Bernardino Zapponi

• Name — Bernardino Zapponi • Born — 4 September 1927 • Birthplace — Rome, Italy • Died — 11 February 2000 • Place of death — Rome, Italy • Occupation — Novelist, screenwriter

Zapponi was born in Rome in 1927. He began his literary career writing for Orlando and Marc'Aurelio, two well-established Italian satirical magazines, later branching out into radio and television. An expert in literary innovation, Zapponi founded the cult magazine Il Delatore (The Spy), and published four novels including Gobal, a famous collection of short stories, as well as songs, plays and theatre sketches. Revered for his work with Fellini, he also collaborated on films by Dino Risi, Tinto Brass and co-wrote Dario Argento's Deep Red.

Zapponi first met Fellini in July 1967 during pre-production of the "Toby Dammit" segment in the omnibus film, Histoires extraordinaires after Fellini had abandoned his ambitious project, The Voyage of G. Mastorna. While recovering from a devastating illness (provoked by the Mastorna fiasco), Fellini read Zapponi's Gobal and hoped to convince French producer, Raymond Eger, of financing one of its short stories. The story in question, The Driver, was a macabre tale of a chauffeur demolishing the car he doesn't own. Interested solely in screen adaptations of work by Edgar Allan Poe, Eger rejected the proposal. Fellini then instructed his assistant Liliana Betti to read and summarize all of Poe's tales for him. Although tempted by several stories, it was Never Bet the Devil Your Head with the protagonist Toby Dammit that fired his imagination. Zapponi read a news item while scouting locations with Fellini that concerned the collapsed Ariccia Bridge in the Castelli Romani quarter outside Rome. Visiting the area at night, they were deeply impressed by the bridge's ruined splendour and decided to make it a crucial element in the death of Toby Dammit. In addition to "Toby Dammit", Zapponi collaborated on Fellini: A Director's Notebook, Satyricon, I clowns, Roma, Fellini's Casanova, and City of Women, for a total of seven films with the Italian director.

• Gobal • Trasformazioni • Nostra Signora dello Spasimo: l'inquisizione e i sistemi inquisitori • Passione

• Italiani si nasce (1961) • Se il tempo fosse un gambero (1987) • La strada (1999) - a musical co-written with Tullio Pinelli and based on the film directed by Fellini

Bernardino Zapponi is recorded as screenwriter, novelist and writer. Zapponi received Nastro d'Argento for Best Screenplay and Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.