José de Almada Negreiros

• Name — Almada Negreiros • Born — 7 April 1893 • Birthplace — Roça Saudade, Trindade, São Tomé • Died — 15 July 1970 • Place of death — Hospital de São Luís dos Franceses, Lisbon • Spouse — Sarah Afonso • Occupation — Painter, writer • Genre — novel, play, poem, essays and pamphletary manifests • Movement — Modernism, Futurism

His mother died in 1896. In 1900 he entered a Jesuit boarding school in Campolide, Lisbon. After the October 1910 republican revolution the school was closed and Almada entered the Escola Internacional, also in Lisbon. In 1913 he had his first individual exhibition, showing 90 drawings. In 1915, along with Fernando Pessoa and Mário de Sá-Carneiro, he published poems and texts in the Orpheu artistic magazine, which would introduce modernist literature and art in Portugal. This same year Almada Negreiros wrote the famous Manifesto Anti-Dantas e por extenso, a humorous attack against a more traditionalist and bourgeois older generation. In 1915 the artist also conceived the O Sonho da Rosa ballet. • Illustration — Negreiros at the 1st Futurist Conference, April 1917 In 1917, with the aim of introducing the Portuguese public to Futuristic aesthetics, Almada Negreiros published, together with Santa-Rita Pintor, the Portugal Futurista magazine, writing the Ultimatum Futurista, às gerações portuguezas do século XX ("Futurist ultimatum to the Portuguese generations of the 20th century"). He promoted a conference, the Sessão Futurista ("Futurist Session"), where he appeared wearing a flight suit. Between the years 1918–20 Almada lived in Paris. To support himself, he worked as a dancer and as a factory worker. In 1920 he returned to Lisbon. In 1925 he produced two paintings for one of the most famous cafés in Lisbon, A Brasileira and in 1926-27 a nude for the Bristol Club, a nightclub with a modernist design. In 1927 he went to Madrid where he wrote for several Spanish publications, including Cronica and La Farsa. Around this same time he wrote El Uno, tragédia de la Unidad. Back in Portugal, in the following years his artistic productions were wide and prolific as he became a key artist in Portuguese modern art, influenced by Cubism and, mainly, by Futurism. His role during António de Oliveira Salazar's authoritarian regime was however ambiguous, acting both as an "aligned" artist (doing public mural paintings or propaganda posters) and a provocative critic of Portuguese society of the time. In 1934 he married painter Sarah Afonso (13 May 1899 – 14 December 1983). Re-settled for good in Portugal, he would continue in his role as "artistic agitator" within the oppressed society that was Portugal until the time of his death. In 1934 the couple had their only son, José Afonso de Almada Negreiros. He was also, if only occasionally, an actor and a dancer, understanding that all forms of art are intimately linked. • Illustration — The upper floor of the Alcântara terminal with murals by Negreiros

• O Moinho (1913) • Os Outros (1914) • 23, 2º Andar (1914) • Frizos, published in Orpheu vol. 1, pp. 51–59 (prose) (1915) • A Cena do Ódio (poetry) (1915) • Manifesto Anti-Dantas e por extenso (1915) • Litoral (1915) • A Engomadeira (novel) (1915, published in 1917) • Ultimatum Futurista, às gerações portuguezas do século XX (conference) (1917) • K4, O Quadrado Azul (novel) (1917) • Saltimbancos Contrastes Simultâneos (1917) • A Invenção do Corpo (conference) (1921) • O Cágado (1921) • A Invenção do Dia Claro (1921) • Histoire du Portugal par coeur (1922) • Pierrot e Arlequim (theatre) (1924) • Nome de Guerra (novel) (1925, published in 1938) • A Questão dos Painéis (essay) (1926) • El uno, tragedia de la unidad (composed of Deseja-se Mulher and S.O.S) (1928) • Portugal, Direcção Única (1932) • Elogio da Ingenuidade ou as Desventuras da Esperteza Saloia (1936) • Mito-Alegoría-Símbolo, Monólogo autodidacta na oficina da pintura (1948)

José de Almada Negreiros was recorded at birth as José Sobral de Almada Negreiros. The authorities additionally record the headings Jose De Almanda Negreiros, Almada Negreiros, Almada, Almadanegreiros and José De Almada Negreiros. His recorded language was Portuguese. He was the child of António Lobo de Almada Negreiros. He married Sarah Affonso.

José de Almada Negreiros is recorded as having received Grand Officer of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword.