J. J. Phillips

• Birth Name — Jane J. Phillips • Born — April 2, 1944 • Occupation — Poet and novelist • Education — Immaculate Heart College • Notable Works — Mojo Hand (1966) • Awards — American Book Award, Lifetime Achievement

J. J. Phillips grew up in Los Angeles, California, in a progressive African-American family; her mother was a school teacher for 60 years, her father was Pasadena's first African-American attorney and real-estate developer. Phillips has said: "My immediate family was assimilated, atheist, and were for all intents and purposes indistinguishable from Caucasians in visage and speech." Phillips studied at Immaculate Heart College, where as a freshman in 1962 she became interested in black roots music and travelled to Raleigh, North Carolina, to join the civil rights movement. She worked on a National Student Association voter-registration campaign and later joined a Congress of Racial Equality-sit-in at a Howard Johnson's restaurant, where she was arrested, spending 30 days in the county jail before returning to California. After reading The Country Blues by Samuel Charters, she listened to the music of Lightnin' Hopkins and determined to meet him, going with a roommate to Houston, Texas, to hear him play. She was expelled from Immaculate Heart College in January 1963, and has recalled: "I was extremely distraught. I wanted to be in school, but clearly the nuns didn't want me there. And soon after that I cam up with the idea to write a book that combined my fascination with Lightnin' with my abiding interest in herpetology, especially the blacksnake, which became the first name of the blues singer in Mojo Hand." That debut novel, published in 1966, and reprinted 20 years later as Mojo Hand: An Orphic Tale (with restored Orphic references that were cut by the original publisher), has been characterised as a "blues lament in literary form". The Los Angeles Times reviewer wrote in 1986: "Mojo Hand anticipates the lessons of much recent black women's fiction--here, the women hold things together, often literally tying random moments of humor and beauty into an at least tolerable daily tapestry. Phillips' novel is true to its African and Greek antecedents, showing the uncanny links between musical, mystical and sexual intoxication. The moral ambiguities of these ties have rarely been so economically, knowingly, or eloquently portrayed as here." An extract from Mojo Hand was included in Margaret Busby's anthology Daughters of Africa, published in the 1990s. In 2015, the novel was described by Nat Hentoff as the "most neglected book I know of". In a New York Times retrospective in 2024, Sadie Stein called Mojo Hand a "genre-defying, wildly idiosyncratic, astounding novel":

J. J. Phillips' papers are held at Emory University.

• Revised as Mojo Hand: An Orphic Tale (City Miner Books, 1985; Serpent's Tail, 1987). * Poems • "Nigga in the Woodpile", in KONCH, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 32–34 (Spring, 1990). • Revised and published online in Konch (2008). Corrected and republished with an accompanying essay as Nigga in the Woodpile: A Rant (Serendipity Books, 2008). • "Brautigan’s Brains" (2002). Later published online in Exquisite Corpse. • "Lines Gleaned from the ŠÀ.ZI.GA", Exquisite Corpse. • "Three Poems to the Eternal Beloved", Exquisite Corpse. • "Throat Song: A Threnody for Ibrahim Qashoush", Exquisite Corpse. Other • Co-edited The Before Columbus Foundation Poetry Anthology: Selections from the American Book Awards, 1980-1990 (W. W. Norton & Company, 1992)..