Svetlana Savitskaya

Svetlana Savitskaya studied at Moscow Aviation Institute and Kaluga aviation school. The recorded working language is Russian. Places of work recorded in the authority are Moscow. Employment is recorded with Moscow Aviation Institute, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and State Duma. Positions recorded include member of the State Duma. Distinctions recorded are Order of Lenin, Hero of the Soviet Union, Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class and Order of the Badge of Honour.

• Honorific Suffix — MP • Office — Member of the State Duma (Party List Seat) • Term Start — 29 December 2003 • Office1 — Member of the State Duma for Moscow Oblast • Term Start1 — 17 January 1996 • Term End1 — 29 December 2003 • Predecessor1 — constituency established • Successor1 — Dmitry Sablin • Constituency1 — Sergiyev Posad (No. 113) • Born — 8 August 1948 • Birthplace — Moscow, RSFSR, USSR • Party — * CPRF (from 1993) • CPSU (until 1991) • Spouse — Viktor Khatkovsky • Father — Yevgeny Savitsky • Mother — Lydia Savitskaya • Children — 1 • Blank1 — Religion • Education — * Central United Flight Technical School • Moscow Aviation Institute • Flight Research Institute of the Ministry of Aviation Industry • Moscow Higher Technical School (DPhil) • Occupation — * flight engineer • aviator • flight instructor • politician • Awards — Hero of the Soviet Union (2) • Illustration — Savitskaya on Soyuz T-12, and her spacewalk

Svetlana Savitskaya was born in a privileged family. Her father, Yevgeny Savitsky, was a highly decorated fighter pilot during the Second World War, which later brought him to the position of Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Air Defense. Her mother was a Muscovite Communist party leader. Without the knowledge of her parents, Savitskaya began parachuting at the age of 16. Her father realized her secret extracurricular activity upon the discovery of a parachute knife in his daughter's school bag. After his discovery, he further promoted this tendency. On her seventeenth birthday she already had 450 parachute jumps. Over the next year, she led record stratosphere jumps from 13,800 m and 14,250 m. Over the course of her flying experience, Savitskaya achieved three world record jumps from the stratosphere and 15 world record jumps from jet planes. After graduating in 1966, she enrolled in the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), where she also took flight lessons. In 1971 she was licensed as a flight instructor. After graduating from the MAI in 1972, she trained as a test pilot at the Fedotov Test Pilot School, graduating in 1976. In May 1978 she went to work for the aircraft manufacturer Yakovlev, as a test pilot. In her flight experience, she became the first woman to reach 2,683 km/h in a MiG-25 aircraft. An experienced and highly educated woman in the Soviet Space Program, Savitskaya was reportedly an extremely serious, unbending, and steely woman. Between 1969 and 1977 she was a member of the Soviet national team for aerobatics. At the FAI World Aerobatic Championships in July 1970 at Hullavington, she flew a Yak-18 and won the world championship together with an all-female team. At this particular Championship in the United Kingdom, a journalist for the British Press nicknamed Savitskaya "Miss Sensation". At the 1972 World Championships in Salon-de-Provence she placed third; in 1976 in Kiev with a Yak-50, fifth.

• Illustration — Savitskaya on a 1983 postage stamp In 1979, Savitskaya participated in the selection process for the second group of female cosmonauts. On 30 June 1980, she was officially admitted to the cosmonaut group. Of the nine women selected, Savitskaya was the only test pilot. The group's training was announced during French Air Force officer and astronaut Jean-Loup Chretien's space mission. She passed her exams on 24 February 1982.

In December 1981, Savitskaya prepared for her first space flight, a short-term flight to the space station Salyut 7. She held the position of research cosmonaut on this mission. The mission of this second visiting expedition of the Salyut 7 was to prove the Soviet superiority to America by flying another woman into space and to replace the Soyuz T-5 spacecraft, which the crew would use for their return, with a new vehicle. The commander of this mission was Leonid Popov, with his third flight; it was flight engineer Alexander Serebrov's first flight. The launch of Soyuz T-7 took place on 19 August 1982. This made Savitskaya the second woman in space, 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova. During the journey, Savitskaya claimed to have tied herself down to prevent from being carried into another compartment of the craft due to the loss of gravity. The three cosmonauts docked with the space station the following day, where they were welcomed by Anatoly Berezovoy and Valentin Lebedev. This was the first time a space station had a mixed-gender crew. Savitskaya was assigned the orbital module of Soyuz T-7 as a private area, but slept as well as the men in the space station. On 27 August 1982, Popov, Savitskaya, and Serebrov returned to Earth in Soyuz T-5. The total duration of the mission was 7 days, 21 hours, and 52 minutes.

In December 1983 she was assigned to her second flight, including an extravehicular activity, or EVA, three weeks after American astronaut Kathy Sullivan's flight and EVA assignment were made public. Savitskaya was chosen above other female cosmonauts due to her extensive flight experience and physical ability to perform the necessary operations in a heavy, bulky space suit for multiple hours. Savitskaya participated in this mission under the title of flight engineer. Again, it was to be a short-term mission to Salyut 7, this time bringing tools to the station so that the third resident crew, the Salyut 7 EO-3, could repair a fuel line. On 17 July 1984, Savitskaya launched aboard Soyuz T-12, together with Commander Vladimir Dzhanibekov and research cosmonaut Igor Volk. On 25 July 1984, Savitskaya became the first woman to spacewalk, conducting EVA outside the Salyut 7 space station for 3 hours and 35 minutes, during which she cut and welded metals in space along with her colleague Vladimir Dzhanibekov. The importance of their mission was to test the Universal Hand Tool or Universalny Rabochy Instrument (URI). This tool created at the Paton Institute in Kiev, Ukraine could be used to cut, solder, weld, and braze in space. During the EVA, Savitskaya performed a total of 6 cuts of titanium and stainless steel, 2 coatings of anodized aluminum, 6 tests of tin and lead solder, and test cuts of a 0.5 mm titanium sample. Of the 57 Soviet/Russian spacewalkers through 2010, she is the only woman, and as of April 2020 is still the only Soviet/Russian woman to walk in space. The return to Earth took place on 29 July 1984. Savitskaya's and Dzhanibekov's training and tests allowed for Dzhanibekov to direct two members of the Salyut 7 crew, Kizim and Solovyov, who had performed multiple EVA's to repair the ship, in the techniques to operate the URI in order to fully repair the fuel line. The total duration of their mission lasted 11 days, 19 hours, and 14 minutes.

Upon returning to Earth, Savitskaya was assigned as the commander of an all-female Soyuz crew to Salyut 7 in commemoration of International Women's Day. She was chosen for this duty because she was the only experienced female cosmonaut still on active duty at the time. She was set to command Yekaterina Ivanova and Yelena Dobrokvashina, two younger female cosmonauts. In February 1985, however, the radio contact with Salyut 7 was lost; the space station was rescued by the Soyuz T-13 mission in the summer of 1985. When the next mission had to be stopped in November 1985, due to an illness of the commander Vladimir Vasyutin, the women's flight was finally canceled. In addition, after two unsuccessful flights in 1983, Soyuz T-8 and Soyuz T-10-1, not enough Soyuz spacecraft were available. Later it would have been possible to fly with a Soyuz-TM to the space station Mir. However, this plan was not pursued due to Savitskaya's pregnancy and birth of her son in 1986.

Savitskaya is married and has one child, a son Konstantin born on 7 November 1986. In February 1986, she graduated from the Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School. From 1983 to 1994 Savitskaya held a position of Deputy Head of NPO Energia. A committed communist, Savitskaya was elected as a people's deputy of the USSR from 1989 and a people's deputy of Russia in 1990, a position she held until 1992. She did not welcome the collapse of the Soviet Union, noting that her parents would live a "second death" were they to see Russia as it was. Savitskaya retired in 1993 from the Russian Air Force with the rank of Major. In 1994/95 she worked as an assistant professor in Economics and Investment at the Moscow State Aviation Institute. In 1996, she was elected a deputy of the State Duma representing the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and has been re-elected four times since then. She presently serves as Deputy Chair of the Committee on Defence, and is also a member of the Coordination council presidium of the National Patriotic Union.

• Date — Class — Discipline — Plane — Result • 6 June 1974 — turbojet — Climb to 6000 m — MiG-21 — 1:20.4 min • 6 June 1974 — turbojet — Climb to 9000 m — MiG-21 — 1:46.7 min • 7 June 1974 — turbojet — Climb to 3000 m — MiG-21 — 0:59.1 min • 7 June 1974 — turbojet — Climb to 12000 m — MiG-21 — 2:35.1 min • 15 November 1974 — rocket plane — Climb to 3000 m — MiG-21 — 0:41.2 min • 15 November 1974 — rocket plane — Climb to 9000 m — MiG-21 — 1:21 min • 15 November 1974 — rocket plane — Climb to 12000 m — MiG-21 — 1:59.3 min • 2 June 1975 — turbojet — Speed over 15/25 km — MiG-25 — 2683.45 km/h • 31 August 1977 — turbojet — Altitude in horizontal flight — MiG-25 — 21,209.9 m • 21 October 1977 — turbojet — Speed over circuit of 500 km — MiG-25 — 2466.31 km/h • 12 April 1978 — turbojet — Speed over circuit of 1000 km — MiG-25 — 2333 km/h • 17 January 1979 — internal combustion plane — Climb to 3000 m — Yak-50 — 4:21.4 min • 23 April 1981 — turbojet, take-off weight 16–20 tons — Payload at 2000 m altitude — Yak-40K — 5012 kg • 24 April 1981 — turbojet, take-off weight 12–16 tons — Payload at 2000 m altitude — Yak-40K — 4084 kg

She was employed by Moscow Aviation Institute, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and State Duma. Recorded position is member of the State Duma. She belonged to Académie de l'air et de l'espace, 7th State Duma of the Russian Federation, 6th State Duma of the Russian Federation, 5th State Duma of the Russian Federation and 4th State Duma of the Russian Federation. She worked at Moscow.