Salvador de Madariaga

Salvador de Madariaga studied at Lycée Chaptal, École polytechnique and Mines ParisTech. The recorded working language is Spanish, French and German. Places of work recorded in the authority are Madrid. Employment is recorded with University of Oxford, British Broadcasting Corporation and Radio-Paris. Positions recorded include ambassador of Spain to the United States and ambassador of Spain to France. Work by Salvador de Madariaga is recorded in the collections of Tate. Distinctions recorded are honorary doctor of the University of Lille, Prix de la langue française, Mariano de Cavia' Price and Charlemagne Prize.

• Name — Salvador de Madariaga • Office — 1st President of the Liberal International • Term Start — 20 April 1948 • Term End — 18 April 1952 • Predecessor — Position established • Successor — Roger Motz • Office2 — Seat M of the Real Academia Española • Term Start2 — 2 May 1976 • Term End2 — 14 December 1978 • Predecessor2 — Emilio Gutiérrez Gamero • Successor2 — Carlos Bousoño • Birth Name — Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo • Born — 23 July 1886 • Birthplace — A Coruña, Spain • Died — 14 December 1978 23 July 1886 • Place of death — Locarno, Ticino, Switzerland • Other Party — Mont Pelerin Society • Children — 2, Isabel and Nieves • Occupation — * Writer • Diplomat • Scholar • Awards — Charlemagne Prize (1973)

Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo was born on 23 July 1886 in A Coruña, Galicia, Kingdom of Spain. He graduated with a degree in engineering in Paris, France.

Madariaga returned to Spain and became an engineer for the Northern Spanish Railway Company. He then came into contact with Generación del 14 intellectuals. In 1916, he abandoned that for work in London as a journalist for The Times newspaper. Meanwhile, he began publishing his first essays. In 1921, he became a press member of the Secretariat of the League of Nations and chief of the Disarmament Section in 1922. In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Spanish at Oxford University for three years during which he wrote a book on nation psychology, Englishmen, Frenchmen, Spaniards. In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic appointed Madariaga as Spanish ambassador to the United States and a permanent delegate to the League of Nations; he kept the latter post for five years. Chairing the Council of the League of Nations in January 1932, he condemned Japan's aggression in Manchuria in such vehement terms that he was nicknamed "Don Quijote de la Manchuria". From 1932 to 1934, he served as ambassador to France. In 1933, he was elected to the National Congress and served as both Minister for Education and Minister for Justice. In July 1936, as a classical liberal, he went into exile in England to escape the Spanish Civil War. There, he became a vocal opponent of and organised resistance to the Nationalists and to Francisco Franco's Spanish State. In 1947, he was one of the principal authors of the Oxford Manifesto on liberalism. He participated in the Hague Congress in 1948 as president of the Cultural Commission and he was one of the co-founders in 1949 of the College of Europe. In his writing career, he wrote books and essays about Don Quixote, Christopher Columbus, William Shakespeare's Hamlet, and the history of Latin America. He strongly supported a united and integrated Europe. He wrote in French, German, Spanish, Galician (his mother tongue) and English. In 1973, he won the Charlemagne Prize for his contributions to the European idea and to European peace. In 1976, after Franco's death, Madariaga returned to Spain and became a member of the Spanish Royal Academy.

• Illustration — Madariaga with Antonio Jauregui in Oxford, 1972. In 1912, Madariaga married Constance Archibald, a Scottish economic historian. The couple had two daughters: Nieves Mathews (1917–2003) and the professor and historian Isabel de Madariaga (1919–2014). Constance died in May 1970. In November 1970, he married Emilia Székely de Rauman, who had been his secretary since 1938 and would die in 1991 at 83. Madariaga died at 92 on 16 December 1978, in Locarno, Switzerland.

• Illustration — Old European flag design by Salvador de Madariaga Madariaga wrote books in Spanish, English, French and German. He is best known for the novel El Corazón de Piedra Verde (Heart of Jade).

• The Serene Fountain (1927) • Elegy on the Death of Unamuno (1937) • Elegy at the Death of Federico García Lorca (1938) • Rose of Silt and Ashes (1942) • Romances for Beatriz (1955) • She who Smells of Thyme and Rosemary (1959) • Poppy (1965)

• "Englishman, Frenchman, Spaniard," The Atlantic (April 1928) • "An Admirable Variety: Further Diversities of National Character," The Atlantic (September 1928) • "Disarmament--American Plan," The Atlantic (April 1929) • "Spain: The Politics," The Atlantic (March 1937)

He also worked under the name Julio Arceval. The authorities additionally record the heading Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo. His recorded languages were Spanish, French, German and English. He married Constance Archibald and Emilia Rauman Szeleky. 2 children are recorded: Nieves Mathews and Isabel de Madariaga.

He was employed by University of Oxford, British Broadcasting Corporation and Radio-Paris. Recorded positions include ambassador of Spain to the United States, ambassador of Spain to France, minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, Minister of Justice and Member of the Cortes republicanas. He belonged to Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, Royal Spanish Academy and Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten. He worked at Madrid.

Salvador de Madariaga is recorded as having received honorary doctor of the University of Lille, Prix de la langue française and Mariano de Cavia' Price. Formation and teaching. Madariaga studied at Lycée Chaptal, École polytechnique, Mines ParisTech and University of Oxford. The record notes the qualification Doctor of Sciences.