Nikolaus Becker

With French–German enmity already about 200 years old, the poem was inspired by the Rhine crisis of 1840, caused by the French prime minister, Adolphe Thiers, who voiced demands that France should own the left bank of the Rhine (described as France's "natural boundary"), as France had done decades earlier during Napoleon's reign. In response, Becker wrote a poem called Rheinlied, which contained the verse: "Sie sollen ihn nicht haben, den freien deutschen Rhein..." (They shall not have it, the free German Rhine). This patriotic poem brought him much praise throughout Germany. The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV sent him 1,000 Thaler, and King Ludwig I of Bavaria honoured him with a goblet. The Rheinlied was set to music over 70 times, amongst others by Robert Schumann, and other songs about the Rhine followed, the most famous being Die Wacht am Rhein by Max Schneckenburger. The French answered, with Alfred de Musset: "Nous l'avons eu, votre Rhin allemand" (We've had him, your German Rhine) rubbing salt into the wounds Napoleon and others had caused, while Lamartine's "Peace Marseillaise" (1841) was peaceful. He published a volume of more poems in 1841, but none achieved much popularity.