York University

Established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the York University Act, which received royal assent in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the St. George campus of the University of Toronto with a total of 76 students. In the fourth quarter of 1961, York moved to its first campus at Glendon Hall (now part of Glendon College), which was leased from the University of Toronto, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the Keele Campus, in North York, within the neighbourhood community now called York University Heights. York opened its Markham Campus to its first full cohort of students in September 2024. Over the last twenty years, York has become a centre for labour strife with several faculty and other strikes occurring, including the longest university strike in Canadian history in 2018.

• Name — York University • Other Names — Université York • Motto — Tentanda via • Motto Eng — "The way must be tried" • Type — Public research university • Endowment — $615.0 million (2023) • Chancellor — Kathleen Taylor • President — Lisa Philipps (Interim) • Provost — Laina Bay-Cheng (Interim) • Students — 55,700 • Undergrad — 49,700 • Postgrad — 6,000 • City — Toronto, Ontario • Country — Canada • Campus — *Keele: Urban, acre • Glendon: Suburban, acre • Markham: Suburban • Free Label — Tagline • Free — Right the Future • Colours — Red and White start • FFFFFF • Sports Nickname — Lions • Mascot — Yeo the Lion • Language — * English • Bilingual (Glendon) • Website — https: www.yorku.ca/ • Academic Affiliations — CARL, COU, CUSID, Fields Institute, IAU, Universities Canada • Sporting Affiliations — U Sports, OUA, Toronto Raptors • Administrative Staff — 7,000

• Illustration — York University Faculty Members, 1961 York University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the York University Act, which received royal assent in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the University of Toronto St. George campus with a total of 76 students. The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that higher education was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society. The governance was modelled on the provincial University of Toronto Act of 1906, which established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate (faculty), responsible for academic policy, and a board of governors (citizens) exercising exclusive control over financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership. In the fourth quarter of 1961, York moved to its first campus, Glendon College, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. York became independent in 1965, after an initial period of affiliation with the University of Toronto (U of T), under the York University Act, 1965. Its main campus on the northern outskirts of Toronto opened in 1965. Murray Ross, who continues to be honoured today at the university in several ways – including the Murray G. Ross (Valedictorian) Award – was still vice-president of U of T when he was approached to become York University's new president. At the time, York University was envisaged as a feeder campus to U of T, until Ross's powerful vision led it to become a completely separate institution. In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the Keele Campus, in North York, in the Jane and Finch community. The Glendon campus became a bilingual liberal arts college led by Escott Reid, who envisaged it as a national institution to educate Canada's future leaders, a vision shared by Prime Minister Lester Pearson, who formally opened Glendon College in 1966. In 1971, Lakeshore Teachers' College affiliated with York. It was merged into the Faculty of Education in 1975. The first Canadian undergraduate program in dance opened at York University in 1970. In 1972, Canada Post featured the nascent institution on 8¢ stamps, entitled York University Campus, North York, Ont. The first Canadian PhD program in women's studies opened with five candidates in January 1992. Its bilingual mandate and focus on the liberal arts continue to shape Glendon's special status within York University. The new Keele Campus was regarded as somewhat isolated, in a generally industrialized part of the city. Petrol storage facilities are still across the street. Some of the early architecture was unpopular with many, not only for the brutalist designs, but the vast expanses between buildings, which was not viewed as suitable for the climate. In the last two decades, the campus has been intensified with new buildings, including a dedicated student centre and new fine arts, computer science and business administration buildings, a small shopping mall, and a hockey arena. Sobeys Stadium, a tennis stadium built in 2004, is a perennial host of the Canadian Open. As Toronto has spread further out, York has found itself in a relatively central location within the built-up Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and in particular, near the Jane and Finch neighbourhood. Its master plan envisages a denser on-campus environment commensurate with that location. Students occupied the university's administration offices in March 1997, protesting escalating tuition hikes. In June 2014, the university announced that a new campus would be constructed in Markham, Ontario. The campus will be built near Highway 407, between Kennedy Road and Warden Avenue in partnership with Seneca College. The new campus would house approximately 4,200 students and is anticipated to accommodate up to 10,000 students in future phases. On 20 May 2015, the provincial government announced it will provide financial contribution to this new project. On 24 October 2018, the provincial government announced it would pull its funding for the campus, along with funding for the planned satellite campuses of Laurier University and Toronto Metropolitan University (then Ryerson University). After this cancellation of funding for the Markham project, York University and its partners planned to seek alternative funding. In July 2020, the provincial government allowed plans for the university to go through. The Markham Campus opened for the fall session in September 2024.

• Illustration — An outdoor art exhibit outside of Scott Library, Keele Campus The Keele Campus is the main campus of York University and is located in northern Toronto bordering York Region. Most of the university's faculties reside here, including Liberal Arts, Fine Arts, Business, Law, Environmental Studies, Science and Engineering, Education, and Health. All together, nearly 50,000 students attend classes on the Keele campus. York University station and Pioneer Village Station are two Toronto subway stations located on Keele campus. Other transit options on campus include Brampton Transit (Züm) and York Region transit (YRT).

Glendon College is a bilingual liberal arts faculty and separate campus of York University. Glendon College is home to the Leslie Frost library.

• Illustration — York University's Markham campus in 2025 In 2018, York University announced a proposal to construct a third campus in the City of Markham. The Government of Ontario supported to partially fund the construction and was announced by Premier Doug Ford on 23 July 2020. The Markham Campus was due to open in the second quarter of 2024, but officially opened in September 2024. The campus currently hosts over 1,000 students, with capacity projected to be up to 4,200 students over the next several years. Markham is the first public university campus in York Region. The campus hosts programs in arts and media, IT, liberal arts, environmental studies, engineering, science, and business. York University is projected to recover its capital investment in the new campus by 2038. • Illustration — Atrium • Illustration — Level 2 Multifaith/Spiritual Reflection Room • Illustration — Level 2 Lecture theatre • Illustration — Level 3 Library • Illustration — Level 4 common area

While most of the Schulich School of Business and Osgoode Hall Law School programs are offered at the Keele Campus, both of them maintain satellite facilities in downtown Toronto. Schulich operates the Miles S. Nadal Management Centre at 222 Bay Street (EY Tower within the Toronto-Dominion Centre), while Osgoode Hall has a Professional Development Centre at One Dundas West Tower within the Toronto Eaton Centre. Faculty of Environmental and Urban Change's Lillian Meighen Wright Centre is billed as an eco campus next to Las Nubes Forest Reserve in Costa Rica. The Schulich School of Business operates a co-campus with GMR School of Business at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, India. In 2024, the Government of Ontario provided $9 million initial start-up funding to establish the York University School of Medicine that will be located in the Vaughan Healthcare Centre Precinct (VHCP) adjacent to Cortellucci Vaughan Hospital in Vaughan. York will be the third medical school in the Greater Toronto Area, joining Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and the University of Toronto. In April 2024, it was announced that the York University School of Medicine will accept 80 undergraduate students and 102 postgraduate residents at doors open in 2028, expanding to 240 undergraduate students and 293 postgraduate residents across all years once operating at full capacity.

• Illustration — York University Campus York's approximately 1500 full-time faculty and academic librarians and archivists are represented by the York University Faculty Association. Contract faculty, teaching assistants, and graduate assistants are represented by CUPE Local 3903. York University has over 120 undergraduate programs with 17 degree types (BA, iBA, BHS, BSc, iBSc, BBA, iBBA, BEng, BES, BDes, BPA, BFA, BCom, BEd, BDEM, BHRM, BScN, BSW) and offers over 170 degree options. They admit to 30 international degrees offering international language study and opportunities to study abroad at more than 100 international universities. Its international students represent over 150 countries around the world.

According to Maclean's data for 2025, York's average entering grade was 84.1%. York University's overall acceptance rate is 57%, making the school moderately selective. The average acceptance rate for specific schools and programs is more selective, with the Osgoode Hall Law School at 25-30% and the Schulich School of Business at 30-40%.

• Illustration — View of Vari Hall from Harry W. Arthurs Common York University currently has 11 faculties: the School of Arts, Media, Performance & Design, the Faculty of Education, the Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change, Glendon College, the Faculty of Graduate Studies, the Faculty of Health, the Lassonde School of Engineering, the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, Osgoode Hall Law School, the Schulich School of Business, and the Faculty of Science. York University's Film Department houses Canada's oldest film school and has been ranked one of the best in Canada, with an acceptance rate comparable to that of USC School of Cinematic Arts and Tisch School of the Arts. The Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change is the oldest and largest environmental studies faculty in Canada. From 1999 to 2018, York University offered the first and largest graphic design program in Ontario York/Sheridan Design (YSDN). It was a four-year University degree delivered jointly by the two leading educational institutions of design in Canada (York University and Sheridan College). The joint program has been discontinued and beginning with the class entering in 2019, four-year design students will enrol in a new Bachelor of Design offered by York University, one which is geared for the future of the profession. Osgoode Hall Law School moved from a downtown location to the York campus in 1969, after the Ontario government mandated that every law school affiliate with a university. Osgoode Hall offers a number of joint and combined programs.

• Illustration — York researchers at the York University Research Leaders 2014 event. York University is home to 32 organized research units that provide research development beyond the traditional academic units and faculties: • Illustration — Bergeron Centre For Engineering Excellence • Illustration — York University was involved with NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite The Art Gallery of York University houses the permanent art collections. The collection of 1500 objects includes Canadian, American, Inuit, and European mixed media, multimedia, installations, painting, photography, prints, drawings, sculpture, sketchbooks, film and video. The School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (AMPD, formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts), offers programmes such as design, ethnomusicology, cultural studies, visual arts, music, dance, and theatre. York's Jazz Department was once overseen by Oscar Peterson. York also has a joint Bachelor of Design program with Sheridan College. York's Departments of Film, Theatre and Creative Writing (which is not affiliated with the Faculty of Fine Arts) offers programmes in film production/directing, acting, and writing respectively, producing many award-winning graduates. • Illustration — Life Sciences Building

The York University library has a number of branches. The Scott Library has materials in humanities, social sciences, fine arts, and environmental studies. The business library is the Peter F. Bronfman Business Library.

The Keele campus is host to a satellite facility of Seneca College, which is branded as Seneca@York. The university has an articulation agreement with Seneca College, enabling graduates of select Seneca programs to be considered for transfer credits at York. Additionally, the two institutions offer a joint program in rehabilitation services, where graduates receive a BA or BSc degree from York and a certificate from Seneca College.

The university also offers the opportunity for students to earn credits towards their degree while studying abroad through international internships, the "Discover India" program operated between York and FLAME University, and student exchange programs. The university has student exchange agreements with over 120 institutions in 40 countries. Toronto Raptors As of 4 October 2024, York University officially announced a partnership with the Toronto Raptors. This partnership aims to provide students with the opportunities and career development resources in sports, entertainment, and media.

York has nine undergraduate residential colleges: • Illustration — Founders Residence • Illustration — Vanier Residence • Illustration — Winters Residence Colleges of York University • Name (Founded) — Motto/Mandate — Academic Affiliations — Namesake • Calumet (1970) — "Technology and the Arts" — Business Administration, Economics, Business and Society, Cognitive Science, Communication Studies, Psychology — Norman-French for pipe or pipestem. • Founders (1965) — "Self, Culture & Society" — Anthropology, English, Environmental Studies, French, Geography, Italian, History, African studies, East Asian studies, Social Work, Latin American and Caribbean Studies, South Asian Studies, International Development, Urban studies — The Group of Seven, often referred to as "The Founders of Canadian Art" • Glendon (1966) — Bilingual Liberal Arts — Liberal Arts, English, French, Public Policy, International Affairs — A combination of "glen" meaning "valley" and "Don" for the Don River. • McLaughlin (1968) — Public Policy & Social Sciences — Political Science, Sociology, Law and Society, Criminology, Public Policy, Health and Society, Labour Studies — Colonel Samuel McLaughlin, businessman and philanthropist. • New College (2009) — Professional Studies — Commerce, Human Resources, Information Technology — Newest college at York University. • Norman Bethune (1972) — "Science and its Place in the World" — Natural Sciences, Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Science and Technology Studies (formerly Science and Society) — Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and Chinese hero. • Stong (1969) — Language and Sport — Kinesiology, Health Science — The Stong family lived on the land now occupied by the Keele campus. • Vanier (1965) — Humanities — Children's Studies, Classical Studies & Classics, Culture and Expression, Hellenic Studies, Individualized Studies, Jewish Studies, Liberal Studies, Philosophy, Religious Studies, Social and Political Thought, all Undecided Majors in the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies — Georges Vanier, Governor-General of Canada. • Winters (1967) — Fine Arts & Education Studies — Arts, Media, Performance & Design, Faculty of Education — Robert Winters, Canadian Cabinet Minister and York's first chairman. • Glendon College acts as both a faculty and a college of the university. New College was created in 2009 to accommodate the creation of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies.

York University is home to over 350 student clubs. A number of larger student organizations are supported by student levy fees. These include the local chapters of the social justice group OPIRG, and Regenesis, an environmental organization on campus that runs farmers' markets at the Keele and Glendon campuses, a free store, a community bike centre and a borrowing centre.

The Village at York University off-campus student housing area has become a popular area of accommodation for many upper-year and post-graduate students, and the area has had a large amount of attention particularly for large parties hosted by students, including the annual Battle of the Village kegger held in March. There have also been many reports of the level of noise pollution from late-night parties from students living in the area. Safety has also been a pressing issue.

Excalibur has been the university's autonomous student newspaper since 1966. In 2008, the YU Free Press was formed as an alternative campus newspaper. Existere is magazine published by students of the university's professional writing program. The magazine was first published in 1978. YorkU Magazine (est. 2003) is the official magazine of York University. It is published 3 times a year in both a print and digital format.

• Illustration — York University vs University of Guelph The university is represented in U Sports by the York Lions. Beginning in 1968 York's sporting teams were known as the "Yeomen", after the Yeomen Warders, the guardians of the fortress and palace at the Tower of London, otherwise known as Beefeaters. Later, the name "Yeowomen" was introduced to encourage women to participate in sports. Popular sentiment ran against this name scheme, however, as many students were fond of noting that a "Yeowoman" was fictitious, neither a real word nor having any historical merit. In 2003, after conducting an extensive internal study, the university replaced both names with the "Lions", as part of a larger renaming effort, and a new logo, now a white and red lion, was brought into line with the university's new visual scheme. The name change also brought York University in line with the 92% of other Canadian universities which use a single name for both sexes' sports teams. Ironically, students often refer to the female Lions teams as the "York Lionesses", even though the name "Lion" is intended to apply to both sexes. York offers 29 interuniversity sport teams, 12 sport clubs, 35 intramural sport leagues, special events and 10 pick-up sport activities offered daily. York University has several athletic facilities, some of which are used for major tournaments. These include a football stadium, 4 gymnasia, 5 sport playing fields, 4 softball fields, 9 outdoor tennis courts, 5 squash courts, 3 dance/aerobic studios, 6 ice arenas, a swimming pool, an expanding fitness centre and Sobeys Stadium (home of the Canadian Open tennis tournament). In 2014 the York Lions won four banners: the Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) men's national track and field championship, the Ontario University Athletics women's provincial tennis championship and both the OUA and CIS men's soccer titles. York will be hosting the 2015 CIS Men's Soccer Championships at York Stadium November 2015. In 2015 and 2016 York Lions Women's Tennis team won the Canadian University National Championships. The volleyball team has been coached by, among others, Olympian Sam Schachter.

Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "York Song", sung to the tune "Harvard".

Fraternities and sororities are not recognized by York University. Phi Delta Phi (ΦΔΦ) international legal fraternity, at Osgoode Law School, was given special dispensation when the law school became part of the university in 1965, as the fraternity's history with the law school dated back to 1896, and is recognized at York.

York University has had multiple instances of alleged antisemitism on campus. • In 2016, lab technologist Nikolaos Balaskas was fired from the university after Hillel Ontario said that Balaskas made antisemitic social media posts. • In 2017, police investigated after students found swastikas and an antisemitic statement on a chalkboard at the front of a classroom. • In 2022, graffiti found on a garage wall near to the campus incited passersby to "shoot Jews in the head" along with an antisemitic caricature. A suspect was later arrested and charged.

York has over 370,000 living alumni. Although a large number of alumni live in Ontario, a significant number live in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Alberta, New York, and Washington, D.C. York also has over 25,000 alumni overseas.

• Murray G. Ross, academic 1959–1970 • David Slater, economist and civil servant 1970–1973 • H. Ian Macdonald, economist and civil servant 1973–1984 • Harry W. Arthurs, lawyer and academic 1985–1992 • Susan Mann, historian and academic, 1993–1997 • Lorna Marsden, academic and politician 1997–2007 • Mamdouh Shoukri, academic, 2007–2017 • Rhonda Lenton, academic (sociologist), 2017–2025 • Lisa Philipps, academic, 2026-present

York University has a history of faculty and teaching assistant strikes. In 1997, there was a faculty strike by YUFA that lasted seven weeks. At the time, this was the second longest strike in Canadian University history. Key issues in the strike included retirement, funding, and institutional governance. In 2001, teaching assistants and contract faculty went on strike for 11 weeks, when the university broke its own record. The central issue in the 2001 disruption was the administration's proposed attempts to remove tuition indexation language.

A strike beginning on 6 November 2008 concerned a variety of institutional grievances, including job security for contract professors, elimination of the Non-Academic Student Code of Conduct, creation of whistleblower protection, and fund indexation. On 20 January 2009, CUPE 3903 defeated a forced ratification vote that would have ended the strike. On 24 January, Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty announced a rare Sunday recall of the provincial legislature in order to pass back-to-work legislation mandating an immediate end to the strike. On 29 January, the York University Labour Disputes Resolution Act was passed in the provincial parliament on a count of 42–8 ending the long 85-day strike and setting a precedent for future university strikes in Ontario.

An additional strike by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants took place throughout March 2015. When the strike began, on 2 March, the university cancelled nearly all classes because about two-thirds of York courses were taught by the striking contract faculty at the time. On 10 March, the contract faculty ratified a new agreement, but the teaching assistants and graduate assistants rejected tentative agreements the bargaining team had reached with the university. The teaching assistants and graduate assistants, continued their strike until the end of the month. Contract faculty did not go back to work in support of the union and classes remained cancelled. The union reached a tentative agreement with the university on 29 March 2015, which was ratified on 31 March 2015, thus putting an immediate end to the 29-day strike. Faiz Ahmed, then Chair of CUPE 3903, highlighted the gains in the new agreement: “This agreement represents a near-total win for our members and will make York a leader with respect to equity issues.” The agreement included improvements to wages and benefits, indexation of tuition, and a plan for the university to add LGBTQ people to their employment equity policies.

Units 1, 2, and 3 of CUPE Local 3903, the union represented by teaching assistants, contract faculty, and graduate assistants, began striking on Monday, 5 March 2018; several months after their previous collective agreement expired on 31 August 2017. The union's aim was to, in their words, "secure a fair collective agreement that, among other things, protected quality education and creates a less precarious working environment in Ontario's university sector". The main issues of the strike revolved around job security and the path to permanent tenured employment for contract faculty. A forced ratification vote was held between 6–9 April and was rejected by an overwhelming majority by all three units. On 13 June, a ratification vote was held for Unit 2 members, where the union executives recommended voting against the university's offer. The results of the vote were thrown out due to the fact that there were more ballots cast than signatures of eligible voters. A re-vote was held on 14 and 15 June, where Unit 2 ratified the university's offer, with 239 members voting in favour, and 122 opposed. Units 1 and 3 remained on strike until 25 July, when the newly formed 42nd Parliament of Ontario led by Premier Doug Ford passed back-to-work legislation via the Urgent Priorities Act, ending the strike after 143 days, making it the longest strike in the post-secondary sector in Canadian history.

After avoiding a strike in 2021, Units 1, 2, and 3 of CUPE 3903 went on strike beginning Monday, 26 February 2024. As in previous years, the union was focused on job stability for contract faculty and wage increases for all three units. The wage issue was twofold. In the renewal collective bargaining agreement, covering 2023 through 2026, the union hoped to win wage increases matching record inflation. In addition, the provincial government passed Bill 124 in 2019, which limited public sector raises to 1% annually. The Court of Appeal for Ontario ruled that Bill 124 violated the right of unions under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to collectively bargain, upholding a lower court's ruling. Rather than further appeal the decision to the Supreme Court, the Ford government instead decided to repeal the law in its entirety, allowing CUPE 3903 and other public sector unions in Ontario to negotiate for retroactive wage increases for the three years that Bill 124 was in effect. On 14 April, CUPE 3903 and York University announced that they had reached a tentative agreement. The agreement was ratified by CUPE 3903's membership on 19 April, ending the strike after 53 days with the union's members returning to work on Monday, 22 April 2024.

* * * * * * • UPACE (1963) Master Plan for the York University Campus. • York University (1998). York Campus Master Plan.