Sapin style
Illustration — The Villa Fallet, a style sapin chalet by the young Le Corbusier (1905) The style sapin (the French "sapin" means fir tree, but better translates to "conifer style") is a variation of Art Nouveau created in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, by the Swiss artist Charles L'Eplattenier (1874–1946), a professor of the school of art and design in that town. The basic principle taught by L'Eplattenier was that art should be inspired by nature, in this case by the conifers, in particular fir trees, that covered the Jura Mountains around the town. L'Eplattenier began teaching the higher course of art and decoration at the regional School of Art in 1905, where his students included Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, the future Le Corbusier.
Sapin style

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Illustration — The Villa Fallet, a style sapin chalet by the young Le Corbusier (1905) The style sapin (the French "sapin" means fir tree, but better translates to "conifer style") is a variation of Art Nouveau created in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, by the Swiss artist Charles L'Eplattenier (1874–1946), a professor of the school of art and design in that town. The basic principle taught by L'Eplattenier was that art should be inspired by nature, in this case by the conifers, in particular fir trees, that covered the Jura Mountains around the town. L'Eplattenier began teaching the higher course of art and decoration at the regional School of Art in 1905, where his students included Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, the future Le Corbusier.
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The crematorium
He declared that "nature is the sole inspiration" and urged his students to study the regional plants, flowers and wildlife. In his official report to the school administration, he wrote, "the base of our studies or ornament remains always the fir/coniferous tree. This tree, at its different ages, studied in its different ages, in its totality, or in detail, offers an inexhaustible resource of decoration.. The great silver chardon, the gentienes, as well as our Jurassian wildlife, add a considerable richness." The most famous production of the school was a chalet, the Villa Fallet, designed in 1906 by the eighteen-year-old Jeanneret, which included a frieze with a fir tree motif over the front door. The students produced a variety of other decorative objects. A collection of one hundred eight decorative works designed by the students was presented at an international exposition in Milan in 1906, which earned the school an honorable mention. The artist Henriette Grandjean, a student in the upper course, also made numerous objects in the style sapin, which are now in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.
The crematorium of La Chaux-de-Fonds (1909–1910) is the most comprehensive example of the style. It was designed by Charles L'Eplattenier, using the triangular motif of the fir tree and fir cone emblems in the facade sculpture and interior decor. The symbolist murals by L'Eplattenier were added later. The crematorium facade and interior is decorated with stylized conifer cone sculpture, and the ceiling has a highly stylized coniferous tree and flame motif. • Illustration — Crematorium interior, (1908–1910) with symbolist murals by Charles l'Eplattenier (1912) • Illustration — Fir tree and flame motif on the ceiling of the Crematorium • Illustration — Crematorium (1908–10), fir cone sculpted detail • Illustration — Crematorium (1908–10), coniferous cone sculpted detail
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- 1.Magische Tannen. 2006-06-28. 0376-6829.
- 2.www.artnouveau-net.eu. 2019-08-26.
- 3.Jeanneret, Jean-Daniel, et al. L’art nouveau à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Revue historique neuchâteloise, 1998, no. 2, pp. 57-127
- 4.Edmond Charrière, « Entre nature et géométrie, le Style sapin », dans Helen Thomson Bieri (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, p. 98.
- 5.Catherine Corthésy et Anouk Hellmann, « L'École d'art : ferment du progrès artistique et industriel », dans Helen Bieri Thomson (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, p. 29.
- 6.Anouk Hellmann, « Charles L'Eplattenier, de l'observation à la composition décorative », dans Gilles Barbey et al., Le Corbusier. La Suisse, les Suisses : XII Rencontre de la Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris, Éditions de la Villette, 2006, p. 73.
- 7.Rapport de la Commission de l'Ecole d'art, 1911-1912, p. 17. Archive of Museum of La Chaux-de-Fonds
- 8.The "Coup de Fouet" magazine, vol. 16 (2010), pp. 2–10.
- 9.Jeanneret à L'Eplattenier, lettre du 26 février 1908, dans Marie-Jeanne Dumont (éd.), Le Corbusier. Lettres à Charles L'Eplattenier, Paris, Éditions du Linteau, 2006, p. 126.
- 10.« Entre nature et géométrie, le Style sapin », dans Helen Thomson Bieri (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, p. 97 ; Un mouvement d'art à La Chaux-de-Fonds / à propos de la Nouvelle Section de l'École d'art, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Georges Dubois, 1914.
- 11.Edmond Charrière, «Entre nature et géométrie, le Style sapin», dans Helen Thomson Bieri (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, .
- 12.www.chaux-de-fonds.ch.
- 13.Anouk Hellmann, « Charles L'Eplattenier, de l'observation à la composition décorative », dans Gilles Barbey et al., Le Corbusier. La Suisse, les Suisses : Rencontre de la Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris, Éditions de la Villette, 2006, .
- 14.Anouk Hellmann, « Charles L'Eplattenier, de l'observation à la composition décorative », dans Gilles Barbey et al., Le Corbusier. La Suisse, les Suisses : XIIe Rencontre de la Fondation Le Corbusier, Paris, Éditions de la Villette, 2006, p. 78.
- 15.Arthur Rüegg, « La fin de l'Art nouveau. Perspectives nouvelles : Charles-Édouard Jeanneret », dans Helen Thomson Bieri (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, p.155.
- 16.Edmond Charrière, « Entre nature et géométrie, le Style sapin », dans Helen Thomson Bieri (dir.), Le Style sapin à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Une expérience Art nouveau, Paris, Somogy, 2006, p. 112.
- 17.Jeanneret, Jean-Daniel, et al. L’art nouveau à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Revue historique neuchâteloise, 1998, no. 2, pp. 57-127
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