Joaquim Ruyra

• Name — Joaquim Ruyra i Oms • Born — 27 October 1858 • Birthplace — Girona, Catalonia • Died — 15 May 1939 • Place of death — Barcelona, Catalonia • Occupation — Writer, poet • Notable Works — Marines i boscatges, Pinya de rosa, La parada Joaquim Ruyra i Oms (Catalan pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Catalan|[ʒuəˈkim ruˈi.ɾə]]]; 27 September 1858 – 15 May 1939) was a Catalan short-story writer, poet and translator, considered a key figure in modern Catalan literature and one of the great narrators of the 20th century. Besides his literary work, he was also aware of linguistics and participed in the First International Congress of Catalan Language (1906). In 1918, he entered the Philological Section of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, the academic institution responsible for standardizing the Catalan language, where he collaborated with Pompeu Fabra and others in the making of a unified linguistic system.

Descending from rural owners and lawyers, he studied law in the University of Barcelona between 1875 and 1881, but never practised to dedicate himself completely to literature. Ruyra spent most of his childhood and youth between Girona and the coastal town of Blanes, in the comarca (county) of la Selva, where he settled after marrying Teresa de Llinàs in 1889, although the couple also had a residence in Barcelona and Arenys de Mar. • Illustration — The Costa Brava landscape was a major influence in Ruyra's literary work. Blanes became the main location of his works and there he came into contact with the local dialect (salat) and the genuine spoken language of fishermen and peasants, that afterwards he incorporated into his writings. In an interview with Tomàs Garcés in 1926, Ruyra said: Blanes is my history, my homeland, the place for which I have greatest affection. I have lived there almost all my life. I got married there, my parents died there. It is only fair, then, that almost all my memories are of Blanes. In the summer of 1928, the cork oak forests of his propierty in the Gavarres massif were devastated by a large wildfire. This episode, that affected the wood-and-sea landscape that inspired his major writings, eventually marked the end of his literary career. During the Spanish Civil War he was first dispossessed of his patrimony and later honoured on his 80th birthday with an official ceremony organized by the Institució de les Lletres Catalanes. He died discreetly in May 1939, in the midst of the war, and was buried in the Blanes municipal cemetery.

• Illustration — First edition of Marines i boscatges (1903). Although in his youth he started writing in Spanish, seen at that time as the language for cultural purposes, he soon swifted to his mother tongue influenced by major poet Jacint Verdaguer —whom he met personally— and participated in the literary life of Barcelona, Blanes, Girona and Olot, becoming winner of many Floral Games contests (Jocs florals) in the 1890s–1900s and collaborating in several Catalanist magazines and newspapers (La Renaixença, La Veu de Catalunya, Joventut and others). Ruyra cultivated many different genres such as narrative, poetry, drama, essay and literary criticism, but he is best known by the short stories included in the volumes Marines i boscatges (Seascapes and Woodland Scenes, 1903), which was some years later extended and republished as Pinya de rosa (The End Knot, 1920), and also La parada (The Trap, 1919). The third volume was Entre flames (Among Flames, 1928), dedicated to those affected by the forest fires in Gavarres, and next year appeared in the press the philosophical narration Sociòlegs d'ultratomba (After-death Sociologists, 1929). Some of these stories have been translated to Spanish, English, French, German and Italian and have been compared with writings by Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad, Edgar Allan Poe, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Ernest Hemingway. Ruyra wrote three chapters of an unfinished novel (La gent del mas Aulet, 1904), the short novel Les coses benignes (The Benign Things, 1925) and two poetry anthologies, Fulles ventisses (Windy Leaves, 1919) and La cobla (The Cobla, 1931). Moreover, he also translated French writers like Erckmann-Chatrian, Racine, Molière and Eugène Scribe into Catalan.