Tarquinia Molza

She also played the viola bastarda, viola da mano, clavier, and lute. Tarquinia Molza was trained in both distinctly male and female singing styles, her contributions helped combine them into the madrigal of the late Renaissance.

Molza was born in Modena, the granddaughter of the poet Francesco Maria Molza, and the daughter of Camillus and Isabella Colombi. She was the eldest of nine brothers and sisters. Her father agreed that she should have the same education as her brothers, and she learned Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and philosophy until she was sixteen. She studied with the scholar Giovanni Berettari, of Modena, called Poliziano, and learned astronomy from the mathematician Antony Guarini. She married Paolo Porrino in 1560, who supported her returning to school, where she studied with Francesco Patrizi. She was widowed by 1579.

Because she was widowed, she was recruited to become the lady-in-waiting to Duchess Margherita Gonzaga d'Este in 1583 and moved to Ferrara, where she became a famous performer, conductor, and composer. Molza was dismissed from her position in 1589 and returned to Modena when she was accused of having an affair with Flemish composer Giaches de Wert. Minor nobility (as ladies-in-waiting to the duchess were considered) were not to involve themselves with members of the servant class (as minor composers such as Wert were considered). She claimed that her relationship with Wert was a friendship, and not sexual.

Molza wrote poetry in Latin and Tuscan dialect; she also wrote essays. Her Latin works include the following poems: De Fonte: "Hoc fonte proprium est blandos inducere somnos" De Cynthio Card. Aldobrandino: "Te celebrate, Cynthi, virtute insigne et ostro." De Eodem: "Tu solus, Cynthi, te ipsum velut alter Apollo." (Untitled): "Felsina clara Virum insignis, at clarior almae."

Many artistic works were dedicated to her; Francesco Patrizi wrote about her singing in his treatise L'amorosa filosofia, and she was perhaps the first singer to have a published biography dedicated to her (Opuscoli inediti di Tarquinia Molza modenese by D. Vandelli). Her name appears among those on the Heritage Floor of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party.