David King

King worked between 1943 and 2016 across photographer, historian, graphic designer, designer and writer and 1 further recorded occupations. This article rests on 186 published texts, 1 issued recordings and 29 scholarly references drawn from named institutional registers. Every statement below returns to a source shown in the evidence panel; where the record is silent or divided, the article says so instead of resolving it.

• Name — David King • Born — 30 April 1943 • Birthplace — Isleworth Hundred, Middlesex, England • Died — 11 May 2016 30 April 1943 • Place of death — London, England • Education — * University College School • London School of Printing • Years Active — 1960–2015 • Notable Works — The Commissar Vanishes

King was born in 1943 in Isleworth Hundred, Middlesex. His father Stanley was a bank manager. The family lived in northwest London, in South Kenton and then in Northwood. King attended University College School, then studied typography at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts (now the London College of Communication), from which he graduated in 1963. He was taught by several notable designers, including Tom Eckersley, Richard Hollis and Robin Fior. Fior, who designed for the magazines Peace News and International Socialism, was a particularly strong influence. He introduced King to Soviet Constructivist revolutionary graphics and political art and to the work of John Heartfield, both important influences on King's later work as a designer and visual historian. Fior also introduced King to the typeface Franklin Gothic Bold, which King used extensively in his later designs. As a student, King assisted Fior with his poster work for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and on the design of the magazine Peace News.

After graduating from the London College of Printing (renamed from the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts) in 1963, King worked as an art assistant on the magazine Queen and then for the advertising agency Stratton & Wolsey. In 1965, King joined the staff of The Sunday Times Magazine, where he collaborated with art director Michael Rand to transform the magazine's visual identity. While working on a feature for The Sunday Times in 1970, King made his first trip to the Soviet Union to collect materials on Vladimir Lenin, which were plentiful. However, he was unable to find any materials related to Leon Trotsky, despite Trotsky's importance during the Russian Revolution. King, who admired Trotsky, then began to collect his photographs and memorabilia to counteract the suppression of his image under Stalin. He uncovered many unknown images of Trotsky, and in 1972, he published his first book, Trotsky: A Documentary, with text by the Sunday Times writer Francis Wyndham. While at The Sunday Times, King also worked as a freelance graphic designer in the record business, designing covers for The Who Sell Out, The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, and Axis: Bold as Love. His design for the 1968 Jimi Hendrix album Electric Ladyland generated controversy as it featured a David Montgomery photograph of 19 nude women, which King intended as a contrast to the image of women found in Playboy magazine. The photo was considered too risqué for the US edition of the album and was replaced by a picture of Hendrix. King, a self-taught photographer, additionally documented the training sessions of Muhammad Ali before his 1974 match with George Foreman. In 1975, the photographs were published in I Am King: A Photographic Biography of Muhammad Ali. In the 1970s, King created posters and graphics for many political groups, including the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the National Union of Journalists. He originated the red-and-yellow arrow logo for the Anti-Nazi League and designed posters for Rock Against Racism concerts and marches. He also designed book covers for radical and progressive publishers, including Allison and Busby and Earthscan Publications, as well as for mainstream publishers, such as Penguin Books. From 1979 to 1985, King was commissioned by David Elliott, then-curator of the Museum of Modern Art Oxford (now Modern Art Oxford), to design a series of catalogues and posters for the following Soviet art exhibitions: Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Mayakovsky: Twenty Years of Work, and Art Into Production: Soviet Textiles, Fashion and Ceramics 1917–1935. This work would later be featured in the 2016 exhibit David King: Designs for Oxford (1979–1985). King devoted his later career to uncovering and chronicling the art of the Soviet and the Constructivist periods, with a focus on the doctoring of photographs and the accompanying process of historical revisionism. He published the result of his research in books, which include The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in Stalin’s Russia (1997), Ordinary Citizens: The Victims of Stalin (2003), and Red Star Over Russia: A Visual History of the Soviet Union From the Revolution to the Death of Stalin (2009). He also published a second book on Trotsky, Trotsky: A Photographic Biography, in 1986. King's book became the basis of an audiovisual collaboration with composer Michael Nyman, who created a soundtrack to The Commissar Vanishes, which was first performed at the Barbican Centre, London, in 1999. King's collection grew to more than 250,000 items, which have formed the basis for a series of exhibitions and a special gallery in the Tate Modern. Stephen F. Cohen, a professor of Russian studies, described King's work as "a one-man archaeological expedition into the lost world, the destroyed world, of the original Soviet leadership. He was determined to unearth everything that Stalin had buried so deeply and so bloodily."

King died of a heart attack at his London home on 11 May 2016. He was survived by his partner, sister, daughter, son, and two grandchildren.

• Trotsky: A Documentary, Penguin Books, 1972, • I Am King: a photographic biography of Muhammad Ali. Penguin, 1975, • How the GPU Murdered Trotsky, 1977, by the International Committee of the Fourth International, illustrations by David King • David Elliott & David King: Alexander Rodchenko. Museum of Modern Art Oxford, 1979, • David Elliott & David King: Mayakovsky: Twenty Years of Work. 1982, • David King & Cathy Porter: Blood & Laughter: Caricatures from the 1905 Revolution. 1983, • David Elliott & David King: Art into Production: Soviet Textiles, Fashion and Ceramics, 1917–35., 1984, • Isaac Deutscher & David King: The Great Purges. 1984, • Trotsky: a photographic biography. 1986, by David King, Tamara Deutscher (introduction), James Ryan (commentary) • The Commissar Vanishes, Metropolitan Books/Canongate Books, 1997, ISBN 978-0-86241-724-6. • Ordinary Citizens: The Victims of Stalin. 2003, • Red Star Over Russia: A Visual History of the Soviet Union. 2009, • Russian Revolutionary Posters: From Civil War to Socialist Realism, from Bolshevism to the End of Stalinism. 2012, • David King & Ernst Volland: John Heartfield: Laughter is a Devastating Weapon. 2015,

David King was born on 30 April 1943 in Greater London. King held the nationality of United Kingdom. King worked as photographer, historian, graphic designer and designer, and the authority record catalogues a further 2 occupations under the same name, among them writer and art collector. King worked in Greater London. King worked in English.