Leonard Feeney
Leonard Edward Feeney (February 18, 1897 – January 30, 1978) was an American Jesuit Catholic priest, poet, lyricist, and essayist. He articulated a strict interpretation of the Catholic doctrine extra Ecclesiam nulla salus ("outside the Church there is no salvation"). He took the position that baptism of blood and baptism of desire are unavailing and that therefore non-Catholics will not be saved.
Also recorded as Leonard Edward Feeney
Leonard Feeney
- Name
- Leonard Edward Feeney
- Born
- 18 February 1897
- Birthplace
- Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S.
- Died
- 30 January 1978
- Place of death
- Ayer, Massachusetts, U.S.
- Occupation
- Priest, poet, lyricist, editor, chaplain
- Known for
- Feeneyism
- Nationality
- United States
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Documentary evidence
Documentary basis
Authority files
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The documentary record
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Institutions cited
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
Not stated by the sources cited: nationality
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Biography
Biography
This position is called Feeneyism, coming from his last name. Fighting against what he perceived to be the liberalization of Catholic doctrine, he was excommunicated by the Holy See in 1953. Feeney reconciled with the church in 1972, though never recanted his controversial views on salvation. He was described as Boston's homegrown version of Father Charles Coughlin for his antisemitism.
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Leonard Edward Feeney • Honorific Suffix — SJ • Born — 18 February 1897 • Birthplace — Lynn, Massachusetts, U.S. • Died — 30 January 1978 • Place of death — Ayer, Massachusetts, U.S. • Ordained — June 20, 1928 • Occupation — Priest, poet, lyricist, editor, chaplain • Known for — Feeneyism • Honorific Prefix — The Reverend
Documentary record
Leonard Feeney (1897 – 1978) is documented in the authority records of the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The birth of Leonard Feeney is recorded in 1897, and the death in 1978.
America
America
In the 1930s, as a Jesuit, Feeney was a literary editor at the Jesuit magazine America.
Excommunication
Excommunication
On 8 August 1949, Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani of the Holy Office sent a protocol letter to Archbishop Richard Cushing on the meaning of the dogma extra Ecclesiam nulla salus ("outside the Church there is no salvation"). This protocol had been approved by Pope Pius XII on 28 July 1949. The document states: "[T]his dogma [extra Ecclesiam nulla salus] must be understood in that sense in which the Church herself understands it. For, it was not to private judgments that Our Saviour gave for explanation those things that are contained in the deposit of faith, but to the teaching authority of the Church". After Feeney refused twice to oblige to the Holy See's summons to Rome to explain himself, he was excommunicated on 13 February 1953 by the Holy See for persistent disobedience to legitimate church authority due to his refusal to comply. According to Cardinal John Wright, Pope Pius XII personally translated the edict into English. The decree of excommunication was later published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis. His followers claimed that his excommunication was invalid. Following his excommunication, Feeney co-founded a community called the Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary with Catherine Goddard Clarke. This group later split in two, one of which became the Still River Branch, in good standing with the Catholic Church; the other is a schismatic group that holds to Feeney's views on Salvation.
Reconciliation with the Catholic Church and death
Reconciliation with the Catholic Church and death
Feeney reconciled with the Catholic Church in 1972 without any recantation from his part on his positions on salvation. This reconciliation without Feeney's recantation, reports the National Catholic News Service, "came about at least in part through the intervention of Cardinal Humberto Medeiros of Boston who had attended lectures at St. Benedict's during his days as a seminarian. Cardinal John Wright, head of the Vatican's Congregation for the Clergy, reportedly personally brought the matter to the attention of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith". Feeney made few public appearances in his final years, because he was suffering from Parkinson's disease and a chronic heart ailment. He died in Ayer, Massachusetts, on January 30, 1978. For Feeney's death, Cardinal Avery Dulles, who had previously been a pupil in Feeney's lectures, shared his reflection on and personal experience with Feeney.
The Point
The Point
Feeney was editor of The Point, which ran a mixture of theological and political articles, some of them branded anti-semitic by Feeney's critics. The newsletter frequently contained sentiments such as: the Church has never abandoned her absolute principle that it is possible for an individual Jew to scrap his hateful heritage, sincerely break with the synagogue, and cleanse his cursed blood with the Precious Blood of Jesus. (October 1957) Those two powers, the chief two in the world today, are Communism and Zionism. That both movements are avowedly anti-Christian, and that both are in origin and direction Jewish, is a matter of record. (September 1958) As surely and securely as the Jews have been behind Freemasonry, or Secularism, or Communism, they are behind the "anti-hate" drive. The Jews are advocating tolerance only for its destructive value — destructive, that is, of the Catholic Church. On their part, they still keep alive their racial rancors and antipathies. (July 1955) The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith monitored The Point magazine for at least 14 editions. In 1955, the League exchanged correspondence with the Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding possible criminal investigation of Feeney and his followers, but no investigation was started.
Reactions
Reactions
As a Harvard undergraduate, Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy attended a meeting of students at which he stood up and challenged Feeney, later storming out following the priest's assertion that there was no salvation outside the Catholic faith. A similarly negative reaction to Feeney's teaching was recorded by British novelist and Catholic convert Evelyn Waugh, who wrote of visiting the priest while in the United States: A few years later Feeney wrote critically of Knox and Newman in his collection of essays London is a Place, with an unsympathetic passing reference to Waugh's biography of St. Helena: on the list of [Knox's] recurrent callers, was Mr. Evelyn (pronounced Evil-in) Waugh, whose father, a London publisher, supplied his sons with early printing privileges in pornography, before one of them (Evelyn) turned to hagiography, and whitened his sepulchre with the life of a saint. In 2003, in an article for The Jewish Week newspaper, editor Gary Rosenblatt wrote:
Identity
Identity
Leonard Feeney is recorded as poet, theologian, catholic priest, lyricist and songwriter.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
The full dated record · 2 entries
1897
Leonard Feeney born at Lynn.
1978
Leonard Feeney died at Ayer.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Lynn.
Birth place
Ayer.
Death place
Professor and polemics
He was a professor in Boston College's graduate school, and then professor of spiritual eloquence at the Jesuit seminary in Weston, Massachusetts. Thereafter, he became the priest chaplain at the Catholic Saint Benedict Center, a religious center at Harvard Square founded by Catherine Goddard Clarke, in 1945; Feeney had first visited in 1941. He gave incendiary speeches on the Boston Common on Sundays, leading Robert F. Kennedy, then a Harvard undergraduate, to write Archbishop Richard Cushing of Boston requesting his removal. After April 1949 the affair became a public scandal when Feeney undertook in the press the defence of dismissed laymen who were teaching in the Jesuit College (founded in Boston by the Society of Jesus in 1863) that those who were not members of the Catholic Church were damned. Feeney criticized Cushing for, among other things, accepting the church's definition of "baptism of desire". Finally, in 1949, Cushing declared Feeney's St. Benedict's Center off-limits to Catholics. That same year Boston College and Boston College High School dismissed four of the center's members from the theology faculty for spreading Feeney's views in the classroom. In light of his controversial behavior, his Jesuit superiors ordered him to leave the center for a post at College of the Holy Cross, but he repeatedly refused, which led to his expulsion from the order. Cushing suspended Feeney's priestly faculties in April 1949; Feeney continued to celebrate the sacraments although he was no longer authorized to do so. Around this time, Fr. Feeney began speaking on Boston Common, gathering large crowds of up to 2,000 people to his public meetings, both supporters and hecklers. According to The Harvard Crimson, Feeney declared that in Catholic majority Boston, he wanted to "rid our city of every coward liberal Catholic, Jew dog, Protestant brute, and 33rd Degree Freemason who is trying to suck the soul from good Catholics and sell the true faith for greenbacks". Feeney would frequently throw visceral barbs back at his hecklers, describing them as "sexually degenerate, fairy, lewd, obscene, dirty, filthy, rotten, pawns, pimps, and frauds".
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Leonard Feeney”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q284534: Leonard Feeney
General reference · Wikidata
Text attribution
Licensing
Text attribution
Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article Leonard Feeney, revision 1370258929 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Sects: The Slaves of Leonard Feeney. TIME. 1965-01-01.
- 2.Leonard Feeney, Jesuit Priest, 80; Ousted in Dispute Over Salvation. The New York Times. 1978-02-01. 0362-4331.
- 3.Blakeslee, Spencer. The Death of American Antisemitism. Praeger, Greenwood Publishing Group. 93. 2000. 0-275-96508-2.
- 4.Keane <!--, James T. Oops! Now and then America got it wrong. America. April 13, 2009.
- 5.Faith was integral to Bobby Kennedy's life and politics. National Catholic Reporter. 2016-08-17.
- 6.Augustine. Aquinas. Luther. Bobby Kennedy?!. National Review. 2009-09-14.
- 7.Schlesinger, Arthur Meier. Robert Kennedy and His Times. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 66. 2002. 9780618219285.
- 8.Library : Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus: Father Feeney Makes a Comeback. www.catholicculture.org.
- 9.Marchetti-Selvaggiani, F. Cardinal. [Letter on the Father Feeney Controversy]. The Furrow. 3. 12. 654–659. 1952. 0016-3120.
- 10.Feldberg, Michael. American Heretic: The Rise and Fall of Father Leonard Feeney, S.J. American Catholic Studies. 123. 2. 109–115. 2012. 2161-8534.
- 11.Savadove, Laurence D. Father Feeney, Rebel from Church, Preaches Hate, Own Brand of Dogma to All Comers – One-Time Jesuit Plans To Use Ex-Harvard Men to Spread Idea. Harvard Crimson. December 6, 1951.
- 12.Thomas, Evan. Robert Kennedy: His Life. Simon and Schuster. 51. February 5, 2013. 9781476734569.
- 13.Letter to the Archbishop of Boston EWTN. www.ewtn.com.
- 14.Letter of the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office
- 15.Analecta A Letter from the Holy Office. The American Ecclesiastical Review. CXXII [sic, should be CXXVII]. 5. 307–315. October 1952.
- 16.The Holy See. ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS COMMENTARIUM OFFICIALE ANNUS XXXX V – Series II – Vol. XX. vatican.va.
- 17.Mazza, Michael J. Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus: Father Feeney makes a comeback.
- 18.Feeney Forgiven. Time Magazine. October 14, 1974.
- 19.Sisters of Saint Benedict Center. Our History. 2 May 2015.
- 20.Madrid, Patrick. More Catholic Than The Pope: An Inside Look At Extreme Traditionalism. Our Sunday Visitor. 72. 2004. 9781931709262.
- 21.Leonard Feeney, Jesuit Priest, 80; Ousted in Dispute Over Salvation. The New York Times. 1978-02-01. 0362-4331.
- 22.Father Leonard Feeney Dies at 80. National Catholic News Service. 6. 31 January 1978.
- 23.Dulles, Avery. Leonard Feeney: In Memoriam. America. 138. 135–137. February 25, 1978.
- 24.Point magazine for Oct 1957 edited by Fr Leonard Feeney. crashrecovery.org.
- 25.Point magazine for Oct 1957 edited by Fr Leonard Feeney. archive.is. 2014-03-25.
- 26.Point magazine for Sep 1958 edited by Fr Leonard Feeney. crashrecovery.org.
- 27.Should Hate Be Outlawed?. July 1955.
- 28.Federal Bureau of Investigation. Leonard Feeney.
- 29.Sorensen, Ted. The Kennedy Legacy. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 27–28. 1970.
- 30.The Letters of Evelyn Waugh (1980), 292–93.
- 31.Feeney, Father Leonard, M.I.C.M. London is a Place. May 18, 2005.
- 32.The Jewish Week. 2004-03-01.
References
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