Frank C. Papé

His work illustrated such varied writers as Homer, Suetonius, Rabelais, Spenser, Bunyan, Defoe and others. Papé is best known for his illustrations for books published in the 1920s by the American writer James Branch Cabell and the French writer Anatole France. In 1921, literary critic Clement Shorter said readers of Cabell's Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice would be "enticed into the absorption of this book by the luxury of its illustration. The drawings are by Frank C. Papé and are certainly very beautiful and quaint". A 1928 review said Papé was "renowned among collectors of modern first editions for his decorations in the books of Cabell and France". The growing "cult of Papé" resulted in a character in Alec Waugh's novel Kept (1925) referencing Papé's illustrations in Cabell's 1921 novel Jurgen: A Comedy of Justice - "For several minutes she remained bent over Pape’s illustrated Jurgen. 'How good they are,' she said. 'I should doubt if an artist has ever entered more completely into the spirit of the writer..' ". Cabell described Papé's illustrations as "opulent in conceits and burgeons and whimseys" in the preface of the 1925 reissue of his Figures of Earth. During the second decade of the 20th century, Papé made extensive contributions to a number of collections of fairy, folk and other children's tales, as well as illustrating the Arabian Nights and a self-published collection of the Psalms. Papé died on 4 May 1972 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, aged 93.

• Name — Frank C. Papé • Birth Name — Francis Cheyne Papé • Born — 4 July 1878 • Birthplace — Camberwell, London, England • Died — 4 April 1972 • Place of death — Bedford, Bedfordshire, England • Occupation — * Artist • illustrator

Papé was born in Camberwell, London, on 4 July 1878, the second of Julius Eduard Paul (1848–1894) and Margaret Cheyne (née Johnston) (1853–1903) Papé's four children. By the time Papé was in high school, his father was a banker in Berlin. His mother was a referenced contributor to Schwierigkeiten des englischen: Syntax (Difficulties of English: Syntax) (1904), a text book by German author Gustav Krüger. In 1901, Papé was a boarder in a London home. He studied at The Slade School of Fine Art, completing his studies c. 1902–04.

Papé married Agnes Mary Stringer at St Mary's Church, Putney on 4 July 1907. They had a son, Lionel Frank Papé born 15 April 1908 in Putney, London. Stringer was a former Slade School of Fine Art student whose illustrations in Little Folks (c. 1910) magazine for children resemble Papé's early style. She did much of the colouring of his pictures. The couple collaborated on books, including the children's books Fair Folk of Many Lands published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1920 and The Picture Story Of Lorna Doone published by The Bodley Head in 1933. The couple lived for many years at Percy House in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Papé's wife died on 14 June 1955.

• Illustration — "Timothy began to dance, the cabin also began to dance, the table danced" - Russian Fairy Book (1916), illustrator Frank C. Papé Papé showed an incredible attention to detail from the outset of his career. He often developed a singular, particular style for each different book he was illustrating, sometimes using only line in a book's illustrations while other books saw Papé using soft washes of colours or shades of grey. He also was a sly user of humour within his work. His illustration "Timothy began to dance, the booth also began to dance, the table danced" for Richard Wilson's The Russian History Book shows the book's characters, table, mice, cats and dishes dancing. The letters in Papé's signature are dancing as well.

In 1905, Papé was 27 when his work The Life And Death Of Siegfried sold for £157 during the Spring Exhibition at the Southport Corporation Atkinson Art Gallery in Merseyside. In 1908, he exhibited a diptych entitled St. Christopher at the 30th Southport Spring Exhibition in Southport.

The First World War brought a decline in Britain's illustrated book market, affecting Papé's livelihood. On 7 December 1915, he enlisted at the age of 37 in the Royal Army Service Corps and served on the Greco-Bulgarian front.

Bookplates designed by Papé have become sought after by collectors. In the 1980s many volumes of author Dennis Wheatley's personal library bearing then unknown Papé bookplates were discovered on the 50p–£1.00 shelves at the Blackwell's bookstore in Oxford. Papé's bookplates are in most instances worth more than the book and are highly prized. One of Papé's illustrations for the works of François Rabelais was used as a bookplate design by silent film star Louise Brooks.

In the 1920s, Papé's career was revived due to his illustrations for books by James Branch Cabell. Early editions of many Cabell novels had been illustrated by Howard Pyle. The publishers The Bodley Head in London and Robert M. McBride & Co. in New York printed Papé's lush illustrations for Cabell's books as high quality photogravure prints, tipped into the volumes and protected by tissue overlay sheets. These editions usually included 11 or 12 of the Papé gravure prints as well as numerous incidental Papé illustrations throughout the body of the book text. Similar Papé gravure prints were included in the later Anatole France series of books he illustrated.

Cabell's Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice was a fantasy novel set in the Middle Ages. Jurgen, the novel's hero was a medieval pawnbroker - in his words a "monstrous clever fellow". The book recounted Jurgen's sexual liaisons with a female vampire, a goddess of fertility, and other maidens before choosing wedded bliss. After the book was first published in 1919, the director of The New York Society for the Suppression of Vice claimed the novel was obscene, banned the book and seized the printing plates. This scandal increased public interest in Jurgen. The deluxe 1921 edition featuring Papé's illustrations increased Papé's following in the United States. Papé's commissions grew due to his new acclaim in the United States. Cabell's book series Biography of the Life of Manuel issued by the London publishing house The Bodley Head, included Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice (1921, originally in a limited edition), The High Place, Something about Eve and The Cream of the Jest. Papé's illustrations often closely followed the double entendres in Cabell's books.

Cabell praised Papé's work in "A Preface To These Pictures" in the 1925 edition of his book Figures of Earth, saying in part "... most of my later writings are being commended to 'Papé collectors'. And indeed, the volume in your hands, I must perforce... regard as Mr. Papé's book, rather than my own book whensoever I quite futilely attempt to sum up his delightful and unarithmetical additions to the text... All these fine things, and many other fine things hereinafter, stay wholly and indisputably the legal children of Frank C. Papé". In the foreword for his novel The Cream of the Jest, Cabell said "The art of Mr. Papé extenuates the inadequacies of the author". Cabell kept a six-page letter from Papé in his copy of Something About Eve: A Comedy of Fig-Leaves (1929), which was illustrated by Papé. The letter was found after Cabell's death. It may be seen here: Letter from Frank C. Papé to James Branch Cabell

Papé's map of Cabell's mythical realm of Poictesme, based on Cabell's design, was used as the endpapers for the 1928 edition of The Silver Stallion published by Robert McBride & Company. Papé aimed to mislead readers, claiming the map was "...drawn from the yellowed parchments of Philip Borsdale, circa 1679" when in fact he had drawn it, even incorporating points of interest from Royal Tunbridge Wells where he lived. Cabell enthusiasts purchased large format colour broadside prints of the map, advertised as "suitable for framing".

In 1926, The Saturday Review of Literature reviewed Papé's illustrations for France's Thaïs saying, "This, like Penguin Island and others, is a beautiful book. Papé's fine draughtsmanship with its humorous diablerie, perfectly suits France's fantasies, as it has suited certain of Cabell's".

In 1928, Papé illustrated a series of full-colour posters for the Empire Marketing Board to promote trade within the British Empire by persuading British customers to "Smoke Empire Tobacco".

By the end of the 1950s, his eyesight was in serious decline, and his only known work in the 1960s was a series of children's books for Oxford University Press. His last published work was a 1968 reprint of a 1933 illustrated version of Robinson Crusoe. Papé died on 4 May 1972 in Bedford, Bedfordshire.

While Papé was prolific, his illustrations are rarely seen in person and are highly collectible.

Papé's works have been appreciated for over 120 years. His works are starting to be sold in auctions around the world, attracting the attention of collectors. Examples of realised prices at auction include: • A single Papé illustration was sold at Christie's South Kensington saleroom on 7 July 1993. • The Legend of Siegfried, signed and dated 'F.C Papé 04' and four additional panels, 36½ x 34in. (93 x 86.5 cm.) signed with initials; pencil and watercolour in an embossed copper Arts and Crafts frame decorated with coats of arms, "probably designed by Papé" sold at Christie's on 16 July 1999 for £28,750 (US$46,575). • Reginald Thomas Cleaver's poem Oh break, my heart! and Death, draw near!, illustrated by a 22-year old Papé, in pencil, pen and ink and wash, heightened with white, signed and dated 'F.C.Papé 1901', 16 x 10in. (42 x 26.7 cm.) sold at Christie's on 16 July 1999 for £2,300 (US$3,726). • Two of Papé's illustrations for George MacDonald's children's book At the Back of the North Wind, both signed 'Frank C. Papé' and both extensively inscribed with verse (on the reverse), 14 x 9¾ in (35.5 x 24.8 cm.); pencil, brown ink and watercolour, unframed, sold at Christie's on 1 December 2004 for £2,271 (US$3,928).

• Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1898) • Illustration — Article header illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1898) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1898) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1898) • Illustration — Two page spread illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1899)

• Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1900) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1900) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1901) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1901) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1902) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1902) • Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine. (1902) • Illustration — Title page illustration by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902) • Illustration — A most singular woman sitting on the trunk of a tree. Illustration # 2 by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902) • Illustration — Helen went toward the fiery monster. Illustration # 3 by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902) • Illustration — Illustration # 4 by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902) • Illustration — He runs... hops... skips from this terrible Frenchman. Illustration # 5 by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902) • Illustration — He nipped off one of the legs. Illustration # 6 by Frank C. Papé from Naughty Eric by Emile Clement (1902)

• Illustration — Sir Calidore overthrows the Blatant Beast. Illustration for The Gateway to Spenser - Stories from the Faërie Queen (1910) • Illustration — Hercules and the Golden Apples. Illustration for Half a Hundred Hero Tales of Ulysses and the Men of Old (1911) • Illustration — Lillekort with his magic sword struck off the fifteen heads at one blow. Illustration for The Diamond Fairy Book (1911) • Illustration — He Jumped Right Out Of The Frame. Illustration for The Fairy of Old Spain (1912) • Illustration — Illustration for The Adventures of Samba Sall in The Wide World Magazine (1914) • Illustration — Illustration for The Adventures of Samba Sall in The Wide World Magazine (1914) • Illustration — Illustration for The Adventures of Samba Sall in The Wide World Magazine (1914) • Illustration — The Water Tsar dances. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — Falcon the Hunter. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — Nightingale the Robber fell from his nest in the old oaks. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — Diuk stooped and caught Churilo by his yellow curls. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — There passed over the boundless white plain an age. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — Oh, said the man, I am able to do everything. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916) • Illustration — The black-browed maid stood upon the bank as the red ship... sailed away from Novgorod. Illustration for Russian Fairy Book (1916)

• Illustration — Upon The Middle Chest Sat A Woman. Illustration for James Branch Cabell's Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice (1921) • Illustration — Illustration for The Works of Rabelais Vol. I, Book I (1927) • Illustration — Illustration for The Works of Rabelais, Vol. II, Book IV (1927) • Illustration — Smoke Empire Tobacco. Illustration for the Empire Marketing Board (1928) • Illustration — Tobacco Plantation in Nyasaland. Illustration for the Empire Marketing Board (1928) • Illustration — Tobacco Plantation in S. Rhodesia. Illustration for the Empire Marketing Board (1928)

• Illustration — Illustration by Frank C. Papé in Radlerin und Radler magazine, 30January 1899 Papé's first known printed illustration work was for a Berlin magazine Die Radler ("The Cyclist"), later Radlerin und Radler. His work was selected by the magazine before he had turned 20 and before he had finished art school. The magazine printed his illustrations from 1898 to 1902. Papé's earliest work already exhibited many of his later seen personal techniques, including images that violated the frame of the illustration, juxtaposed patterns and a deft interplay between solid black and solid white. Papé provided illustrations for The Wide World Magazine during the 1910s. The primarily black and white magazine printed his work in more expensive duotone, often using a light blue second colour tint to enhance his work.

Papé's earliest book illustrations were for Emile Clement's Naughty Eric and Other Stories from Giant, Witch, and Fairyland, published in 1902, which remains extremely rare. A single copy is held by the British Library. An original pen and ink illustration from one of the stories, "The Magic Stone", has been found in Sussex. His next earliest illustrations are found in books for children from around 1908, including The Toils and Travels of Odysseus (1908), a translation of The Odyssey by Cyril A. Pease, and John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (1910). By 1911, Papé was a highly successful book illustrator. He also designed covers for the books containing his own illustrations as well as for books by other authors, including Rafael Sabatini's The Life of Cesare Borgia, (1924).

Circa 1925, Papé illustrated Uncle Ray's Corner, Ramon Coffman's weekly children's column syndicated in the United States by the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Papé's collaboration with Coffman included a number of book illustrations, including Uncle Ray's Story of the Stone-Age People (1936) and Coffman's The Child's Story of Science (1939). Starting in 1945, he continued his collaboration when Coffman launched Uncle Ray's Magazine. Papé contributed to this publication until the mid-1950s, first as art director, then as a staff artist.

During the 1930s, Papé's career faltered. In July 1933 he wrote in an unpublished letter to a Mr. Frank House in Brooklyn, New York about the slowdown in book illustration: "As high class book work seems to be a dead horse, I have devoted most of my time to trying to get other kinds of work — for papers and what-not. There is a proverb: 'When the devil is starving he will eat flies.'"

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • For works by James Branch Cabell • * • * • * • * • * • * • * • * • * • For works by Anatole France • * • * • * • * • * • * •, 2 vol.s, trans. Sir Thomas Urquhart and Peter Motteux • also, trans. John M. Cohen * •, by Rhys Davies, Furnival Books No. 4. * * * * * * From 1935 onwards Pape illustrated for the children's newspaper column Uncle Ray's Corner. *