Louis Agassiz Fuertes

Louis Agassiz Fuertes studied at Cornell University. The recorded working language is English. John James Audubon is recorded as an influence. Places of work recorded in the authority are Ithaca. Employment is recorded with Cornell University. Work by Louis Agassiz Fuertes is recorded in the collections of Smithsonian American Art Museum and Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art. Distinctions recorded are Honorary Scout.

• Name — Louis Agassiz Fuertes • Born — February 7, 1874 • Birthplace — Ithaca, New York, US • Died — 22 August 1927 • Place of death — Railroad crossing near Unadilla, New York, US • Occupation — Ornithologist, illustrator and artist • Spouse — Margaret F. Sumner • Children — 2 • Father — Estevan Fuertes • Mother — Mary Stone Perry Fuertes • Education — Cornell University • Relatives — Elliott Coues (uncle), James Hillhouse Fuertes (brother) • Known for — Paintings of birds

• Illustration — Barn swallow from The Second Book of Birds, 1901

Fuertes was born in Ithaca, New York, and was the son of Puerto Rican astronomer and civil engineer Estevan Fuertes and Mary Stone Perry Fuertes. His father was the founding professor of the School of Civil Engineering at Cornell University, and for many years served as the dean of the college. Estevan named his son after the Swiss-born American naturalist Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, who had died the year before. Fuertes's mother, born in Troy, New York, was of Dutch ancestry. Young Louis became interested in birds at a very early age, killing birds with a slingshot and examining them carefully. As a child, he had been influenced by John James Audubon's The Birds of America. At the age of fourteen, he made his first painting of a live bird, a male red crossbill. He learned to keep careful records of the appearance, habits and voices of birds. In 1890, he sent a specimen that he collected to the Smithsonian and received stellar praise and glowing comments on its rarity and accuracy and in 1891, at the age of 17, Louis became the youngest member ever named as an Associate Member of the American Ornithologists' Union. He was encouraged by his father's colleagues at Cornell including Burt G. Wilder and Liberty H. Bailey. In June 1892, he accompanied his parents to Europe and sketched birds and animals at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. In September, he joined the Institute of Keller, a school in Zurich, staying on for a year.

Returning to the United States, he enrolled in Cornell in 1893, choosing to study architecture. His older brother James, however shared in a memoir that Louis lacked a passion for geometry and mathematics and would often fall asleep when James tried to coach him. During one college lecture, Louis climbed out a classroom window and sat completely still in a tree to investigate a strange bird call he had never heard before. His interest in singing led him to join the Cornell University Glee Club. In 1894, the Glee Club went on a tour to Washington, D.C., where another member of the club suggested that Louis meet his uncle Elliott Coues, who was also keenly interested in birds. This meeting was a turning point, as Coues recognized Fuertes' talent and spread the word about his already distinguished work. In 1895 Coues exhibited fifty of the works of Fuertes at the Congress of the American Ornithologists' Union at Washington, a meeting that Louis was unable to attend. He received the first of his many commissions for illustrating birds while still an undergraduate. At Cornell, he was elected to the Sphinx Head Society, the oldest senior honor society at the university. He was also a member of Alpha Delta Phi which he joined having been lifelong friends with famed horticulturalist and naturalist Theodore Luqueer Mead, one of his father's former students and member of the fraternity. In 1896, Coues invited Fuertes to attend the Ornithological Congress at Cambridge in England.

• Illustration — Fuertes and baboon, Abyssinian Expedition (1927) After graduating from Cornell in 1897 he became an apprentice to the painter Abbott H. Thayer. In 1898, he made his first expedition, with Thayer and his son Gerald, to Florida. In 1899, Fuertes accompanied E. H. Harriman on his famous exploration of the Alaska coastline, the Harriman Alaska Expedition. Fuertes later traveled across much of the United States and to many countries in pursuit of birds, including the Bahamas, Jamaica, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, and Ethiopia. Fuertes collaborated with Frank Chapman, curator of the American Museum of Natural History, on many assignments including field research, background dioramas at the museum, and book illustrations. While on a collecting expedition with Chapman in Mexico, Fuertes discovered a species of oriole. Chapman named it Icterus fuertesi, commonly called Fuertes's oriole after his friend. In 1904 Fuertes married Margaret F. Sumner and they had a son, Louis Sumner, and a daughter, Mary. Fuertes regularly lectured on ornithology at Cornell University beginning in 1923. Fuertes was an able imitator of bird song and even made a trial recording for a Victor record in 1913. In 1926–27 he participated in the Field Museum's Abyssinian Expedition led by Wilfred Hudson Osgood. He produced some of his most exquisite bird and mammal watercolors as a result of this trip.

Upon his return from Ethiopia, Fuertes visited Frank Chapman at Tannersville, New York. Returning from the meeting, his car was hit by a train at a railroad crossing near Unadilla, New York, and he was killed. A load of hay had concealed the oncoming train. His wife was seriously injured but survived. Despite the collision, the paintings he carried all survived undamaged. This collection was later purchased from Mrs. Fuertes by C. Suydam Cutting. Fuertes is buried at Lake View Cemetery in Ithaca, New York.

• Illustration — Black-headed Heron, watercolor (1927) Fuertes' earliest commissions included 25 large decorative panels for F. F. Brewster of New Haven, Connecticut. This was followed by some murals at the Flamingo Hotel, of Miami, Florida and some paintings for the New York Zoological Society. He was much sought after later, illustrating books, plates for journals and magazine. Working with impressions from the field and from freshly collected specimens, Fuertes' works are considered some of the most accurate and natural depictions of birds. He had an ability to capture the bird in action and reproduce illustrations from a mental image. Apart from illustrations, he wrote some full length articles including one on falconry in the National Geographic and another on dogs. The cover of the journal Auk published by the American Ornithologists' Union was designed by Fuertes. Some of the books that he illustrated include: • A-Birding on a Bronco, by Florence A. Merriam, 1896 (scanned) • Citizen Bird by Mabel Osgood Wright and Elliott Coues. Macmillan Company, 1896 (1923 reprint) • Song Birds and Water Fowl, by H E Parkhurst, 1897 (scanned) • Bird Craft, by M. Osgood Wright, 1897 (1900 reprint) • The Woodpeckers, by F H Eckstorm, 1901 (scanned) • Second Book of Birds, by Olive Thorne Miller (pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Mann Miller), 1901 (scanned) • Birds of the Rockies, by Leander S. Keyser 1902 (scanned) • Handbook of Birds of Western North America, by Frank Chapman, 1902 (1904 reprint) • Upland Game Birds, by Edwyn Sandys and T S van Dyke, 1902 (scanned) • Key to North American Birds by Elliott Coues, 1903 (scanned) • Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America, by Frank M. Chapman, 1904 (scanned) • Birds of New York by Elon Howard Eaton, 1910 (scanned) • Wild Animals of North America by Edward W. Nelson, 1918 (scanned) • The Burgess Bird Book for Children, by Thornton W. Burgess, 1919 The Burgess Bird Book For Children • Birds of Massachusetts and Other New England States by Edward Howe Forbush, 1925 (1927 edition) • Artist and Naturalist in Ethiopia by Wilfred Hudson Osgood. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1936 • The Bird Life of Texas by Harry Church Oberholser. University of Texas Press, 1974

• Illustration — Cardinal, from Citizen Bird (1897) • Illustration — Eastern kingbird, from The Second Book of Birds (1901) • Illustration — Williamson's sapsucker, from Birds of the Rockies (1902) • Illustration — alt=Gelada baboon Gelada baboon from Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals (1930) • Illustration — Chestnut-backed chickadee, from Harriman Alaska Series (1904) • Illustration — Pomarine jaeger, from Harriman Alaska Series (1904) • Illustration — Yellow-throated warbler, from Warblers of North America (1907) • Illustration — Great horned owl, from United States Department of Agriculture Yearbook (1908) • Illustration — Goshawk, from Birds of New York (1910–1914) • Illustration — Nightjars, from Birds of New York (1910–1914) • Illustration — Pileated woodpecker, from Birds of New York (1910–1914) • Illustration — Magnolia warbler, from The Warblers of North America (National Geographic, 1917) • Illustration — White-faced ibis, from Game Birds of California (1918) • Illustration — Silvery-cheeked hornbill, from Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals (1930) • Illustration — Black-bellied bustard, from Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals (1930) • Illustration — African fish eagle, from Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals (1930) • Illustration — Flamingo mural at the American Museum of Natural History • Illustration — alt=Secretary bird Secretary bird, from Album of Abyssinian Birds and Mammals (1930)

The authorities additionally record the headings Louis A. Fuertes and Louis Agassize Fuertes. His recorded language was English. He was the child of Estevan Antonio Fuertes.

Allen; introduction by John Hay; illustrations by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Recorded as painter, ornithologist, zoologist and illustrator.

• Boynton, Mary Fuertes (Ed.) 1956. Louis Agassiz Fuertes: his life briefly told and his correspondence. Oxford University Press. • Norelli, Martina R. American Wildlife Painting (Fuertes, Audubon, Heade, Wilson, Thayer, Catesby) Watson-Guptill Publications, 1975.