833. It is situated in Grecheskaya Street, close to the Depaldo Stairs.
• Super-LOTISTerminologyThe Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System, or LOTIS,
• Suprathermal Ion Detector ExperimentTerminologyThe Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) was a lunar science experiment, first deployed by astronauts on the lunar surface in 1969 as part of Apollo 12, and later flying on
• Swedish Solar TelescopeTerminologyThe Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), also known as the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope, is a refracting solar telescope in Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma in the Canary
• Swirl burnerTerminologyA swirl burner, or vortex burner, is a type of burner that swirls the air, fuel, or both inside to increase mixing between the two. This process enables flame stabilization and can
• synthetic aperture radarTerminologyIllustration — This radar image acquired by the SIR-C/X-SAR radar on board the Space Shuttle Endeavour shows the Teide volcano. The city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
• tape measureTerminologyA tape measure or measuring tape is a long, flexible ruler used to measure length or distance. It usually consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibreglass, or metal (usually - ha
• taximeterTerminologyA taximeter or fare meter is a mechanical or electronic device installed in taxicabs and auto rickshaws that calculates passenger fares based on a combination of distance travelled
• telescopeTerminologyA telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using le
• Territorial SundialTerminologyThe Territorial Sundial by John William Elliot is installed on the Washington State Capitol campus in Olympia, Washington, United States. Dedicated on January 23, 1959, the sundial