Hendrick Dubbels

He married in 1651 and again in 1656, when he described himself as a "painter", but he is described as a "shopkeeper" in 1663 and 1665, when he was made bankrupt. He had been a "winkelier" or haberdasher-draper, "selling caps, bonnets and stockings". This was presumably an unsuccessful attempt to escape from the highly competitive Amsterdam art world. His earliest dated work is a drawing from 1641, with a dated painting from 1643. His marine style was initially based on that of Jan Porcellis, then that of Simon de Vlieger in whose studio he worked c. 1650–3, bringing him into contact with Jan van de Cappelle. The 1650s were the period of his best work, including his winter landscapes, which were strongly influenced by those of Jan van de Cappelle, as were his tranquil marine scenes. He then worked for Willem van de Velde the Elder and his son Willem II until they left for London after the rampjaar ("Year of Disasters") of 1672. In the late 1650s or early 1660s he trained Ludolf Bakhuizen, the leading Dutch marine painter of the last decades of the century, for whom he later worked. Abraham Storck was another influence on his later work, which declined sharply in quality from the 1680s. In his last years he painted inferior replicas of his own earlier works and those of others. He was buried in the Nieuwe Zuids chapel on October 20, 1707 – a recent archival discovery, before which he was often said, following Bredius, to have died, or at least vanished from view, in the late 1670s. There are works in the National Gallery (right) and National Maritime Museum in London, the Louvre and many other collections.

The recorded working language is Dutch. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are marine. Places of work recorded in the authority are Amsterdam. Works named in the authority record are River view, Calm sea and View of Batavia. Work by Hendrick Dubbels is recorded in the collections of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Museo del Prado, Nationalmuseum, Amsterdam Museum and Nivaagaard Museum.

Identity and origins. The authorities additionally record the headings Hendrick Jacobsz. Dubbels, Hendrik Dubbels, Hendrick Jacobsz Dubbels, Heynrick Dubbels and Hendrik Jakobsz. His recorded language was Dutch.