Robert L. Forward

Forward studied at University of Maryland. Training under Joseph Weber is recorded. The recorded working language is English. The field of work recorded is physicist. Employment is recorded with Hughes Aircraft Company. Distinctions recorded are Locus Award for Best First Novel.

• Name — Robert L. Forward • Born — 15 August 1932 • Birthplace — Geneva, New York, U.S. • Died — 21 September 2002 • Place of death — Seattle, Washington, U.S. • Spouse — Martha Dodson (1954–2002; his death) • Fields — Physicist • Workplaces — Hughes Aircraft Tethers Unlimited, Inc. • Education — University of Maryland UCLA • Thesis Title — Detectors for Dynamic Gravitational Fields • Thesis Year — 1965 • Doctoral Advisor — Joseph Weber David Mandeen Zipoy • Known for — Statite • Children — Robert Dodson Forward Mary Lois Mattlin Julie Elizabeth Fuller Eve Laurel Forward

Forward earned his doctorate from the University of Maryland in 1965, with a thesis entitled Detectors for Dynamic Gravitational Fields, for the development of a bar antenna for the detection of gravitational radiation.

He then went to work at the research labs of Hughes Aircraft, where he continued his research on gravity measurement and received 18 patents. He took early retirement in 1987, to focus on his fiction writing and consulting for such clients as NASA and the U.S. Air Force. In 1994, he co-founded the company Tethers Unlimited, Inc. with Robert P. Hoyt, where he served as chief scientist and chairman until 2002. Much of his research focused on the leading edges of speculative physics but was always grounded in what he believed humans could accomplish. He worked on such projects as space tethers and space fountains, solar sails (including Starwisp), antimatter propulsion, and other spacecraft propulsion technologies, and did further research on more esoteric possibilities such as time travel and negative matter. He was issued a patent for the statite, and contributed to a concept to drain the Van Allen Belts.

Forward's extensive work in the field of gravitational wave detection included the invention of the rotating cruciform gravity gradiometer or 'Forward Mass Detector', for Lunar Mascon (mass concentration) measurements. The gravity gradiometer is described in the well-known textbook Gravitation by Misner, Thorne & Wheeler. The principle behind it is quite simple; getting the implementation right is tricky. Essentially, two beams are crossed over and connected with an axle through their crossing point. They are held at right angles to each other by springs. They have heavy masses at the ends of the beams, and the whole assembly spun around the common axle at high speed. The angle between the beams is measured continuously, and if it varies with a period half that of the rotation period, it means that the detector is experiencing a measurable gravitational field gradient.

In 1984, Forward published his theoretical design for a "Casimir battery", utilizing the electromagnetic Zero-point energy and the attractive force associated. The Casimir force would pull the plates together, if the plates were charged with same polarity and the electrostatic force applied to the plates is adjusted. The Casimir force will pull the plates together increasing the electric field between each plate and producing a voltage. The battery could be "recharged" by increasing the electrostatic force, pushing the plates apart.

In addition to more than 200 papers and articles, he published 11 novels. Critics' reviews were mixed, always praising the science concepts and the aliens he created, but often finding the plots thin and the humans shallow. His treatment of hard-science topics in fictional form is highly reminiscent of the work of Hal Clement. He described his first novel, Dragon's Egg, as "a textbook on neutron star physics disguised as a novel." His novel Rocheworld describes a double-planet system with a single shared atmosphere and ocean, and a beam-powered propulsion interstellar space ship to get there. Forward co-authored two Rocheworld novels with his wife, Martha Dodson Forward, and two additional Rocheworld novels with his second daughter, Julie Fuller. Forward also helped Larry Niven calculate the parameters of the Smoke Ring for his novel The Integral Trees. Much of his scientific research in speculative physics serves as inspiration for science fiction, many of his ideas on Zero-point energy, Interstellar travel and propulsion can be found in contemporary and modern scientific fiction.

Forward's son, Bob Forward, has led a successful career as a storyboard artist and writer in television animation, including in He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, The Legend of Zelda, and most famously, Beast Wars. He is also the author of two novels, The Owl and The Owl 2: Scarlet Serenade. Forward's daughter, Eve Forward, is also a writer, known for her two novels Villains by Necessity and Animist.

In 2001, Forward received a diagnosis of terminal cancer. He died on September 21, 2002.

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• Dragon's Egg (1980) • Starquake (1985) Both collected in an omnibus edition Dragon's Egg & Starquake (1994)

• 1. Rocheworld (Baen, 1990) 155,000 words, originally published in these iterations: • Rocheworld (1981) original manuscript, 150,000 words • Rocheworld (Analog, 1982) 60,000 words • The Flight of the Dragonfly (Timescape, 1984) hardcover, ~100,000 words • The Flight of the Dragonfly (Baen, 1985) paperback, 110,000 words • 2. Return to Rocheworld (1993) with Julie Forward Fuller • 3. Marooned on Eden (1993) with Martha Dodson Forward • 4. Ocean Under the Ice (1994) with Martha Dodson Forward • 5. Rescued from Paradise (1995) with Julie Forward Fuller

• Martian Rainbow (1991) • Timemaster (1992) • Camelot 30K (1993) • Saturn Rukh (1997)

• Mirror Matter: Pioneering Antimatter Physics (1988) with Joel Davis • Future Magic (1988) This book discusses possible future applications of Skyhooks and orbital rings amongst other technologies, including a plan by Hughes Aircraft for a potential flying saucer. Forward also wrote many articles in scientific journals and filed many patents, mainly while working for Hughes Aircraft.

• Since 1987, Robert L. Forward's papers (60 linear feet) have been housed at the Special Collections & Archives, University of California, Riverside Libraries. • *