jal tarang

• Name — Jaltarang • Background — percussion • Names — * Jaltarang • jal-tarang • jal-yantra, jalatarangam • jalatharangam • Classification — Percussion • Musicians — * Seetha Doraiswamy • Shashikala Dani • Anayampatti S. Ganesan • Developed — 4th–6th centuries CE • Hornbostel Sachs — 111.242.11 • Hornbostel Sachs Desc — Resting bells whose opening faces upward

The earliest mention of the jal tarang is found in Vatsyayana's Kamasutra, as playing on musical glasses filled with water. Jal tarang was also mentioned in the medieval Sangeet Parijaat text, which categorized the instrument under Ghan-Vadya (idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion idiophones.) The SangeetSaar text considers 22 bowls to be a complete jal tarang and 15 to be of mediocre status. The bowls, of varying sizes, are made of either bronze or porcelain. Jal tarang was also called jal-yantra in medieval times, and poets of the Krishna cult (also called Ashtachhap poets) have mentioned the instrument.

• Illustration — Porcelain jal tarang bowls Water is poured into the bowls, and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water. The number of bowls depends on the melody being played. The bowls are mostly arranged in a semicircle in front of the player, who can then reach them all easily. The player softly hits the edges of the bowls with a wooden stick to produce sound.