Jesper Kyd
Jesper Kyd Jakobson (Jesper Kyd Jakobson ˈjespɐ ˈkʰyt ˈjɑkʰʌpsʌn; born 3 February 1972) is a Danish composer and sound designer who has worked on various video game, television, and film projects. He has composed soundtracks for the Hitman series, Assassin's Creed series, Borderlands series, Darksiders II, Freedom Fighters, and State of Decay, among many others. His scores use orchestra, choir, acoustic manipulations and electronic soundscapes.[1]
Also recorded as Jesper Kyd Jakobson
Jesper Kyd

Miguel Mendez · CC BY 2.0
- Birth Name
- Jesper Kyd Jakobson
- Born
- 3 February 1972
- Birthplace
- Hørsholm, Denmark
- Occupation
- * Composer
- Nationality
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Fields
- electronic
- Languages
- Danish
VALÉORINE Encyclopedia
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Documentary summary
Jesper Kyd Jakobson (Jesper Kyd Jakobson ˈjespɐ ˈkʰyt ˈjɑkʰʌpsʌn; born 3 February 1972) is a Danish composer and sound designer who has worked on various video game, television, and film projects. He has composed soundtracks for the Hitman series, Assassin's Creed series, Borderlands series, Darksiders II, Freedom Fighters, and State of Decay, among many others. His scores use orchestra, choir, acoustic manipulations and electronic soundscapes.[1]
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Jesper Kyd (born 1972) is a composer, of Danish nationality. The composer was born in Hørsholm.
The work spans electronic and electronic music. Languages used include Danish.
Composed from admitted, traceable facts · 26 September 2026
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wikidata · Q316449 · wikipedia · Jesper Kyd
In this article
Biography
Biography
Kyd worked across composer. The registers place that work in electronic music. This article rests on 104 catalogued compositions, 74 issued recordings, 3 digitised documents and 36 scholarly references drawn from named institutional registers. Every statement below returns to a source shown in the evidence panel; where the record is silent or divided, the article says so instead of resolving it.
Key facts
Key facts
• Birth Name — Jesper Kyd Jakobson • Born — 3 February 1972 • Birthplace — Hørsholm, Denmark • Genre — * Contemporary classical • choral • electronica • ambient • minimal techno • IDM • Occupation — * Composer • sound designer • Years Active — 1986–present • Label — * Sumthing Else • La-La Land
Early years
Early years
Kyd started playing the piano at an early age. Later, he took several years of training in classical guitar, note reading, choir singing and classical composition for piano. However, he is mostly self-taught.[2][3] Kyd started using computers for composing on a Commodore 64 at age 14,[4] and later an Amiga.[5] He and Mikael Balle became members of the demogroup Silents DK, and later started collaborating with a group of coders known as Crionics.[6] They eventually made the Amiga demoscene production Hardwired.[7] Kyd also created and scored the first wild demo, Global Trash 2, together with Mikael Balle. Kyd then left the demoscene and started to work as a game musician. He and others created the computer game developer Zyrinx and a game called Sub-Terrania for the Sega Genesis. The team then relocated to Boston. Kyd composed music for two additional Zyrinx titles, Red Zone and Scorcher and the music for two externally developed games, Amok and The Adventures of Batman and Robin for the Sega Genesis. Zyrinx dissolved when their game publisher Scavenger went bankrupt.
Freelance
Freelance
Many former Zyrinx members returned to Denmark to start IO Interactive, but Kyd moved to New York City and set up his own sound studio in Manhattan called "Nano studios".[8] He then worked as a freelance video game musician. The soundtrack to Hitman: Codename 47 was based on urban soundscapes and ethnic instrumentation. He then recorded the soundtrack of Hitman 2: Silent Assassin with 110 musicians of the Budapest Symphony Orchestra and Hungarian Radio Choir. He recorded the score for the action/adventure Freedom Fighters with the Hungarian Radio choir. It was described by Film Score Monthly Magazine as "Vangelis on steroids". He used modern electronica and symphonic and choral music in Hitman: Contracts. Kyd followed up with Hitman: Blood Money, also performed by the Budapest Symphony Orchestra and Hungarian Radio Choir.[9] Kyd then provided a cinematic middle eastern-based score for Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed. This was followed by the soundtrack for Assassin's Creed II (2009), Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (2010), and Assassin's Creed: Revelations (2011), the latter in collaboration with Lorne Balfe.[10] Kyd was personally responsible for composing the now-famous "Ezio's Family" for Assassin's Creed II; the track would become the unofficial theme of the Assassin's Creed franchise, being remixed and sampled in every subsequent soundtrack in the franchise. Kyd also wrote music for several games in the Borderlands franchise, as well as the soundtrack for Darksiders II, notable for being his first entirely non-digital score.[11] In 2020, Kyd returned to the Assassin's Creed franchise with Assassin's Creed: Valhalla, alongside Sarah Schachner and Einar Selvik. Kyd composed the soundtrack of Warhammer 40,000: Darktide, which released in 2022. Kyd sought to create a score that would fit a retro-futuristic setting, and avoided using orchestral elements and guitars, which were typically found in other Warhammer games. The score was inspired by "cyberpunk culture and sci-fi manga," with the main instruments including drum machines and modular synths.[12]
Video games
Video games
Video games • Year — Title — Notes • 1990 — U.S.S. John Young[18] • 1993 — Pro Moves Soccer • Sub-Terrania • 1994 — Red Zone • 1995 — The Adventures of Batman & Robin — Sega Mega Drive/Genesis version • 1996 — Amok • Scorcher • 1999 — Time Tremors • Alien Nations • 2000 — MDK2 — with Albert Olson and Raymond Watts • Messiah • Soldier • Hitman: Codename 47[19] • 2001 — The Nations: Alien Nations 2 • LightWeight Ninja — with Eric Heberling, Speier Music Productions and REMedia • Shattered Galaxy • 2002 — Minority Report: The Video Game • Hitman 2: Silent Assassin • 2003 — Brute Force — with James Hannigan • Freedom Fighters[20] • Wirtschaftsgiganten - Die Ultimative Collection • Prisms of Light 2 • 2004 — McFarlane's Evil Prophecy • Hitman: Contracts • Robotech: Invasion • Dance Dance Revolution Ultramix 2[21] • 2005 — Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory — with Amon Tobin • Dance Dance Revolution STR!KE • 2006 — Hitman: Blood Money • Close Quarters Conflict • 2007 — Kane & Lynch: Dead Men • Assassin's Creed[22] • Unreal Tournament 3 — with Rom Di Prisco • 2008 — The Club — main theme • The Chronicles of Spellborn • 2009 — Borderlands — with Cris Velasco, Sascha Dikiciyan, and Raison Varner • Assassin's Creed II • 2010 — Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood[23] • 2011 — Forza Motorsport 4 • Assassin's Creed: Revelations — with Lorne Balfe • 2012 — Soulcalibur V — with several others • Darksiders II • Transformers: Prime - The Game — with several others • Borderlands 2 — with Cris Velasco, Sascha Dikiciyan, and Raison Varner • 2013 — State of Decay — with Dreissk • Soldiers Inc. • Sparta: War of Empires • 2014 — Pirates: Tides of Fortune • Stormfall: Age of War • Heroes & Generals • Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel! — with Des Shore and Justin Mullins • 2015 — Moonrise — with Jeff Broadbent • Warhammer: End Times - Vermintide • 2016 — Robinson: The Journey[24] • 2017 — MU Legend • Battle Chasers: Nightwar • 2018 — Warhammer: Vermintide 2[25] • State of Decay 2 — with Dreissk • 2019 — Borderlands 3 — with Michael McCann, Finishing Move Inc., Raison Varner • 2020 — Assassin's Creed Valhalla — with Sarah Schachner and Einar Selvik • 2022 — Dune: Spice Wars — with Quentin Malapel • Warhammer 40,000: Darktide • 2026 — Samson • 2027[26] — State of Decay 3 — Development in progress • TBA — No Law — Development in progress • N/A — Wonder Woman — Canceled
TV series
TV series
• Year — Title • 2009 — The Resistance • 2012-13 — Métal Hurlant Chronicles
Nominations
Nominations
• Year — Title • 2004 — G.A.N.G Award for "Best Original Vocal Song – Choral" • Billboard Digital Entertainment Awards nomination for Best Use of Soundtrack • 2006 — MTV's Video Music Awards in the Best Video Game Score category[32]
Life and work
Life and work
Jesper Kyd was born on 3 February 1972 in Hørsholm. Kyd held the nationality of Kingdom of Denmark. Kyd worked as composer. Kyd was active from 1986. The fields Kyd worked in include electronic music. Kyd worked in Danish.
Works documented in more than one form
Catalogued output
Works documented in more than one form
13 titles are catalogued under more than one form, which is to say the registers hold them both as a work and as a distinct object, score, recording or edition. Where a title is documented in several forms the evidence behind it is correspondingly wider, and the article treats those forms as separate records of the same work rather than as separate works. City of Jerusalem — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Flight Through Jerusalem — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Spirit of Damascus — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Trouble in Jerusalem — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Acre Underworld — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Access the Animus — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Dunes of Death — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Masyaf in Danger — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Meditation Begins — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. Meditation of the Assassin — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics. The Bureau — catalogued as musical work/composition and music track without lyrics.
Unreal Tournament 3
2007 — catalogued as video game and esports discipline
Borderlands 3
2019 — catalogued as video game and esports discipline
Compositions
Catalogued output
Compositions
The entries below are works composed by the subject, as the institutional registers catalogue them; later performances and commercial recordings of the same music are listed separately. 104 further compositions are catalogued under Kyd's name without a date the collections agree on, which is why they are set apart from the dated run rather than placed in it. A selection is set out below and the complete run may be opened beneath it.
City of Jerusalem
Flight Through Jerusalem
Spirit of Damascus
Trouble in Jerusalem
Access the Animus
Dunes of Death
Masyaf in Danger
Meditation of the Assassin
Absolute Magnitude v2
47 in St
Approaching Target 3
A Clash of Assassins
The complete catalogue · 50
City of Jerusalem
Flight Through Jerusalem
Spirit of Damascus
Trouble in Jerusalem
Access the Animus
Dunes of Death
Masyaf in Danger
Meditation of the Assassin
Absolute Magnitude v2
47 in St
Approaching Target 3
A Clash of Assassins
Bring Your Guns
Approaching Target 1
Beyond the Biodome (Pleasure Dome Mix)
Alpha Animals.59 remix
Approaching Invid Hive
Action in Paris
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla Main Theme
Approaching Target 2
A Hidden Dagger
Back in Venice
Battle in Spain
Along the Perimeter
Action in Havana
Blaze of Glory
A Plan Forms
Barbarians & Dragons
Aurelia's Last Breath
A Leap of Faith
Arrival at Cursehaven
Absence of Light
Big Joe in Trouble
Before the Storm
Avatar of Fear
Arrival at the Anvil
Assassin’s Creed Rogue Main Theme
Accessing The Brain
Betrayal at Rebel Base
47 Makes a Decision
Beyond the Biodome
Anathema the Relentless
Archive Hostiles 1
A Matter of Time
Born Under the Bayou
47 Main Title
A Self Guided Tour at Jakob's Estate
Battle Chasers Theme
Armageddon Rides to Town
The Rulers of Rome
Films and moving-image works, 1993–2020
Catalogued output
Films and moving-image works, 1993–2020
These entries are catalogued as moving-image works. The 2000s are the densest part of the run, with 15 titles, and that concentration is a fact about what the registers have catalogued rather than a judgement on the work itself. They belong to a run of 37 titles in all, from 1993 to 2020.
36 films carry dates between 1993 and 2020
The run opens with Pro Moves Soccer and closes with Assassin's Creed Valhalla
Pro Moves Soccer
1993
Red Zone
1994
Sub-Terrania
1994
Amok
1996
Scorcher
1996
Messiah
2000
MDK 2
2000
The Nations
2001
Hitman 2: Silent Assassin
2002
Everybody Runs
2002
The complete catalogue · 36
36 films carry dates between 1993 and 2020
The run opens with Pro Moves Soccer and closes with Assassin's Creed Valhalla
Pro Moves Soccer
1993
Red Zone
1994
Sub-Terrania
1994
Amok
1996
Scorcher
1996
Messiah
2000
MDK 2
2000
The Nations
2001
Hitman 2: Silent Assassin
2002
Everybody Runs
2002
Freedom Fighters
2003
McFarlane's Evil Prophecy
2004
Invasion
2004
Blood Money
2006
Assassin's Creed — 3 catalogued parts
2007
Kane & Lynch: Dead Men
2007
The Chronicles of Spellborn
2008
Assassin's Creed II
2009
Staunton Hill
2009
Borderlands 2
2012
Darksiders II
2012
Soldiers Inc.
2013
The Pre-Sequel
2014
War of Empires
2014
Chronicles of the Ghostly Tribe
2015
End Times - Vermintide
2015
Rise of Balur
2015
Heroes of the North
2015
Heroes & Generals
2016
Radical
2017
The Journey
2017
Vermintide 2
2018
Tumbbad
2018
Assassin's Creed Valhalla
2020
Films
Films
• Year — Title • 2000 — Night All Day • 2006 — Sweet Insanity • Death of a Saleswoman • 2007 — La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc (1928, new score) • 2008 — Staunton Hill • 2010 — A Perfect Soldier • 2015 — Chronicles of the Ghostly Tribe • 2018 — Tumbbad • 2025 — Crazxy
Short films
Short films
• Year — Title • 2000 — Organizm • 2001 — The Lion Tamer • Going with Neill • 2002 — Day Pass • Paper Plane Man • Pure • 2003 — Cycle • 2006 — Impulse • Virus • 2010 — The Auctioneers • 2011 — Somnolence • Assassin's Creed: Embers • 2023 — RAID: Call of the Arbiter[27]
Films and moving-image works without a settled date
Catalogued output
Films and moving-image works without a settled date
1 further film are catalogued under Kyd's name without a date the collections agree on, which is why they are set apart from the dated run rather than placed in it.
Métal Hurlant Chronicles
Influences
Jesper Kyd's influences include composers such as Ottorino Respighi, Igor Stravinsky, Jean-Michel Jarre, Vangelis, Mike Oldfield, John Williams, Jerry Goldsmith, and bands such as Röyksopp, the Knife, Pink Floyd, and Underworld.[13][14]
Issued recordings
Primary material
Issued recordings
These are published sound issues catalogued under the name. Most postdate the works they carry, and an issue is never counted here as a work of composition. 4 issues carry dates between 2005 and 2011. The run opens with Silent Assassin and closes with Assassin's Creed Revelations – Original Game Soundtrack: The Complete Recordings.
Recordings and discography
Primary material
Recordings and discography
The discography assembled here shows how Kyd's work has been published in sound, not what Kyd made. 70 sound issues are catalogued, carrying dates from 1993 to 2026. An issue is a published recording, distinct from the composition it carries, from a printed score of that composition and from any single performance of it; none of the entries below is counted in the catalogue of compositions above, and several of them carry the same work in different readings. The 2010s are the densest decade of publication, with 29 issues. The performers and issuing labels are as the discographic register states them; where it names no performer the article names none.
State of Decay 2 (Original Game Soundtrack)
2018
Borderlands 2 Campaign Add‐On: Mister Torgue’s Campaign of Carnage Original Soundtrack
2013
Assassin’s Creed Revelations, Vol
II (Single Player) [Original Game Soundtrack]
2011
OLYMPIANS
2012
The Pre‐Sequel - Claptastic Voyage (Original Soundtrack)
2015
Warhammer 40,000: Darktide Vol
5 (Original Soundtrack)
2026
2 (Original Soundtrack)
2023
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla: Out of the North (Original Soundtrack)
2020
Contracts
2004
Messiah in-game soundtrack
1999
A Quiet Drink Soundtrack
2019
Nightwar
2017
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla (Selected Game Soundtrack)
2020
Heroes and Generals
2014
Codename 47
2000
State of Decay 2 Juggernaut Edition Soundtrack
2020
Darksiders II Original Soundtrack
2012
Assassin’s Creed II: The Original Game Soundtrack
2009
End Times – Vermintide (Original Soundtrack)
2015
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla: Sons of the Great North (Original Soundtrack)
2021
Assassin’s Creed 2: Rare Tracks
2019
Original Soundtrack
2009
Ultimatum
2011
The Walking Dead Onslaught (Official Soundtrack)
2024
Blood Money Original Soundtrack
2006
Codename 47 / Hitman 2: Silent Assassin
2005
Five Worlds of Plarium
2015
Season 2
2014
The Nations in-Game Soundtrack
2009
I (Single Player) [Original Game Soundtrack]
2011
3 (Original Soundtrack)
2024
Borderlands 3: Guns, Love and Tentacles
2020
Assassin’s Creed: Brotherhood: The Original Game Soundtrack
2010
Ezio’s Family (Møme remix)
2022
State of Decay: Year-One Survival Edition
2015
State of Decay
2013
Kane & Lynch: Dead Men Original Soundtrack
2007
Samson
2026
Assassin’s Creed: The Original Game Soundtrack
2007
The Makers Guardian
2012
Borderlands 3: Takedown at the Guardian Breach
2020
Vermintide 2 (Original Soundtrack)
2018
The Pre-Sequel: Original Soundtrack
2014
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla: The Ravens Saga (Original Soundtrack)
2020
CRAZXY (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2026
Assassin’s Creed: Revelations: Original Game Soundtrack: The Complete Recordings
2011
Warhammer 40,000: Darktide (Original Soundtrack)
2022
ASSASSIN’S CREED EZIO SAGA Original Soundtrack
2012
Invasion: Original Soundtrack
2005
Assassin’s Creed Valhalla (Original Game Soundtrack)
2020
The Pre-Sequel: The Soundtrack (Disc 3)
Assassin’s Creed: The Best of Jesper Kyd
2016
Call of the Arbiter (Original Soundtrack)
2023
4 (Original Soundtrack)
2025
Assassin’s Creed: The Ezio Collection: Best of the Original Game Soundtrack
2016
The Journey (Official Soundtrack)
2017
Assassin’s Creed Soundtrack
2011
The Adventures of Batman and Robin
1995
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Jesper Kyd”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
institutional register
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q316449: Jesper Kyd
Unverified · Wikimedia Foundation
Awards
• Year — Title — Notes • 2005 — BAFTA Award for Best Original Music[28] — For Hitman: Contracts • 2005 — G.A.N.G. Award for Best Cinematic/Cut-Scene Audio[29] • 2009 — G.A.N.G. Award for Music of the Year • Hollywood Music in Media Award[30] • 2018 — Nile Rodgers Global Creators Award[31]
Authority records
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.jesperkyd.com. Jesper Kyd | About.
- 2.IP.Board. I Like To Know Which Music School Jesper Went To. Official Jesper Kyd forum.
- 3.Köhn, Johan. Jesper Kyd interview with Spelmusik. Spelmusik.net. 12 August 2004.
- 4.The Silents. Jesper Kyd collection. Pouet.net. 31 March 2003.
- 5.Jesper Kyd. Amiga Music Preservation. 14 December 2000.
- 6.Crionics. Pouet.net.
- 7.Crionics & The Silents. Hardwired. Pouet.net. 6 December 2012.
- 8.Making Tracks: 7 Questions for 'Assassin's Creed', 'Borderlands' and 'State of Decay' Composer Jesper Kyd. Forbes.
- 9.Weedon, Paul. Jesper Kyd interview: Assassin's Creed, Hitman and more. Den of Geek. Dennis Publishing Limited. 6 October 2014.
- 10.Tolbert, Samuel. Assassin's Creed 2 composer Jesper Kyd returns for Assassin's Creed Valhalla (update). Windows Central. 2020-05-11.
- 11.Staff. 10 questions for Jesper Kyd – the composer behind Assassin's Creed, Hitman & Darksiders 2. Official PlayStation Magazine. Future Publishing Limited. 8 November 2012.
- 12.Laced Records. How Jesper Kyd forged the grimdark rustpunk of Warhammer 40,000: Darktide.
- 13.Jesper Kyd: Music Transcends All Platforms. Plarium.
- 14.Dodd, Adam. Jesper Kyd On Composing For 'State of Decay' and "Metal Hurlant Chronicles". Bloody Disgusting. 19 April 2014.
- 15.Williamson, Steven. Jesper Kyd: Unreal Tournament 2007. Hexus. The Media Team. 13 April 2006.
- 16.Nguyen, John. Composer Jesper Kyd on Assassin's Creed Brotherhood and Curing Insomnia (Interview). Nerd Reactor. 29 November 2010.
- 17.Webb, Charles. Interview: Composer Jesper Kyd, 'Metal Hurlant Chronicles,' And the Sounds of Sci-fi. MTV News. MTV. 3 July 2012.
- 18.D., Spence. Jesper Kyd and Assassin's Creed. IGN. Ziff Davis, LLC. 1. 11 December 2007.
- 19.Taylor, Paul. "Raiders of the Lost Arts" Interview with BAFTA award-winning Danish composer Jesper Kyd. Music4Games. 9 January 2005.
- 20.D., Spence. Jesper Kyd and Assassin's Creed. IGN. Ziff Davis, LLC. 4. 11 December 2007.
- 21.Too Much Dedication, LLC. Songs by Jesper Kyd. bemanistyle.com.
- 22.Tamburro, Paul. Assassin's Creed Composer Jesper Kyd on the Creative Process and His Favorite Soundtrack. CraveOnline. 1 July 2005.
- 23.Evoker. Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood - Interview. UGDB.com. Eighth Art Ltd. 14 September 2010.
- 24.Makuch, Eddie. Listen To The Pulsing, Electronic Music From Crytek's VR Game, Robinson: The Journey. GameSpot. CBS Interactive Inc. 27 January 2017.
- 25.UBM. Jesper Kyd Scores Warhammer: Vermintide 2. Gamasutra. 18 January 2018.
- 26.State of Decay 3 just gave us a release year, and at least that's something? PC Gamer. www.pcgamer.com.
- 27.The Arbiter calls. Will you answer?. Call of the Arbiter.
- 28.Jesper Kyd - Awards. IMDb.
- 29.3rd Annual GANG Awards - 2004 Released Games. Audio Gang. 2004.
- 30.Assassin's Creed II. IMDb.
- 31.Future Publishing Limited Quay House. Composer Jesper Kyd to receive Nile Rodgers Global Creators Award at 2018 Canadian Music Week. Electronic Musician. 25 April 2018.
- 32.MTV - Video Music Awards. Game Trailers. 31 August 2006.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
reference work
Partially resolvedinstitutional register
Wikidata, structured authority record Q316449: Jesper KydWikimedia Foundation
Unverified
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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