Kėdainiai

The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved. The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva. Other smaller villages circle the territory in a distance of five miles or a little further from the St. George's Church of Kėdainiai — Lančiūnava, Kapliai, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, and Kalnaberžė.

• Name — Kėdainiai • Type — City • Subdivision Type — Country • Subdivision Type1 — Ethnographic region • Subdivision Name1 — Aukštaitija • Subdivision Type2 — County • Subdivision Name2 — Kaunas County • Subdivision Type3 — Municipality • Subdivision Name3 — Kėdainiai district municipality • Subdivision Type4 — Eldership • Subdivision Name4 — Kėdainiai City Eldership • Subdivision Type6 — Capital of • Subdivision Name6 — Kėdainiai district municipality Kėdainiai City Eldership • Established Date — 1372 • Established Title — First mentioned • Established Date2 — 1590 • Established Title2 — Granted city rights • Parts Type — Neighbourhoods • Parts Style — coll • P1 — Babėnai • P2 — Jonušava • P3 — Justinava • P4 — Old Town • Government Type — Municipal Council • Leader Title — Mayor • Leader Name — Valentinas Tamulis • Area Total Km2 — 26.97 • Elevation M — 39 • Population Total — 23447 • Population As Of — 2023 • Population Density Km2 — auto • Population Demonym — Kėdainians (English) kėdainiškiai (Lithuanian) • Time Zone — EET • Utc Offset — +2 • Time Zone Dst — EEST • Utc Offset Dst — +3 • Postal Code Type — Postal code • Postal Code — 57xxx • Website — https: kedainiai.lt/

The city has been known by other names: Kiejdany in Polish, Keidan (קיידאן) in Yiddish, and Kedahnen in German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms include Kidan, Kaidan, Keidany, Keydan, Kiedamjzeÿ ("j" /e/), Kuidany, and Kidainiai.

• Illustration — The March of Swedes for Kiejdany (Kėdainiai), Józef Brandt, (1889) One of the oldest settlements in the country, Kėdainiai was first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, and became a city in 1590. The area was the site of several battles during "The Deluge", the 17th century war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. In 1655 a short-lived treaty with Sweden, the Union of Kėdainiai, was signed by two members of Radziwiłł family in their Kėdainiai castle. While little remains of the Radziwiłł castle, the crypt of the Calvinist church (1631) houses the family mausoleum, including the tombs of Krzysztof Radziwiłł and his son Janusz. Scottish Protestants arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries, encouraged by the conversion of Anna Radziwill; the community exerted considerable influence in the city and persisted until the mid-19th century. The grouping of the buildings around the town square still include the imposing homes of merchants known as the "Scottish Houses". These include; the George Anderson House, the John Arnot House, the George Bennet House, the James Gray House, the Steel Property, and the surviving basement of the Alexander Gordon house. A local custom called on all visitors to bring a stone to be used in the town's construction. The 1st Lithuanian National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in the town in 1790. • Illustration — Kėdainiai in 19th century by Napoleon Orda

In 1940, the town was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa, Kėdainiai was occupied by the German Army in the summer of 1941. On August 28, 1941, the entire Jewish community of Kėdainiai, a community which had inhabited the area for 500 years, were killed under the direction of German Special Police Battalions, with the aid of the local Lithuanian population. The Jewish population prior to the Holocaust was 3000.

• Illustration — Lifosa AB chemical plant in Kėdainiai During the Cold War, it was home to Kėdainiai air base, a major Soviet military airlift facility. For many years, Kėdainiai was known for its chemical and food processing industries. The Kėdainiai chemical plant, Lifosa, began operations in January 1963. Publicized as a milestone in the industrialization of Lithuania, it emitted significant quantities of sulfuric acid and was the subject of ecological protests in the 1980s.

Following years of stagnation, old enterprises have come back to life in Kėdainiai since Lithuanian independence in 1990, and new ones have been established, contributing to the city's status as a regional economic stronghold.

Kėdainiai is accessed by Via Baltica highway from Kaunas and Panevėžys, and by rail from Vilnius, Klaipėda and Šiauliai. It is also served by Kaunas International Airport, the second largest airport in Lithuania, located in Karmėlava.

• Illustration — Kėdainiai Regional Museum The Kėdainiai Regional Museum, established in 1922, now operates four branches: a Multicultural Centre, the mausoleum of the Dukes Radziwill, the house of Juozas Paukštelis, and the Museum of Wooden Sculptures of V.Ulevičius. Since the city is known as the cucumber capital of Lithuania, it sponsors an annual cucumber festival. In 2013, the band Bastille shot a music video for their single "Things We Lost in the Fire" in Kėdainiai. A small Polish minority of 329 (0,61%) people live in Kėdainiai district municipality, but only 30 people participate in Stowarzyszenie Polaków Kiejdan (The Kėdainiai Polish Association), the elder people; their cultural activities involve public celebrations of Polish Day of Independence and Day of the Constitution of Third of May, as well as organizing a festival of Polish culture. Since 1994, the Kėdainiai Polish Language School operates here.

• Jonušas Radvila College (Kėdainių Jonušo Radvilos studijų centras) • Kėdainiai Atžalynas gymnasium • Kėdainiai Šviesioji gymnasium

• Illustration — Kėdainiai Arena, home venue of the BC Nevėžis basketball club Basketball club BC Nevėžis, which participate in Lithuanian basketball league. Football club FK Nevėžis, named after the nearby river plays in second-tier league I Lyga. Other football teams include FK Lifosa and FK Nevėžis-2, the reserve team of Nevėžis.

• Mayor — Term of office — Political party • Took office — Left office • Independent Lithuania • Petras Baguška — 1990 — 1994 • Vigimantas Kisielius — 1995 — 1997 — Homeland Union • Viktoras Muntianas — 1997 — 2004 — Labour Party • Virginija Baltraitienė — 12 November 2004 — 12 December 2005 — Labour Party • Nijolė Naujokienė — 2005 — 2011 — Labour Party • Rimantas Diliūnas — 2011 — 2015 — Labour Party • Saulius Grinkevičius — 17 April 2015 — 2019 — Liberal Movement • Valentinas Tamulis — 17 March 2019 — Incumbent — Valentino Tamulio komanda – mūsų krašto sėkmei

Kėdainiai is twinned with: • Brodnica, Poland • Fălticeni, Romania • Kohtla-Järve, Estonia • Łobez, Poland • Melitopol, Ukraine • Sömmerda, Germany • Svalöv, Sweden • Telavi, Georgia

• Illustration — Monument of Janusz Radziwiłł • Illustration — Catholic Church of St. Joseph and its belfry • Illustration — Nevėžis river flowing through Kėdainiai • Illustration — Senoji Street in the old town • Illustration — Kėdainiai Old Town • Illustration — Kėdainiai Old Town • Illustration — Didžioji street • Illustration — Park • Illustration — Kėdainiai new synagogue • Illustration — Kėdainiai minaret • Illustration — Holy Transfiguration Church • Illustration — Kėdainiai railway station