Edwin Markham
Edwin Markham (born Charles Edward Anson Markham; April 23, 1852 – March 7, 1940) was an American poet. From 1923 to 1931 he was Poet Laureate of Oregon.
Also recorded as Charles Edward Anson Markham
Edwin Markham

A. F. Bradley · This image is available from the United States Library of Congress 's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3a02003. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached · Public domain
- Name
- Edwin Markham
- Born
- 23 April 1852
- Birthplace
- Oregon City, Oregon, U.S.
- Died
- 7 March 1940
- Place of death
- Staten Island, New York, U.S.
- Occupation
- Poet
- Education
- California State Normal School
- Full name
- Charles Edwin Anson Markham.
- Nationality
- United States.
- Fields
- poetry.
- Known for
- The Man With the Hoe.
- Honours
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets.
VALÉORINE Encyclopedia
VALÉORINE documentary reading
Documentary summary
Edwin Markham (born Charles Edward Anson Markham; April 23, 1852 – March 7, 1940) was an American poet. From 1923 to 1931 he was Poet Laureate of Oregon.
Admitted source layer · organised and presented by VALÉORINE
Note VALÉORINE
Edwin Markham (1852–1940) was an editor, essayist and head teacher, among other activities, of American nationality. The editor was born Charles Edwin Anson Markham in Oregon City and died in Staten Island.
Edwin Markham was a member of American Academy of Arts and Letters and held the position of Oregon Poet Laureate. The editor worked in Coloma, Hayward and Oakland, among others and lived in Brooklyn, Rio de Janeiro and Staten Island.
Among the works is The Man With the Hoe. The work spans poetry. Languages used include English. Works are held at Oregon Poetry Collection. Honours include Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets.
Composed from admitted, traceable facts · 27 September 2026
VALÉORINE
Reference Check
Propose documentary evidence for Edwin Markham. A contribution is never written directly as fact: identity, source, rights and evidence gates still decide.
Sign in to contribute
World of VALÉORINE
Documentary connections
Only confirmed graph relationships appear here. Images are shown only when their identity and reuse rights both pass the documentary gate.
Documentary evidence
Documentary basis
Authority files
wikidata · Q5346648 · wikipedia · Edwin Markham
In this article
Biography
Biography
Markham worked between 1852 and 1940 across writer, poet, essayist, teacher of literature and school superintendent and 3 further recorded occupations. The registers place that work in poetry. Every statement below returns to a source shown in the evidence panel; where the record is silent or divided, the article says so instead of resolving it.
The recorded working language is English. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are poetry. Ambrose Bierce, Hamlin Garland and Thomas Lake Harris are recorded as an influence. Places of work recorded in the authority are Oakland, Placerville and San Luis Obispo County. Residence is recorded at Rio de Janeiro and Brooklyn. Positions recorded include Oregon Poet Laureate. Works named in the authority record are The Man With the Hoe. Work by Edwin Markham is recorded in the collections of Oregon Poetry Collection. Distinctions recorded are Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets.

Edwin Markham Abstract/medium: 1 photographic print.
Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, PPOC, Library of Congress · Library of Congress Catalog: https: Image download: https: Original url

Edwin Mackham at Gettysburg, 9/9/25 Abstract/medium: 1 negative: glass; 4 x 5 in. or smaller
National Photo Company Collection · Library of Congress Catalog: https: Image download: https: Original url
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Edwin Markham • Born — 23 April 1852 • Birthplace — Oregon City, Oregon, U.S. • Died — 7 March 1940 • Place of death — Staten Island, New York, U.S. • Occupation — Poet • Education — California State Normal School • Notable Works — "The Man with the Hoe"
Early life and education
Early life and education
Edwin Markham was born in Oregon City, Oregon, and was the youngest of 10 children; his parents divorced shortly after his birth. At the age of four, he moved with his mother to Lagoon Valley in Solano County, California. He obtained a teaching certificate in 1870 from Pacific Methodist College in Vacaville. Markham then attended San Jose Normal School (now San Jose State University) graduating in 1872, and wrote the poem "The Man with the Hoe". The house in which he wrote the poem was preserved and moved to the city's History Park, and now serves as a poetry center. He went by "Charles" until about 1895, when he was about 43, when he started using "Edwin." He also studied at Christian College in Santa Rosa, California, in 1873.
Career
Career
• Illustration — L'homme à la houe by Jean-François Millet Markham taught literature in El Dorado County until 1879, when he became education superintendent of the county. While residing in El Dorado County, Markham became a member of Placerville Masonic Lodge. He also accepted a job as principal of Tompkins Observation School in Oakland, California, in 1890. While in Oakland, he became well acquainted with many other famous contemporary writers and poets, such as Joaquin Miller, Ina Coolbrith, and Charles Warren Stoddard. Markham's most famous poem, "The Man with the Hoe," which accented laborers' hardships, was first presented at a public poetry reading in 1898. His main inspiration was a French painting of the same name (in French, L'homme à la houe) by Jean-François Millet. Markham's poem was published, and it became quite popular very soon. In New York, he gave many lectures to labor groups. These happened as often as his poetry readings. His 1904 edition of the works of Edgar Allan Poe was followed by multiple volumes of The Real America in Romance, issued from 1909 through 1927 by New York publisher W. H. Wise. His edited works included several collections of British and American poetry. An accomplished and popular lecturer, Markham also wrote essays, popular articles that discussed his own compositional approaches, and introductions to the works of others. Among the latter, his subjects included John Keats, John Greenleaf Whittier, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. His efforts to raise public awareness of social ills were capped by contributions to a major volume examining child labor, Children in Bondage, in 1914. • Illustration — A photograph of Markham in his later years In 1922, Markham's poem "Lincoln, the Man of the People" was selected from 250 entries to be presented at the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial. The author himself read the poem. Dr. Henry Van Dyke of Princeton said of the poem, "Edwin Markham's Lincoln is the greatest poem ever written on the immortal martyr, and the greatest that ever will be written." Later that year, Markham was filmed reciting the poem by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process. As recounted by literary biographer William R. Nash, "'['b]etween publications, Markham lectured and wrote in other genres, including essays and nonfiction prose. He also gave much of his time to organizations such as the Poetry Society of America, which he established in 1910. In 1922, at the conclusion to the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial, Markham read a revised version of his poem, "Lincoln the Man of the People." Markham also wrote a number of epigrams, of which the best known is Outwitted. Throughout Markham's later life, many readers viewed him as an important voice in American poetry, a position signified by honors such as his election in 1908 to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Despite his numerous accolades, however, none of his later books achieved the success of the first two. American etiquette expert Amy Vanderbilt has said that Markham's single verse poem "Circles of Love" was written while Markham was a guest at her family home on Staten Island.
Personal life
Personal life
• Illustration — The Pioneer Monument at Pena Adobe Park, which features an engraving of Markham In 1898, Markham married his third wife, Anna Catherine Murphy (1859–1938), and in 1899 their son Virgil Markham was born. They moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1900 to study natives and their appeasement, then to New York City, where they lived in Brooklyn and then Great Kills, Staten Island. Markham was an admirer of economist Henry George, who he considered "one of the supreme heroes of humanity."
Identity and origins
Identity and origins
Edwin Markham was recorded at birth as Charles Edwin Anson Markham. The authorities additionally record the heading Charles Edward Anson Markham. His recorded language was English. He was the child of Elizabeth Markham. One child is recorded: Virgil Markham.
Identity
Identity
Edwin Markham is recorded with the occupation school superintendent. Recorded with the occupation teacher of literature. Classed in the genre poetry. Recorded as writer, poet, essayist, teacher of literature and school superintendent. Established in IMSLP under Category:Markham,_Edwin. Established in Library of Congress under n50041824. Established in FAST under 14331. What Edwin Markham did, and where. Markham worked at San Luis Obispo County. Markham worked at Placerville. Markham worked at Hayward. Markham worked at Oakland. Markham worked at Coloma.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
Explore 1852–1940
The full dated record · 10 entries
1852
Edwin Markham was born on 23 April 1852.
1879
Recorded as work location: Placerville.
1884
Recorded as work location: Hayward.
1890
Recorded as work location: Oakland.
1908
Recorded as member of: American Academy of Arts and Letters.
1923
Recorded as position held: Oregon Poet Laureate.
1936
Receives Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets.
1936
Edwin Markham received Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets in 1936.
1940
Dies at Staten Island.
1940
Edwin Markham died at Staten Island.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
- Rio de Janeiro, Brooklyn and Staten Island.
Named but not plotted · 2
Oregon City.
Birth place
Staten Island.
Death place
Legacy
By the time of his death, Markham had amassed a huge library of over 15,000 books. This collection was bequeathed to Wagner College's Horrmann Library on Staten Island. Markham also willed his personal papers to the library. His correspondents included Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ambrose Bierce, Aleister Crowley, Jack and Charmian London, Zoe Anderson Norris, Carl Sandburg, Florence Earle Coates and Amy Lowell. Six schools in California were named in honor of Markham. Three schools, all named Edwin Markham Elementary School, are in Oakland, Vacaville and Hayward, and three more are Markham Middle School in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Watts, Edwin Markham Middle School in Placerville, and Edwin Markham Junior High School in San Jose, the last since renamed Willow Glen Middle School. Schools in other states named in his honor include Edwin Markham Intermediate School 51 in Staten Island, Edwin Markham Elementary north of Pasco, Washington, Edwin Markham Elementary School in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and Markham Elementary in Portland, Oregon. A playground in New York City was given his name in 1985. In 1916, American composer Alice Marion Shaw set Markham’s text to music in her song “To Go and Forget.” The Liberty Ship Edwin Markham was launched on May 5, 1942. A street in the Palomares Hills neighborhood of Castro Valley, California bears his name (Edwin Markham Drive), as does a street in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania (Markham Drive), which is nearby the aforementioned eponymous elementary school. The Markham Houses is a complex on Staten Island, as is a street there. Markham House, his residence until 1889, is now in History Park in San Jose, California and houses the Poetry Center San José. A historical marker in Peña Adobe Park in Vacaville, California bears an engraving of Markham. Since 2010, literary journal Reed Magazine (headquartered at Markham's alma mater San José State University) has exhibited the Edwin Markham Prize for Poetry, awarding poets a $1,000 prize and publication, as chosen by noted poets.
Primary material
Documents and archives
institutional register
- IMSLP authority file Category:Markham,_Edwin
General reference · IMSLP
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q5346648: Edwin Markham
General reference · Wikimedia Foundation
reference work
- “Edwin Markham”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress). Oregon – State Poet Laureate. www.loc.gov.
- 2.Fu, Kimberly. History: The life and times of Edwin Markham. The Vacaville Reporter. 20 March 2021.
- 3.Edwin Markham Information. www.sjsu.edu.
- 4.Biographical History from the Edwin Markham Collection Finding Aid at San Jose State University
- 5.A Look Back at Edwin Markham. Staten Island Advance. 25 March 2010.
- 6.Edwin Markham's Life and Career – A Concise Overview. www.english.uiuc.edu.
- 7.The New York Times, May 30, 1922
- 8."Famous Staten Islanders from all walks of life", Staten Island Advance, April 23, 2012.
- 9.The Single Tax Review Volume 15. New York: Publ. Off., 1915
- 10.[Letter] 1917 August 29 [to] Sir - Page 1 | Digital Culture.
- 11.Results for '"edwin markham" "charmian london" "staten island"' [WorldCat.org]. www.worldcat.org.
- 12.Results for '"florence earle coates" "edwin markham" "staten island"' [WorldCat.org]. www.worldcat.org.
- 13.Markham Playground Highlights : NYC Parks. www.nycgovparks.org.
- 14.Alice Marion Shaw. digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu.
- 15.Poetry Center San Jose. www.poetrycentersanjose.org.
- 16.Pioneer Monument. Historical Marker Database.
- 17.Edwin Markham Prize for Poetry | Reed-156.
- 18.Edwin Markham Analysis - eNotes.com.
Bibliography printed in the source article · 10
- The Man With the Hoe and Other Poems (1899)
- Lincoln and Other Poems (1901)
- Edwin Markham Analysis - eNotes.com.
- The Shoes of Happiness and Other Poems (1913)
- Gates of Paradise (1920)
- Eighty Poems at Eighty (1932)
- The Ballad of the Gallows Bird (published 1960)
- Children in Bondage (1914)
- California the Wonderful (1914)
- Peter J. Frederick, Knights of the Golden Rule: The Intellectual As Christian Social Reformer in the 1890s. Lexington, KY: University Press Of Kentucky, 1976.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
institutional register
Secondary witnessinstitutional register
Wikidata, structured authority record Q5346648: Edwin MarkhamWikimedia Foundation
Secondary witnessreference work
Secondary witness
Further particulars
Held on the record
Further particulars
Open the remaining particulars
Recorded position is Oregon Poet Laureate. He belonged to American Academy of Arts and Letters. He worked at Oakland, Placerville, San Luis Obispo County, Coloma, Rio de Janeiro, Brooklyn and Staten Island. Markham received Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets.
Career and activity
Recognition and collections
Work by Edwin Markham is
Oregon Poetry Collection
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 15 August 2026.
Elsewhere in Books
39,427 published records in this field, each with its sources named.
- Edwin James MillikenAuthor
- Edwin John LuceAuthor
- Edwin Keppel BennettAuthor
- Edwin Lester ArnoldAuthor
- Edwin MuirAuthor
- Edwin O. ReischauerAuthor
- Edwin O'ConnorAuthor
- Edwin RolfeAuthor
Best supported in this field
For owners
Own a work by Edwin Markham?
A specialist will read what you send and tell you what the house can establish, what it cannot, and whether the object is suited to sale. There is no charge and no obligation. The object stays with you throughout; nothing is shipped to us unless it is arranged in writing beforehand.