Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery

The gallery opened to the public in 1926, with the final paintings completed and installed ten years later. The selection and investigation of suitable topics for the paintings was overseen by Kaneko Kentarō, who also served as head of the editorial boards of Dai-Nihon Ishin Shiryō and Meiji Tennōki, major contemporary historiographic undertakings respectively to document the Meiji Restoration (in 4,215 volumes) and the Meiji Emperor and his era (in 260 volumes); as such, the gallery and its paintings may be viewed as a highly visible historiographic project in its own right.

• Name — Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery • Native Name — 聖徳記念絵画館 • Address — 1-1 Kasumigaoka-machi • Location Town — Shinjuku, Tōkyō • Location Country — Japan • Construction Start Date — 3 October 1919 • Completion Date — 22 October 1926 • Opened Date — 23 October 1926 • Floor Count — Single storey, plus basement • Floor Area — 2348.52 sqm • Architect — Kobayashi Masatsugu (design amended by Meiji Jingū Construction Bureau) • Main Contractor — 大倉土木 (now Taisei Corporation) • Website — http: www.meijijingugaien.jp/english/seitoku-gallery.html

In his brief survey of pre-Meiji Japanese imperial portraiture, surviving exemplars of which are known at least from the Kamakura period, Donald Keene writes that these "reveal very little individuality", eschewing realism "instead to convey courtly elegance or Buddhist consecration". A trend that lasted "well into" the nineteenth century, this was in part also an artefact of the artist typically not knowing what the emperor looked like. The earliest, extant though unpublished, photograph of the Meiji Emperor was taken late in 1871 at the Yokosuka Naval Yard. The next photographs were taken the following year, in response to a request by the Iwakura Mission, delegates having observed Western diplomats exchanging portraits of their respective heads of state. When Itō Hirobumi and Ōkubo Toshimichi briefly returned to Tōkyō, they were instructed to return with an official portrait; though they did not take the 1872 photographs, of the young Emperor in court dress, with them when they set off again for the US, the following year two new photographs, this time of the Emperor of Japan in Western dress, were taken and sent on to the Mission with the earlier pair (selected from the seventy-two taken at the first session). The final official photographs of the Emperor were taken later in 1873 after the return of the Mission, with the Emperor, his top-knot now cut off, in the Western military uniform that was to become his customary attire. These photographs were not widely distributed: when in 1874 someone in Tōkyō began selling unauthorized copies, after debate in government about the propriety of selling such, such sale was prohibited. Continuing to circulate nevertheless, the 16 April 1878 edition of the Yomiuri Shimbun featured a reported sighting of one hanging in a house of ill-repute in the Yoshiwara district, and it was not until 1898 that the official ban was lifted. In the meantime, commissioned by Hijikata Hisamoto, Chiossone's 1888 御真影 (pictured above) had come to be widely distributed in the form of reproductions, not least, though initially only upon request, to schools across the country, where it helped foster "patriotism and loyalty to the emperor". Around a dozen incidents have been catalogued, between the mid-1890s and 1947, of teachers risking their lives to save this portrait from tsunami, fire, earthquake, air raid, even theft. Such respect and reticence might be understood in the light of the Meiji Constitution, according to Article 3 of which "The Emperor is sacred and inviolable", as well as Itō Hirobumi's Commentaries on the Constitution, in which he observes that the Tennō should not be the subject of common talk.

• Illustration — Kobayashi Masatsugu's winning design for the Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery • Illustration — Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery shortly before its opening (1926) The Naien or inner precinct of Meiji Jingū was constructed between 1912 and 1920, supported by central government funds. In 1915, the Meiji Shrine Support Committee was established to raise funds for and plan the shrine's Gaien, or outer precinct. After a public competition in 1918, Kobayashi Masatsugu's design was the following year selected from the one hundred and fifty-six submissions received, Furuichi Kōi and Itō Chūta numbering amongst the judges. With some amendment by the shrine's building department, construction began in 1919 and ran until 1926, Ōkura Doboku, a legacy firm of what is now Taisei Corporation, starting their work in 1921. This was temporarily suspended due to the Great Kantō earthquake, after which the scaffolding was taken down and temporary barracks built to shelter victims, some 6,400 of whom were accommodated on the site. Construction resumed in May 1924. Internal finishing works began in 1925 and the building phase was completed late the following year. While Ōkura Doboku were responsible for most of the construction work and finishing, the materials were supplied by the government. Gravel was sourced from a government-owned direct collection site along the Sagami River, Asano Cement, a legacy firm of today's Taiheiyō Cement, provided the cement, and steel was brought at a heavily discounted rate from the government-owned Yahata Steel Works, the connecting railways and steamships carrying the loads at half the usual freight rate as their contribution to this important national project. Of reinforced concrete, the gallery extends some 112 m from east to west and 34 m from north to south, rising to a height of 32 m at the apex of the central dome, its two wings standing some 16 m high. The outer walls are faced with Mannari granite from Okayama Prefecture, copper sheeting covering much of the roof. The interior takes the form of a spacious central hall, beneath the dome, clad in domestically-sourced marble (56% from Mino-Akasaka in Gifu Prefecture, the remainder from Ehime, Fukushima, Gunma, Okayama, Yamaguchi, &c) and with a marble and mosaic tiled floor; the two painting galleries open off to the sides, each with forty paintings, to the right the first forty nihonga, to the left the forty yōga. One of the earliest museum buildings in the country, the architecture, in which straight lines are emphasized, is "memorable, solid, and stately", and in June 2011 the gallery was designated an Important Cultural Property, for its "excellence of design" and "superior construction techniques", in particular those used in the shell dome and for the lighting the painting galleries, which are naturally lit from above. Completed on 22 October 1926, the Gallery specially opened to the public for one day the following day, although at this point only five paintings had been dedicated, one nihonga, four yōga. The same year also saw the dedication of the Gaien or Meiji Shrine's outer gardens, covering some 77 acre. From 1 October 1927 the Gallery was open on weekends and public holidays only. 21 April 1936 saw a special commemorative ceremony on the completion of the paintings and exactly one year later the Gallery opened to the public on a full-time basis. In December 1944 the Gallery closed due to the war situation. With the US Occupation, the Gallery was requisitioned by occupying forces (cf., the Bayreuth Festspielhaus), a state of affairs that continued until 1952. More recently, in 2005 2,200 glass plates from the time of construction were found in a gallery storeroom.

Discussion of which topics should be selected for the paintings began at committee level at the beginning of 1916 and, two years later, eighty-five possible subjects were selected, those rejected including Commodore Perry's Arrival at Uruga. Later in 1918 a panel of five began their research trips across Japan, to confirm suitability, document locations, and draft explanatory texts, amongst them Goseda Hōryū, who prepared "provisional paintings". In 1921 the final eighty were proposed, and these were approved the following year. A recent analysis of the subject matter of the paintings has highlighted their range of topic (11 showing palace scenes, 10 grand politics, 11 diplomacy, 18 military, 8 economy, 4 education, 3 health, 3 religion, 1 transport, 5 "love for the people", the remainder cultural pursuits and/or visits to prominent figures), geographic setting (15 in Kyōto, 37 in Tōkyō, also Hokkaidō, Tōhoku, Kantō, Kinki, Chūgoku, Kyūshū, Okinawa, also Taiwan, Manchuria, Korea, Karafuto, and the US, as well as domestic waters and the high seas), and how neither Emperor nor Empress appear in a quarter of the paintings, the Emperor hidden in a further thirteen (the remainder: 15 Emperor standing (including 1 with the Empress), 12 sitting (including 2 with the Empress), 5 riding, 1 in a carriage, 8 the Empress (standing), 1 the Empress (hidden)).

While there are eighty paintings, there are not quite eighty different artists, Kondō Shōsen and Yūki Somei responsible for two, and Kobori Tomoto for three. The pictures each measure approximately 3 m by 2.5 m to 2.7 m; as such together they run almost 250 m and, at this scale, are sometimes described as "murals". Tosa washi was selected as the official support for the paintings, although not all artists chose to use it. • Painting — Date of event — Painter — Dedication of painting — Comments — Image — Dedicator • 1 — The Birth of Emperor Meiji Go-kōtan — 3 November 1852 — Takahashi Shūka (1877–1953) — July 1930 — depicted is the Lying-in Chamber, erected by the future emperor's maternal grandfather Nakayama Tadayasu in the grounds of Kyoto Imperial Palace — • 2 — The Rites of Growth On-fukasogi — Kitano Tsunetomi (1880–1947) — November 1934 — ceremonial dressing of the hair, performed by Minister of the Left Ichijō Tadaka in the Omima — • 3 — Investiture of the Crown Prince Ritsu shinnō senge — 10 November 1860 — Hashimoto Eihō (1886–1944) — June 1931 — Nijō Nariyuki presents the imperial proclamation at the Palace — • 4 — Accession to the Throne Senso — 13 February 1867 — Kawasaki Shōko (1886–1977) — August 1930 — the Emperor, aged fifteen, appointed Nijō Nariyuki as regent in the Seiryōden on the day of his accession — (not public domain until 2047) • 5 — Resignation of the Last Shōgun Taisei hōkan — 7 November 1867 — Murata Tanryō (1872–1940) — October 1935 — Tokugawa Yoshinobu informs officials of his decision at Nijō-jō — • 6 — Restoration of Imperial Rule Ōsei-fukko — 3 January 1868 — Shimada Bokusen (1867–1943) — March 1931 — the Emperor abolishes the offices of Sesshō, Kampaku, and Shōgun — • 7 — The Battles of Toba and Fushimi Fushimi-Toba-sen — 29 January 1868 — Matsubayashi Keigetsu (1876–1963) — July 1933 • 8 — Attainment of Majority Ceremony Go-genpuku — 8 February 1868 — Itō Kōun (1880–1939) — November 1928 — held shortly after the Emperor turned 16; his hairstyle was changed, he donned the robes of manhood, and he was crowned by Prince Fushimi Kuniie — • 9 — The Emperor's Visit to the Dajōkan Nijō-jō Dakōjan dai-gyōkō — 25 February 1868 — Kobori Tomoto (1864–1931) — April 1933 — the Emperor was conveyed to Nijō-jō by palanquin — • 10 — The Imperial Army Leaves Kyōto Dai-sōtoku Taruhito shinnō Kyōto shinpatsu — 8 March 1868 — Takatori Wakanari (1867–1935) — September 1931 — Prince Arisugawa Taruhito salutes the Emperor in front of the Kenreimon before setting out for Edo — • 11 — The Emperor Receives Foreign Ministers Kakkoku kōshi shōken — 23 March 1868 — Hiroshima Kōho (1889–1951) — November 1930 — the Emperor receives Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek; to the left and right of the imperial dais are Prince Yamashina Akira and Iwakura Tomomi — • 12 — Proclamation of the Imperial Oath Gokajō no go-seimon — 6 April 1868 — Inui Nanyō (1870–1940) — April 1928 — Sanjō Sanetomi reads the Oath in Five Articles — • 13 — The Surrender of Yedo Castle Edo kaijō danpan — 6 April 1868 — Yūki Somei (1875–1957) — December 1935 — Saigō Takamori and Katsu Kaishū negotiate the surrender without bloodshed of Edo Castle — • 14 — The Emperor Reviewing Clan Warships Ōsaka gyōkō shohan gunkan goran — 18 April 1868 — Okada Saburōsuke (1869–1939) — April 1936 — in Ōsaka Bay — • 15 — Enthronement of the Emperor Sokui no rei — 12 October 1868 — Ikai Shōkoku (1881–1939) — December 1934 — in the grounds of Kyōto Imperial Palace — • 16 — The Emperor Viewing Rice Harvest Nōmin shūkaku goran — 11 November 1868 — Morimura Gitō (1872–1938) — August 1930 — in Hatchōnowate, Owari Province, while en route to Tōkyō — • 17 — The Emperor Arriving in Tōkyō Tōkyō go-chakuren — 26 November 1868 — Kobori Tomoto (1864–1931) — October 1934 — arrival at Edo Castle — • 18 — Installation of the Empress Kōgō no sakuritsu — 9 February 1869 — Suga Tatehiko (1878–1963) — December 1935 — Princess Haruko arrived at the Kyōto Imperial Palace in the traditional ox-cart — • 19 — The Emperor at the Grand Shrine of Ise Jingū shinetsu — 23 April 1869 — Matsuoka Eikyū (1881–1938) — April 1927 — the Emperor left Kyōto for Tōkyō for the second time on 8 April 1869, stopping en route at Ise Jingū — • 20 — The End of the Feudal Clans Haihan chiken — 29 August 1871 — Kobori Tomoto (1864–1931) — September 1931 — Sanjō Sanetomi reads the edict — • 21 — The Iwakura Mission to America and Europe Iwakura taishi Ōbei haken — 23 December 1871 — Yamaguchi Hōshun (1893–1971) — December 1934 — the party board the steamship SS America in the Port of Yokohama — (not public domain until 2041) • 22 — The Great Imperial Thanksgiving Rite Daijō-sai — 28 December 1871 — Maeda Seison (1885–1977) — July 1933 — performed once by each emperor; the Emperor offers up newly harvested rice and sake — (not public domain until 2047) • 23 — Imperial Tour of Chūgoku and Kyūshū (Entering Nagasaki Port) Chūgoku Saikoku junkō (Nagasaki go-nyūkō) — 19 July 1872 — Yamamoto Morinosuke (1877–1928) — December 1928 — aboard the ironclad Ryūjō — • 24 — Imperial Tour of Chūgoku and Kyūshū (The Emperor in Kagoshima) Chūgoku Saikoku junkō (Kagoshima chakugyo) — 27 July 1872 — Yamanouchi Tamon (1878–1932) — November 1930 — the imperial entourage enters the Shimazu residence, where the Emperor stayed nine days — • 25 — Opening of the Tokyo-Yokohama Railway Keihin tetsudō kaigyō-shiki gyōkō — 14 October 1872 — Komura Daiun (1883–1938) — June 1935 — the Emperor arrives at Shimbashi Station by carriage before proceeding to Yokohama Station by train — • 26 — Establishment of the Ryūkyū Clan Ryūkyū-han setchi — 3 March 1873 — Yamada Shinzan (1885–1977) — December 1928 — in 1872 Shō Tai, last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, sent an envoy to Tōkyō; the ship is shown returning to Naha — (not public domain until 2047) • 27 — The Emperor Reviewing Military Manoeuvres Narashino-no-hara enshū gyōkō — 30 April 1873 — Koyama Eitatsu (1880–1945) — September 1929 — on the Narashino Plain in Chiba Prefecture — • 28 — The Empress at a Silk Factory Tomioka seishijō gyōkei — 24 June 1873 — Arai Kampō (1878–1945) — February 1933 — Empress Shōken and Empress Dowager Eishō visit Tomioka Silk Mill — • 29 — The Emperor Drilling Soldiers Go-renbei — Machida Kyokukō (1879–1967) — November 1928 — on the grounds of the Akasaka Temporary Palace — — Bank Jūgo • 30 — His Majesty at Lecture Jikō shinkō — Dōmoto Inshō (1891–1975) — October 1934 — Motoda Nagasane lectures to the Emperor — (not public domain until 2045) • 31 — The Emperor on a Personal Visit Tokugawa-tei gyōkō — 4 April 1875 — Kimura Buzan (1876–1942) — December 1930 — while viewing cherry blossoms at the residence of Tokugawa Akitake, the Emperor composed a tanka in honour of the loyalty of his host's forebears Tokugawa Mitsukuni and Tokugawa Nariaki — • 32 — The Empress Viewing Rice-Planting Kōgō-miya taue goran — 18 June 1875 — Kondō Shōsen (c.1866–1951) — December 1927 — in the grounds of the Akasaka Temporary Palace — • 33 — The First Conference of Governors Chihōkan kaigi ringyo — 20 June 1875 — Isoda Chōshū (1880–1947) — January 1928 — • 34 — The Empress at a School for Girls Joshi shihan gakkō gyōkei — 29 November 1875 — Yazawa Gengetsu (1886–1952) — April 1934 — the Empress attends the opening ceremony of Tokyo Normal School for Girls — — Oinkai • 35 — The Emperor Inspecting Horses Ōu junkō bahitsu goran — 7 July 1876 — Neagari Tomiji (1895–1981) — October 1934 — at Morioka Hachimangū — (not public domain until 2051) • 36 — The Imperial Mausoleum at Unebi Unebi-ryō shinetsu — 11 February 1877 — Yoshida Shūkō (1887–1946) — January 1932 — the Emperor worships at the mausoleum of Emperor Jimmu at Unebi — • 37 — The Siege of Kumamoto Castle Seinan-eki Kumamoto rōjō — March 1877 — Kondō Shōsen (c.1866–1951) — October 1926 — rebels under Saigō Takamori shell Kumamoto Castle during the Satsuma Rebellion — • 38 — Attending an Industrial Exhibit Naikoku kangyō hakurankai gyōkō kei — 21 August 1877 — Yūki Somei (1875–1957) — April 1936 — The Emperor and Empress attend the First National Industrial Exhibition in Ueno Park — • 39 — The Emperor and Empress Dowager at a Noh Play Nōgaku goran — 5 July 1878 — Konoshima Ōkoku (1877–1938) — December 1934 — at the Aoyama Palace — • 40 — The Empress Composing a Poem Hatsu-gan no o-uta — 26 September 1878 — Kaburagi Kiyotaka (1878–1972) — February 1932 — Empress Shōken composed over thirty thousand poems, including one linking the flight of the wild geese she saw at the Akasaka Temporary Palace with the absent Emperor; her ladies-in-waiting subsequently sent the poem to the Emperor — (not public domain until 2042) • 41 — The Emperor Meeting General U. S. Grant Guranto shōgun to o-taiwa — 10 August 1879 — Ōkubo Sakujirō (1890–1973) — July 1930 — the Emperor and Grant met at the Hama-rikyū Detached Palace, Yoshida Kiyonari serving as interpreter — (not public domain until 2043) • 42 — The Emperor in Hokkaidō Hokkaidō junkō tondenhei goran — 1 September 1881 — Takamura Shimpu (1876–1955) — August 1928 — the Emperor visits a tondenhei community in the village of 山鼻村, now Sapporo — • 43 — Visiting a Silver Mine Yamagata Akita junkō kōzan o — 21 September 1881 — Gomi Seikichi (1886–1954) — October 1926 — at Innai Silver Mine in Akita Prefecture — • 44 — Establishment of the Monetary Conversion System Dakan seido go-jijō — 14 October 1881 — Matsuoka Hisashi (1862–1944) — February 1928 — Minister of the Treasury Matsukata Masayoshi explains the currency conversion system to the Emperor — • 45 — Imperial Mandate for the Army and Navy Gunjin chokuyu kashi — 4 January 1882 — Terasaki Takeo (1883–1967) — October 1926 — the Emperor hands the mandate to Army Minister Ōyama Iwao — • 46 — Conference on the Revision of Treaties Jōyaku kaisei kaigi — 5 April 1882 — Ueno Hiroichi (1886–1964) — January 1931 — Minister of Foreign Affairs Inoue Kaoru delivers a speech — • 47 — The Emperor Visiting a Sick Iwakura Iwakura-tei gyōkō — 19 July 1883 — Kita Renzō (1877–1953) — January 1927 — Iwakura Tomomi died the following day — • 48 — The Empress at the Peeress' School Kazoku jogakkō gyōkei — 3 November 1885 — Atomi Yutaka (1884–1953) — November 1927 — Empress Shōken listens to the Principal reading a congratulatory message to the assembled students and teachers — — group Tokiwakai • 49 — Patroness of the Tokyo Charity Hospital Tōkyō jikei iin gyōkei — Mitsutani Kunishirō (1874–1936) — Empress Shōken donated annually to the hospital and visited regularly — — group Tokyo Jikeikai • 50 — Conference on Drafting a Constitution Sūmitsuin kenpō kaigi — 18 June 1888 — 五姓田芳柳 (1864–1943) — October 1926 — Itō Hirobumi explains the draft of the Meiji Constitution to the Emperor and the Privy Council — • 51 — Promulgation of the Constitution Kenpō happu shiki — 11 February 1889 — Wada Eisaku (1874–1959) — April 1936 — the Emperor hands the Meiji Constitution to Prime Minister Kuroda Kiyotaka at a ceremony in the Imperial Palace — • 52 — Grand Parade to Celebrate the Constitution Kenpō happu kanpei shiki gyōkō kei — 11 February 1889 — Katata Tokurō (1889–1934) — February 1928 — after promulgation of the Meiji Constitution, the Emperor and Empress leave the Imperial Palace on their way to the Aoyama Parade Grounds for a military review — • 53 — Poetry Party at the Imperial Palace Uta-gokai hajime — 18 January 1890 — Yamashita Shintarō (1881–1966) — December 1927 — held in the Phoenix Hall at the Imperial Palace, with poems composed on the topic of the celebration of national prosperity — • 54 — The Emperor at Joint Military Manoeuvres Rikukaigun dai-enshū go-tōkan — 31 March 1890 — Nahahara Kōtarō (1864–1930) — the Emperor watches from a hill near Nagoya during a rain storm — • 55 — The Imperial Rescript on Education Kyōiku chokugo kashi — 30 October 1890 — Ataka Yasugorō (1883–1960) — November 1930 — Prime Minister Yamagata Aritomo (in front) and Minister of Education Yoshikawa Akimasa (behind) leave the Imperial Palace with the Rescript — — group Meikeikai • 56 — Inauguration of the First Imperial Diet Teikoku Gikai kaiin shiki ringyo — 29 November 1890 — Kosugi Misei (1881–1964) — September 1928 — Itō Hirobumi, Speaker of the House of Peers, receives the Emperor's message, while Speaker of the House of Representatives Nakajima Nobuyuki stands below — • 57 — Silver Wedding Anniversary of the Emperor Daikon nijūgo-nen shukuten — 9 March 1894 — Hasegawa Noboru (1886–1973) — June 1927 — a performance of traditional dances in the Imperial Palace — (not public domain until 2043) • 58 — The Battle of Pyongyang Nisshin-eki Pyon'yan-sen — 15 September 1894 — Kanayama Heizō (1883–1964) — December 1933 — the Mixed Ninth Brigade, under General Ōshima Yoshimasa, in action, during the First Sino-Japanese War — • 59 — The Battle of the Yellow Sea Nisshin'eki Kō-kai kaisen — 17 September 1894 — Ōta Kijirō (1883–1951) — July 1934 — the Japanese fleet, under Admiral Itō Sukeyuki, engages the Chinese — • 60 — The Emperor at Imperial Headquarters Hiroshima daihon'ei gunmu shinsai — Minami Kunzō (1883–1950) — July 1928 — the Emperor as Supreme Commander is briefed by Vice-Chief of the General Staff Kawakami Sōroku at headquarters in Hiroshima — • 61 — The Empress Visiting Wounded Soldiers Hiroshima yobi byōin gyōkei — 22 March 1895 — Ishii Hakutei (1882–1958) — December 1929 — Empress Shōken visits the Army Auxiliary Hospital in Hiroshima — • 62 — Peace Conference at Shimonoseki Shimonoseki kōwa danpan — 17 April 1895 — Nagatochi Hideta (1873–1942) — the signing of the treaty — • 63 — Restoration of Peace in Taiwan Taiwan chintei — 11 June 1895 — Ishikawa Toraji (1875–1964) — April 1928 — Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa enters Taipei — • 64 — The Emperor at Yasukuni Shrine Yasukuni Jinja gyōkō — 17 December 1895 — Shimizu Yoshio (1891–1954) — July 1929 — the Emperor ascends the stairs to honour those who fell in the First Sino-Japanese War — — Bank Daiichi • 65 — Shintenfu Hall Shintenfu — March 1897 — Kawamura Kiyoo (1852–1934) — October 1931 — the hall was built in the grounds of the Imperial Palace to house items relating to the war, including photographs of all the officers and the names of all the dead — • 66 — The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Alliance Nichiei dōmei — 12 February 1902 — Yamamoto Kanae (1882–1946) — October 1932 — Prime Minister Katsura Tarō reads the Treaty to the House of Peers — • 67 — The Empress at a Red Cross Meeting Akajūji-sha sōkai gyōkei — 21 October 1902 — Yuasa Ichirō (1869–1931) — July 1929 — Empress Shōken addresses the 11th General Meeting of the Japanese Red Cross Society in Ueno Park — • 68 — Declaration of War with Russia tai-Ro sensen fukoku gozen kaigi — 4 February 1904 — Yoshida Shigeru (1883–1953) — March 1934 — the Emperor, Prime Minister Katsura Tarō, elder statesman Itō Hirobumi, and others agree to the declaration of war with Russia at a Gozen Kaigi — • 69 — The Surrender of Port Arthur Nichiro-eki ryojun kaijō — 5 January 1905 — Arai Rokuo (1885–1972) — October 1928 — General Anatoly Stessel presents his horse to General Nogi Maresuke in the village where the surrender was signed three days earlier — (not public domain until 2042) • 70 — The Battle of Mukden Nochiro-eki Hōten-sen — 15 March 1905 — Kanokogi Takeshirō (1874–1941) — October 1926 — General Ōyama Iwao and his staff enter the South Gate of Mukden, after the city fell on the 10th — • 71 — The Battle of the Japan Sea Nichiro-eki Nihon-kai kaisen — Nakamura Fusetsu (1866–1943) — October 1928 — Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō's flagship, the Mikasa, leads the Japanese fleet into action at the Battle of Tsushima — • 72 — The Portsmouth Peace Conference Pōtsumasu kōwa danpan — 5 September 1905 — Shirataki Ikunosuke (1873–1960) — November 1931 — Komura Jutarō, Sergei Witte, and others sign the Treaty, bringing to an end the Russo-Japanese War — • 73 — The Triumphal Grand Naval Review Gaisen kankan shiki — 23 October 1905 — Tōjō Shōtarō (1865–1929) — the Emperor aboard the Asama reviews the Combined Fleet in Yokohama Bay on 23 October 1905, with Commander-in-Chief Tōgō Heihachirō to his left and the future Taishō Emperor to his right, flanked in turn by Navy Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe and Chief of the Navy General Staff Itō Sukeyuki; over 160 vessels took part in the 1905 Triumphal Grand Review that celebrated the navy's contribution to victory in the Russo-Japanese War — • 74 — The Triumphal Grand Army Review Gaisen kanbei shiki — 30 April 1906 — Kobayashi Mango (1870–1947) — December 1931 — the Emperor reviews the troops at the Aoyama Parade Grounds, with Ōyama Iwao riding behind — • 75 — Demarcation of the Sakhalin Frontier Karafuto kokkyō kakutei — June 1906 — Yasuda Minoru (1881–1965) — December 1932 — Japanese and Russian representatives designate the boundary marker on the 50th parallel, after the Treaty of Portsmouth — • 76 — The Chrysanthemum Garden Party Kangikukai — 19 November 1909 — Nakazawa Hiromitsu (1874–1964) — the Emperor and Empress attend the party at the Akasaka Palace for the first time — • 77 — The Union of Korea and Japan Nikkan gappō — 22 August 1910 — Tsuji Hisashi (1884–1974) — October 1927 — depicted is the Namdaemun at the time of annexation — (not public domain until 2044) • 78 — The Emperor at Tokyo Imperial University Tōkyō Teikoku Daigaku gyōkō — 10 July 1912 — Fujishima Takeji (1867–1943) — April 1936 — the arrival of the Emperor for the graduation ceremonies — • 79 — The Emperor's Final Illness Fuyo — July 1912 — Tanabe Itaru (1886–1968) — March 1927 — as the Emperor's condition worsened, people gather outside the Tokyo Imperial Palace to pray for his recovery — (not public domain until 2038) • 80 — The Imperial Funeral Taisō — 14 September 1912 — Wada Sanzō (1883–1967) — July 1933 — after a ceremony at the Aoyama Funeral Pavilion in Tōkyō on 13 September, the Emperor's coffin was taken by train to Kyōto, before being conveyed to Fushimi Momoyama no Misasagi

• Illustration — 1901 image of the Galerie des Batailles at the Palace of Versailles; Terasaki Takeo, artist of painting #45, included an image in a report in which he cited Napoleon's "triumphal appropriation" of mural painting for nation-building purposes • Illustration — 1929 image of the Galerie des Rubens at the Louvre; Terasaki Takeo similarly included an image in his report, preferring this room for its spacing between the paintings and the way they are emphasized by the less ornate envelope • Illustration — Interior of the Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery in 1927, from the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, with many of the paintings yet to be completed and installed • Illustration — Interior, in a 1932 Meiji Jingū publication • Illustration — Interior, in a 1937 Meiji Jingū publication • Illustration — Kobayashi Masatsugu's winning design for the Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery; front • Illustration — Rear • Illustration — Front and rear elevations • Illustration — Cross sections • Illustration — Ground floor plan • Illustration — Basement plan • Illustration — Detail of ornamentation • Illustration — 2007 image of the central entrance as realized, showing rustication of the lower courses, dentilation, glyphs, engaged pilasters in the wings, and stained glass windows • Illustration — 1948 aerial photograph of Meiji Jingū Gaien and its environs, with the Gallery just above the centre, and the ginkgo avenue • Illustration — Plan of main floor, as realized (this and the following eleven images are from the December 1926 issue of The Koji Gaho, a former journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers) • Illustration — Plan of the lower floor, as realized • Illustration — Side view, showing clearly the rustication of the lower courses • Illustration — Rear view, with a memorial tree in place of the structure proposed • Illustration — Front entrance, with bronze doors • Illustration — Stained glass windows, near the entrance • Illustration — Central hall, with marble cladding and a marble and mosaic tile floor • Illustration — View of the dome, above the central hall • Illustration — Gallery view • Illustration — The rest room • Illustration — The lower rest room • Illustration — The "Switching Room" • Illustration — Unimplemented 1935 proposal for the central hall, by Itō Kōun, artist of painting #08