Jean Sennep

• Name — Jean Sennep • Other Names — J. Sennep, Jean Sennep, Jehan Sennep, Jean-Jacques Charles Sennep • Birth Name — Jean-Jacques Charles Pennès • Born — 3 June 1894 • Birthplace — Paris V e • Died — 9 July 1982 • Place of death — Saint-Germain-en-Laye • Occupation — Caricaturist • Employer — Le Figaro

Mobilized during the First World War, he emerged deeply scarred by trench warfare and retained a profound aversion to Germany. After the war, he worked for a time as an office employee at the Gas Company, then became a journalist at Le Matin and began his career as a caricaturist at Le Rire. In the 1920s he joined the daily newspaper Action française, where he illustrated several anti-Republican pamphlets by Léon Daudet. His work was nevertheless scorned by Charles Maurras, who decided to relegate his cartoons to the last page. He gradually distanced himself from Action française, which he left permanently in 1926. Beginning in 1924, he became particularly active against the Cartel des gauches government and multiplied his collaborations (La Liberté, L'Écho de Paris, and Candide). The caricatures he drew of left-wing political figures during this period became especially well known: "Aristide Briand is depicted as a senile and stubborn old man who betrays France; Édouard Herriot, whose corpulence is exaggerated to the extreme, becomes vain to the point of megalomania; Léon Blum is portrayed as an austere figure, so frail and indecisive that the artist frequently depicts him as a woman." In June 1926, he became editor of Le Charivari, a position he held for one year. A virulent anti-communist and fierce opponent of the Popular Front, Sennep was nevertheless hostile to Nazi Germany and expressed skepticism regarding the Munich Agreements. Likewise, when the left-wing cartoonist Cabrol was attacked by Hitler because of a caricature published in a Luxembourg newspaper, Sennep supported his fellow cartoonist. His deeply anti-German feelings led him to reject both the Collaboration and the Vichy regime, even though many of his former colleagues supported them. He nevertheless continued to publish in Candide, a Pétainist newspaper, while secretly drawing anti-Vichy caricatures that were published after the Liberation. Immediately after the war, in the context of attempts at national reconciliation, an album of caricatures entitled History of France, 1918–1938 was published, presenting in equal measure the viewpoints of Sennep, the best-known right-wing caricaturist, and H. P. Gassier, the celebrated communist caricaturist. Following the Liberation, he briefly contributed to Le Canard enchaîné and also worked for the weekly Action. Until his retirement in 1967, he served as the principal editorial cartoonist for Le Figaro. For several years, and at least until the end of the 1970s, the weekly magazine Point de Vue – Images du Monde published one of Sennep's caricatures in every issue. His caricature style was highly academic: refined, with elegant linework, and characterized by extreme exaggeration of his subjects' physical features. Overweight figures became enormous, thin figures almost skeletal, and his subjects—most often politicians—were frequently given deformities alluding to their office or to current events affecting them. For example, he transformed Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber into a nuclear mushroom cloud to mock his campaign against French nuclear weapons testing in the 1970s. He influenced many caricaturists, notably Jean Effel and Jacques Faizant. He is also mentioned in the 221st of the 480 recollections listed by Georges Perec in Je me souviens.

He was the brother of General Roger Jean Eugène Pennès (1883–1975).