He-gassen
He-gassen (Fart competitions), or, designates a humorous theme (genre) in a Japanese art scrolls (often also the titles of the scrolls themselves), created during the Edo period (1603–1868) and earlier by various artists, often preferring to remain anonymous, depicting flatulence humor. He-gassen, as a subject occasionally depicted in Japanese art, is first attested at the end of the Heian Period (794–1185). Toba Sōjō (1053–1140), in addition to his famous Scrolls of Frolicking Animals, is also mentioned as having painted scrolls on themes such as "Phallic Contest" and "He-gassen".
He-gassen
Unknown Unknown, may be Hishikawa-Moronobu · legend, gallery, PDF · Public domain
- Date
- 1603
- Material
- ink · paper
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Documentary evidence
Documentary basis
Authority files
wikidata · Q866925 · wikipedia · He-gassen
In this article
Notable examples
Notable examples
• Kachie Emaki (勝得絵巻) (scroll), anonymous (15th century, copy of earlier work), Mitsui Memorial Museum. • Hōhi Gassen Emaki (放屁合戦絵巻) (scroll; 1449, copy of earlier work) Suntory Museum of Art. • Hōhi Gassen Zu (放屁合戦図) (sliding screen) The Museum of Art, Kōchi. • Hōhi Gassen Emaki (放屁合戦絵巻) (two scrolls) by Kawanabe Kyōsai (1867), Kawanabe Kyosai Memorial Museum (in Warabi, Saitama). Separately, a parody by Kyōsai from 1876, bearing the title Fart Contest as Japan Adopts Western Culture Illustrated Scroll (開化放屁合戦絵巻), is in a private collection. • Onara Gassen (於那羅合戦) by Ogawa Usen (1921), Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Art.
Waseda University scroll
Waseda University scroll
One scroll in the possession of the Waseda University Library has been digitized. The Waseda University scroll ends on the far left with a colophon, stating that this is an 1846 work by a 69-year-old Fukuyama painter called Airan 2=福山 画師 六十九歳 相覧 (4=Fukuyama eshi roku jū kyū-sai Airan), being a copy of a 1680 original painted by Hishikawa Moronobu. The artist is possibly Murakata Airan (1778 – c.1846). The scroll begins at the far right, with a scene of men of various ranks (the lacquered black caps indicate court ranks, the others are commoners) spreading news of a fart contest, scenes of men passing along the news and carrying baskets of taro, and a cooking scene where the food is being prepared and eaten.
History of the document
Dated record
History of the document
The full dated record · 2 entries
1603
He-gassen created.
1603
He-gassen is recorded from 1603.
Text attribution
Licensing
Text attribution
Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article He-gassen, revision 1356247809 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
References
Citations
References
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Secondary witnessreference work
Secondary witness
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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