Merab Kostava

• Name — Merab Kostava • Honorific Suffix — Order of National Hero (Georgia) • Born — 26 May 1939 • Birthplace — Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, USSR • Died — 13 October 1989 • Place of death — Boriti, Georgian SSR, USSR • Known for — Soviet and Georgian dissident

Kostava was born in 1939 in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, to Georgian parents Ivane Christefores dze Kostava and Olga Demuria. In 1954, Kostava and Zviad Gamsakhurdia founded the Georgian youth underground organization "Gorgasliani," a tribute to Vakhtang Gorgasali, the medieval Georgian king who supposedly founded the capital, Tbilisi. Between 1956 and 1958 Kostava, together with Gamsakhurdia and several other members of this organization were jailed by the KGB for "anti-Soviet activity." The charges against Kostava and Gamsakhurdia included the dissemination of anti-communist literature and proclamations. Kostava graduated from the Tbilisi State Conservatoire in 1962. From 1962 to 1977 he was a teacher at a local music school in Tbilisi. In 1973, Kostava and Gamsakhurdia established the Initiative Group for defence of Human Rights. In 1976 Kostava co-founded the Georgian Helsinki Group (later renamed the Georgian Helsinki Union in 1989). From 1976 to 1977 and 1987–1989 Kostava was a member of the Governing Board of the abovementioned human rights organization. After 1975 Kostava was a member of Amnesty International. • Illustration — Soviet mugshot of Kostava while under arrest at a detention center in Tbilisi In 1977, Kostava and Gamsakhurdia were arrested and jailed, charged with spreading anti-Soviet propaganda, the result of them raising awareness about the systemic pillaging of Georgian church artifacts and the deportation and subsequent treatment of the Georgian Muslims. In 1978, Kostava and Gamsakhurdia were nominated to the Nobel Peace Prize by the Congress of the USA. They were sentenced to three years in prison and two years in exile to Siberia. Although Kostava was supposed to be released from prison in 1982, he was sentenced to additional three years in camp and two years in exile on 15 December 1981 in controversial circumstances for allegedly "insulting an officer of the law". He was sent to Irkutsk to serve his sentence and began the hunger strike in protest, which in overall lasted for 13 months. Kostava was released from prison in May, 1987. In 1988, he co-founded the Society of Saint Ilia the Righteous and was one of the leaders of this political pro-independence organization. From 1988 to 1989 he was one of the organizers and active participants of most (if not all) peaceful pro-independence political actions within the Georgian SSR. On April 9, 1989, Kostava was jailed again but was released after 45 days under public pressure. Merab Kostava was active in the underground network of Samizdat publishers, co-publisher of the Georgian underground periodical "Okros Satsmisi" ("The Golden Fleece"). He was the author of many important literary and scientific works.

• Illustration — Merab Kostava bust in Tbilisi On October 13, 1989, Merab Kostava died in a car crash near Boriti under suspicious circumstances. In 2013, he was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia.

There are streets named after Merab Kostava in Tbilisi, Batumi, Rustavi and Shindisi.