Joseph Wilton

In the United States, he is best remembered for sculpting a statue of King George III, which was located in Bowling Green park, New York City, which was pulled down by American patriots on July 9, 1776 and melted into 42,000 musketballs for the Continental Army.

The recorded working language is English. Places of work recorded in the authority are Paris, Florence and Rome. Work by Joseph Wilton is recorded in the collections of Minneapolis Institute of Art, J. Paul Getty Museum, National Gallery of Canada, Yale Center for British Art and New York Historical.

• Illustration — Portrait bust of Dr Antonio Cocchi, 1755, Joseph Wilton V&A Museum no. A.9–1966 • Illustration — Roubiliac by Joseph Wilton, 1761, National Portrait Gallery, London • Illustration — Oliver Cromwell by Joseph Wilton, 1762, Victoria and Albert Museum • Illustration — Unknown man (thought to be Dr Edward Archer), 1781, Victoria and Albert Museum

He was born the son of an ornamental plasterer in the Charing Cross area of London, where his father had sculpted the ceilings of the Foundling Hospital. His father wished that Joseph should become a civil engineer but instead Joseph strongly desired to be a sculptor. Wilton initially trained under Laurent Delvaux at Nivelles, in present-day Belgium. In 1744 he left Nivelles and went to the academy in Paris to study under Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. In 1752 he went to Italy with his sculptor friend Louis-François Roubiliac to learn to sculpt in marble, and stayed for seven years, living first in Rome and then in Florence. Whilst in Rome he met and befriended his first patron, William Locke of Norbury, who thereafter accompanied Wilton on his tour of Italy. Like many other artists of the day, he studied antiquities, and made numerous plaster casts and marble copies of classic works – many of these later formed the collection of Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond at Richmond House in west London. A marble bust of the physician and scholar Antonio Cocchi, carved by Wilton in 1755, his last year in Italy, is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Influenced by Wilton's study of antique busts, it was considered by Margaret Whinney to be one of Wilton's most distinguished works. While in Florence he made the acquaintance of the Florentine painter Giovanni Battista Cipriani. When Wilton and the architect William Chambers returned to England, in August 1755, Cipriani went with them. Once back in London, Wilton was named co-director of Lennox's Richmond House gallery, and established a workshop. He built up a considerable practice, making busts and monuments, including the memorial to James Wolfe in Westminster Abbey. He made at least two marble busts of Oliver Cromwell, which he showed at the Society of Artists, in 1761 and 1761, basing the likeness on a cast of Cromwell's face. One marble version, and the terracotta model for it, is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. In 1761, he was first commissioned to produce a statue of King George III. Similar commissions followed, including one in 1766 from New York City. This massive statue portrayed the king on horseback in Roman garb, and was cast in lead and gilded before being shipped to America and erected at Bowling Green, near the tip of Manhattan in August 1770. It did not last long, being torn down by patriots in July 1776. Wilton's other works include many notable busts, monuments (e.g. Stephen Hales' memorial in Westminster Abbey, London) and other carvings including fireplaces and tables. In 1768, when Wilton was perhaps at the peak of his powers, he was elected a founder member of the Royal Academy. However, that year also saw him inherit his father's fortune and the new wealth diverted him away from sculpture to a life of dissolution. In 1786 he was forced to sell most of his possessions and in 1793 he was officially declared bankrupt. In 1790 he was appointed Keeper of the Royal Academy, a post he kept until his death in 1803. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin, Wanstead in east London.

By some accounts, the town of Wilton, New Hampshire is said to have been named after Sir Joseph in 1762.

Joseph Wilton is recorded as a citizen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Recorded with the occupation sculptor. Established in Library of Congress under no2020036289. Established in RKDartists under 84876. Established in VIAF under 5838828.