Georg Kolbe

Georg Kolbe studied at Académie Julian. The recorded working language is German. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are figurative art. Work by Georg Kolbe is recorded in the collections of Belvedere, Städel Museum, Art Institute of Chicago, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art and Finnish National Gallery. Distinctions recorded are Goethe Prize of the City of Frankfurt, Goethe Plaque of the City of Frankfurt, Goethe Medal for Art and Science and Villa Romana Prize.

• Illustration — Dawn (Der Morgen) photographed in situ at the reconstructed Barcelona Pavilion • Illustration — Crouching Japanese Woman (1911) Albertinum, Dresden Kolbe was born in Waldheim, Saxony. Originally trained as a painter in Dresden, Munich, and Paris, he began sculpting during a stay in Rome at the turn of the century under the technical guidance of sculptor Louis Tuaillon.

In 1905, Kolbe joined the 'Berliner Sezession', which in 1913, he left to join the 'Freie Sezession'. His artistic breakthrough came in 1912 with his sculpture masterpiece "Die Tänzerin", his most famous work. As he was very interested in Asian faces, D. N. Mazumdar, father of Indian novelist Anita Desai, sat for him, resulting in a bust and a torso. In 1929, he also collaborated with Lilly Reich and Mies van der Rohe for his sculpture in the Barcelona Pavilion; Mies placed Kolbe's Alba (Dawn) in a small water basin. As the last president of the Deutscher Künstlerbund, he devoted himself to the promotion of fellow artists who were classified as "degenerate". Kolbe also made ninety-nine prints, beginning with lithographs around 1900, primarily literary illustrations. In 1919–1920, Kolbe practically did not work as a sculptor. During this time small-size sculptures and drawings became central in his works. In the 1920s, encouraged by Cassirer, he made drypoints of dancers and nudes in motion, subjects he favored in his sculpture. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Kolbe executed important commissions throughout his long career, including many for the National Socialists during the last 15 years of his life, even requesting to make a bust of Hitler though this request was denied. The Nazis appropriated his late style of monumental, idealized athletic nudes. From 1937 to 1944, Kolbe participated regularly at the Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung, organized by the Haus der Kunst, Munich. His uncharacteristically bombastic Verkündigung (Proclamation) (1924) was a focal point of the 1937 German Pavilion. Commissioned by the German-Spanish economic organization Hisma in 1939, Kolbe created a portrait bust of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, which was given to Hitler as a birthday present the same year. In 1944, in the final stages of World War II, Hitler and Joseph Goebbels included Kolbe in the Gottbegnadeten list of the twelve most important visual artists. Only after Kolbe's death, a Beethoven monument (1926−47) and the Ring der Statuen were installed in Frankfurt am Main. The realization of a Friedrich Nietzsche memorial in Weimar failed because of Hitler's appeal. Kolbe died of bladder cancer in St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus in Berlin on 20 November 1947.

In 2009, an exhibition of Kolbe's Blue Ink Drawings was presented by the State Hermitage Museum, in St Petersburg. In 2017 an exhibition about his artistic, architectural and social network yook place at the Georg Kolbe Museum, in Berlin.

• Illustration — Monument dedicated to the genius of Ludwig van Beethoven, Frankfurt • Illustration — Fliegender Genius (Flying Genius) in the German City of Ludwigshafen • Illustration — Statues in the garden of the Kolbe-Museum, Berlin • Illustration — Der Morgen (Morning) in Berlin-Schöneberg • Illustration — 1914-1918 You have not died in vain in Stralsund (1935) • Illustration — Painting: Die Goldene Insel (The Golden Isle) at the Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin. (1898) • Illustration — Sculpture: Jeune Somali at Colpach Castle in Luxembourg

Many of Kolbe's 1000 sculptures were destroyed by confiscation, bombing and melting for war purposes. His sculptures are included in many museum collections in Europe, the USA and Russia, among them the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and the Moderna Museet, Stockholm.