Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz

Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz studied at Académie Julian. Training under Tony Robert-Fleury, William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Michał Elwiro Andriolli is recorded. The recorded working language is Polish. The field of work recorded is portrait painting. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are portrait. Places of work recorded in the authority are Warsaw. Employment is recorded with Académie Julian. Works named in the authority record are Black Woman. Work by Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz is recorded in the collections of National Museum in Warsaw, National Museum in Kraków, National Museum in Wrocław, Podlaskie Museum in Białystok and Sukiennice Museum. Distinctions recorded are Knight of the Legion of Honour.

She was born 1854 in Zlatopol (formerly a frontier town of the Russian Empire, today a part of Novomyrhorod, Ukraine) as Anna Bilińska, and spent her childhood there with her father, a Polish physician. Of her background, she joked that she "ha[d] a Cossack's temperament, but a Polish heart" (Polish: ma temperament kozaczy, ale serce polskie). The family then moved to Central Russia, where Anna's first art teachers were Ignacy Jasiński and Michał Elwiro Andriolli, both deported by the Tsarist government to Vyatka for their part in the January Uprising of 1863–1864. In 1875, Bilińska's mother moved the family to Warsaw, enrolling her of-age children in the conservatoire. Anna was a talented pianist, an activity considered a suitable achievement for a woman of her class and time. But painting, a more suspect pursuit, would become her preference. In 1877, she became a student of the painter Wojciech Gerson and began to exhibit her work at Warsaw's Zachęta Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts (Polish: Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych). Against her parents' wishes, she hired her own studio at 2 Nowy Świat Street, selling her paintings and paying the studio's rent from her own funds.

In early 1882, she accompanied her chronically ill friend Klementyna Krassowska on a journey to Munich, Salzburg, Vienna and northern Italy, before traveling to and settling in Paris, where she studied along with Marie Bashkirtseff and English artist Emmeline Deane at the Académie Julian, and where later she also taught. In 1884, her father, Jan Biliński, and Krassowska died, leaving her emotionally devastated. However, her future was financially secured in Krassowska's last will and she was taken care of by fellow painter Maria Gażycz who lived in Normandy. In 1889, she presented her Self-Portrait at the Exposition Universelle in Paris for which she was awarded a silver medal and was granted the right to exhibit her works out of competition during future editions of the event. This proved to be her first major international success. In 1889, her works were exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art in London. In 1891, they were displayed at an annual international exhibition in Berlin where she was awarded a gold medal. She lived in France until 1892, when she married Antoni Bohdanowicz, a doctor of medicine, and took his name. After their marriage, they returned to Warsaw, where she intended to open a Parisian-style art school for women, but fell ill with a heart condition and died a year later on 8 April 1893. She was interred at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery.

Anna Bilińska is best known for her portraits, especially those featuring women, painted with great intuition. Her Self-Portrait with Apron and Brushes (1887) developed a new self-portrait pose by placing the artist in front of a model's backdrop, thus stating that she is her own model. Her portrait titled By the Window (1890), painted using the pastel technique, was regarded by 19th-century critics as Bilińska's most modern painting considering its subject matter, framing, and the use of light. It depicts a young girl leaning out of a window towards a sunlit garden and was probably painted during the artist's summer holiday spent in the fishing village of Boyardville. Among her notable male portraits is the portrait of American sculptor George Grey Barnard painted in 1890 at the request of Alfred Corning Clark. She also painted still lifes, genre scenes, and landscapes using oil, watercolors, and sometimes pastels. Two of Bilińska's paintings went missing after World War II: A Negress (1884) and The Italian Woman (1880). The former was rediscovered at an auction in Germany in 2011 and successfully reclaimed in 2012 thanks to the efforts of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of Poland. It is currently displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw. Her paintings can be found in the National Museum in Warsaw, National Museum in Wrocław, National Museum in Kraków, Victoria Art Gallery in Bath, Musée d'art moderne in Saint-Étienne, Lviv National Art Gallery, Gothenburg Museum of Art, State Museum of Pennsylvania, and the Berlin Musical Instrument Museum, as well as in private collections.

Artystka, Anna Bilińska 1854–1893; (26 Jun – 10 Oct 2021) National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. Solo retrospective. Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900; (22 Oct 2017 – 15 Jan 2018) Denver Art Museum, Colorado (17 Feb – 13 May 2018); Speed Art Museum in Louisville, Kentucky; and (9 Jun – 3 Sep 2018) at the Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA.