Julian Gough

Since 2022, Gough has been writing a blog, The Egg and the Rock, about his research extending Lee Smolin's theory of cosmological natural selection, which he believes has been neglected for sociological rather than scientific reasons.

• Name — Julian Gough • Born — 1966 6 • Education — University College Galway • Website — juliangough.com

Gough grew up near Heathrow Airport in London, before moving to Nenagh, Co. Tipperary aged seven.

He was studying English and philosophy at University College Galway in the late 1980s when he and some friends founded Toasted Heretic. The band recorded four albums and had one top-10 hit, "Galway and Los Angeles", in 1992. In 1996, Gough co-wrote Peig: The Musical!, a humorous adaptation of the autobiography of Peig Sayers which ran at the Town Hall Theatre, Galway for four sold-out performances. Gough described it as "an act of the most exquisite revenge...and of great therapeutic value to a generation traumatised by her infernal book as children".

Gough's first novel, Juno & Juliet, was published in 2001 by Flamingo, almost a decade after Toasted Heretic split up. His second novel, Jude: Level 1, was published in 2007 at Old Street Publishing, shortly after he won the 2007 National Short Story Award for the book's first chapter, titled "The Orphan and the Mob". In 2010, Salmon Poetry released Gough's first poetry collection, Free Sex Chocolate, which juxtaposes Gough's more recent forays into poetry with his earlier lyrics written for Toasted Heretic. He is also the author of several short stories and novellas that satirize global economic policies, including Great Hargeisa Goat Bubble (2003) and CRASH! How I Lost a Hundred Billion and Found True Love (2013). In 2015, Gough signed a book deal with Picador. In November 2011, Gough was invited by Markus Persson, creator of Minecraft, to create a story for the ending of the game, in preparation for its release. The resulting work, called the End Poem, has been described as both confusing to and revered by the Minecraft community. After a psilocybin trip prompted Gough to consider the poem's line "The Universe loves you because you are love" and the love he had received but not accepted for the poem, he wrote an essay in his newsletter in December 2022 explaining that he had never signed a contract with either of Minecraft parent companies, releasing the original version of the poem into the public domain. Gough writes columns and opinion pieces for various newspapers and magazines, including The Guardian, Prospect Magazine and A Public Space. His novel Jude in London came third in the 2011 Guardian Not The Booker prize after the author threatened to share pictures of him "wearing only the [Not The Booker trophy] mug" should he win the competition. In 2012, his short story "The iHole" was shortlisted for the BBC International Short Story Award. The story was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in September 2012, read by Irish actor Andrew Scott. In 2016, Gough, in collaboration with illustrator Jim Field, published Rabbit's Bad Habits, the first installment of the Rabbit and Bear series of children's books. By 2024, the series has grown to six books and has been translated into over thirty languages.

In 2022, he announced The Egg and the Rock, an upcoming book in which Gough aims to explore the nature of the universe as an evolving organism subject to natural selection. Parts of the book are being written and published in public. In July 2022 he made predictions about what the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) would see and would not see, predicting that the point of recombination would be optimised for supermassive black hole formation. These predictions were subsequently borne out by the data from the JWST. In March 2025 he published a blog post on his cosmological theory which he named the Blowtorch Theory. It posits the idea that "sustained, powerful jets from supermassive black holes in the extremely early universe actively carved the large-scale structure of the universe we see all around us today, including galaxies, cosmic voids, and filament." The theory received broadly positive responses from scientists. German physicist and cosmologist Jenny Wagner said it raised "highly important questions on the validity of our current concordance model in cosmology". In September 2025, Gough's theory of natural selection on the scale of universes was critiqued in discussion with American scientists Christopher Field and Michael Levin. Gough has been credited with reviving interest in the theory of cosmological natural selection and has received funding from Emergent Ventures and O'Shaughnessy Ventures to further his research.