Hartford County

Included in the Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown metropolitan statistical area. On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.

• County — Hartford County • State — Connecticut • Type — County • Founded — May 10, 1666 • Seat — none (since 1960), Hartford (before 1960) • Largest City — Hartford (population) Glastonbury (area) • City Type — municipality • Area Total Sq Mi — 750 • Area Land Sq Mi — 735 • Area Water Sq Mi — 16 • Area Water Percent — 2.1% • Population As Of — 2020 • Population Total — 899498 • Population Density Sq Mi — 1199.3 • District — 1st • District2 — 2nd • District3 — 5th • Named For — Hertfordshire, England • Time Zone — Eastern

Hartford County was one of four original counties in Connecticut established on May 10, 1666, by an act of the Connecticut General Court. The act establishing the county states: • This Court orders that the Townes on the River from y ee • north bounds of Windsor w th Farmington to y e south end of • y e bounds of Thirty Miles Island shalbe & remaine to be one • County w ch shalbe called the County of Hartford. And it • is ordered that the County Court shalbe kept at Hartford on • the 1st Thursday in March and on the first Thursday in September yearely. As established in 1666, Hartford County consisted of the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, Hartford, Farmington, and Middletown. The "Thirty Miles Island" referred to in the constituting Act was incorporated as the town of Haddam in 1668. In 1670, the town of Simsbury was established, extending Hartford County to the Massachusetts border. In the late 17th to early 18th centuries, several more towns were established and added to Hartford County: Waterbury in 1686 (transferred to New Haven County in 1728), Windham in 1694 (transferred to Windham County in 1726), Hebron in 1708 (transferred to Tolland County in 1785), Coventry in 1712 (transferred to Windham County in 1726), and Litchfield in 1722 (transferred to Litchfield County in 1751). In 1714, all of the unincorporated territory north of the towns of Coventry and Windham in northeastern Connecticut to the Massachusetts border were placed under the jurisdiction of Hartford County. Windham County was constituted in 1726, resulting in Hartford County losing the towns of Windham, Coventry, Mansfield (incorporated in 1702), and Ashford (incorporated in 1714). Northwestern Connecticut, which was originally placed under the jurisdiction of New Haven County in 1722, was transferred to Hartford County by 1738. All of northwestern Connecticut was later constituted as the new Litchfield County in 1751. In 1785, two more counties were established in what was now the U.S. state of Connecticut: Tolland and Middlesex. This mostly resulted in the modern extent of Hartford County. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the establishment of several more towns resulted in minor adjustments in the bounds of the county. The final adjustment resulting in the modern limits occurred on May 8, 1806, when the town of Canton was established.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2010, the county had a total area of 751 sqmi, of which 735 sqmi is land and 16 sqmi (2.1%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Connecticut by land area. The county is divided into two unequal parts by the Connecticut River, and watered by Farmington, Mill, Podunk, Scantic, and other rivers. The surface is very diverse: part of the river valleys are alluvial and subject to flooding, while other portions of the county are hilly and even mountainous.

• Hampden County, Massachusetts (north) • Tolland County (east) • New London County (southeast) • Middlesex County (south) • New Haven County (southwest) • Litchfield County (west)

In Connecticut, there is no county-level executive or legislative government; the counties determine probate, civil and criminal court boundaries, but little else. Each city or town is responsible for local services such as schools, snow removal, sewers, fire department and police departments. In Connecticut, cities and towns may agree to jointly provide services or establish a regional school system.

• Bristol • Hartford • New Britain

• Avon • Berlin • Kensington • Bloomfield • Blue Hills (part) • Burlington • Canton • Canton Valley • Collinsville • East Granby • East Hartford • East Windsor • Broad Brook • Enfield • Hazardville • Sherwood Manor • Southwood Acres • Thompsonville • Farmington • Glastonbury • Glastonbury Center • Granby • North Granby • Salmon Brook • Hartland • Manchester • Manchester (CDP) • Marlborough • Terramuggus • Newington • Plainville • Rocky Hill • Simsbury • Simsbury Center • Tariffville • Weatogue • West Simsbury • South Windsor • Southington • Plantsville • Suffield • Suffield Depot • West Hartford • Wethersfield • Windsor • Windsor Locks

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 899,498. Of the residents, 20.7% were under the age of 18 and 18.0% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 40.7 years. For every 100 females there were 93.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90.9 males. 94.2% of residents lived in urban areas and 5.8% lived in rural areas. The racial makeup of the county was 61.6% White, 14.1% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 6.0% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 8.9% from some other race, and 8.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 18.5% of the population. There were 362,021 households in the county, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 31.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. There were 385,307 housing units, of which 6.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 62.5% were owner-occupied and 37.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.8%.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 894,014 people, 350,854 households, and 227,831 families living in the county. The population density was 1,216.2 PD/sqmi. There were 374,249 housing units at an average density of 509.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 72.4% white, 13.3% black, 4.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 7.1% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic origin made up 15.3% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 15.9% were Italian, 15.6% were Irish, 10.7% were Polish, 9.4% were English, 8.8% were German, and 2.5% were American. Of the 350,854 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.1% were non-families, and 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 39.9 years. The median income for a household in the county was $62,590 and the median income for a family was $78,599. Males had a median income of $56,181 versus $44,273 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,151. About 8.0% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

As of the census of 2000, there were 857,183 people, 335,098 households, and 222,505 families living in the county. The population density was 1,166 PD/sqmi. There were 353,022 housing units at an average density of 480 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 76.90% White, 11.66% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 2.42% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.43% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. 11.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 15.2% were of Italian, 11.2% Irish, 9.1% Polish, 6.5% English, 5.7% French and 5.3% German ancestry. 78.4% spoke English, 10.3% Spanish, 2.6% Polish, 1.9% French and 1.6% Italian as their first language. There were 335,098 households, out of which 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 13.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.60% were non-families. 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.05. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.60% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 29.80% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $50,756, and the median income for a family was $62,144. Males had a median income of $43,985 versus $33,042 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,047. About 7.10% of families and 9.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.90% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over.

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. • Rank — Town — Per capita income — Median household income — Median family income — Population — Number of households — Pop. Density • 1 — Glastonbury — Town — $73,020 — $127,237 — $145,321 — 34,427 — 12,866 — 670 • 2 — Avon — Town — $55,879 — $105,116 — $129,651 — 18,098 — 7,009 — 770 • 3 — Simsbury — Town — $54,571 — $113,224 — $135,772 — 23,511 — 8,776 — 685 • 4 — Farmington — Town — $50,541 — $85,417 — $106,885 — 25,340 — 10,522 — 881 • 5 — Granby — Town — $46,687 — $97,500 — $111,339 — 11,282 — 4,194 — 277 • 6 — Canton — Town — $46,401 — $87,643 — $101,793 — 10,292 — 4,150 — 412 • 7 — West Hartford — Town — $43,534 — $78,530 — $102,547 — 63,268 — 25,258 — 2,837 • 8 — Burlington — Town — $43,392 — $115,341 — $120,580 — 9,301 — 3,291 — 306 • 9 — Marlborough — Town — $41,669 — $108,232 — $110,527 — 6,404 — 2,292 — 272 • 10 — Suffield — Town — $41,098 — $90,023 — $99,855 — 15,735 — 5,155 — 366 • 11 — East Granby — Town — $40,698 — $77,596 — $97,174 — 5,148 — 2,062 — 291 • 12 — Bloomfield — Town — $39,738 — $68,372 — $84,583 — 20,486 — 8,554 — 779 • 13 — South Windsor — Town — $38,945 — $88,350 — $94,602 — 25,709 — 9,918 — 896 • 14 — Berlin — Town — $38,134 — $86,211 — $98,677 — 19,866 — 7,808 — 736 • 15 — Wethersfield — Town — $37,329 — $71,284 — $91,563 — 26,668 — 11,204 — 2,036 • 16 — Hartland — Town — $36,874 — $85,956 — $91,188 — 2,114 — 789 — 61 • 17 — Southington — Town — $36,053 — $77,673 — $102,186 — 43,069 — 16,814 — 1,177 • 18 — Rocky Hill — Town — $36,021 — $72,417 — $88,750 — 19,709 — 8,307 — 1,426 • 19 — Windsor — Town — $35,780 — $78,695 — $90,856 — 29,044 — 11,233 — 937 • 20 — Manchester — Town — $32,752 — $61,571 — $77,018 — 58,241 — 24,689 — 2,103 • 21 — Newington — Town — $32,561 — $69,085 — $80,597 — 30,562 — 12,550 — 2,333 • 22 — East Windsor — Town — $31,162 — $64,301 — $76,502 — 11,162 — 4,750 — 416 • 23 — Plainville — Town — $31,000 — $63,447 — $80,205 — 17,716 — 7,580 — 1,814 • 24 — Windsor Locks — Town — $30,436 — $59,369 — $70,439 — 12,498 — 5,223 — 1,330 • 25 — Bristol — City — $29,629 — $58,537 — $72,038 — 60,477 — 25,320 — 2,257 • 26 — Enfield — Town — $29,340 — $67,402 — $77,554 — 44,654 — 16,794 — 1,306 • 27 — East Hartford — Town — $24,373 — $48,613 — $57,848 — 51,252 — 20,195 — 2,741 • 28 — New Britain — City — $21,056 — $39,706 — $45,990 — 73,206 — 28,158 — 5,463 • 29 — Hartford — City — $16,798 — $28,970 — $32,820 — 124,775 — 45,124 — 6,932

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races." • Rank — Town — Population — White — Black — Asian — American Indian — Other — Hispanic • 1 — Hartford — City — 124,817 — 35.1% — 39.8% — 2.9% — 1.5% — 25.1% — 42.4% • 2 — New Britain — City — 73,055 — 68.2% — 15.3% — 2.7% — 0.5% — 17.2% — 34.8% • 3 — West Hartford — Town — 63,066 — 84.6% — 7.4% — 8.2% — 0.7% — 2.3% — 9.1% • 4 — Bristol — City — 60,473 — 90.0% — 5.1% — 2.3% — 0.8% — 4.9% — 9.5% • 5 — Manchester — Town — 57,897 — 77.0% — 11.7% — 7.8% — 0.6% — 5.6% — 12.5% • 6 — East Hartford — Town — 51,091 — 54.4% — 25.4% — 7.3% — 0.9% — 15.5% — 25.7% • 7 — Enfield — Town — 44,747 — 88.5% — 7.4% — 2.1% — 0.4% — 3.5% — 7.2% • 8 — Southington — Town — 42,731 — 96.3% — 1.2% — 1.8% — 0.2% — 1.0% — 3.4% • 9 — Glastonbury — Town — 34,171 — 87.7% — 4.1% — 7.0% — 0.4% — 2.2% — 4.6% • 10 — Newington — Town — 30,441 — 86.9% — 6.0% — 6.3% — 0.6% — 2.5% — 7.2% • 11 — Windsor — Town — 28,962 — 56.4% — 37.6% — 5.0% — 0.5% — 3.7% — 8.4% • 12 — Wethersfield — Town — 26,641 — 92.4% — 3.4% — 1.8% — 0.5% — 3.3% — 8.8% • 13 — South Windsor — Town — 25,577 — 84.7% — 5.2% — 8.4% — 0.4% — 2.9% — 5.3% • 14 — Farmington — Town — 25,186 — 90.0% — 3.0% — 7.8% — 0.4% — 0.3% — 1.3% • 15 — Simsbury — Town — 23,498 — 94.3% — 2.3% — 4.0% — 0.5% — 0.4% — 2.3% • 16 — Bloomfield — Town — 20,406 — 40.1% — 59.0% — 1.7% — 2.6% — 1.4% — 3.7% • 17 — Berlin — Town — 19,694 — 94.3% — 1.5% — 2.7% — 0.4% — 1.9% — 2.7% • 18 — Rocky Hill — Town — 19,533 — 78.7% — 4.9% — 13.9% — 1.6% — 3.2% — 6.5% • 19 — Avon — Town — 17,859 — 90.5% — 2.3% — 8.0% — 0.5% — 1.0% — 4.2% • 20 — Plainville — Town — 17,670 — 95.7% — 2.9% — 2.3% — 0.3% — 1.0% — 4.7% • 21 — Suffield — Town — 15,513 — 86.3% — 9.6% — 1.5% — 1.5% — 4.0% — 5.8% • 22 — Windsor Locks — Town — 12,466 — 89.1% — 4.2% — 6.0% — 1.1% — 1.2% — 3.6% • 23 — Granby — Town — 11,192 — 96.1% — 2.7% — 1.2% — 0.1% — 1.3% — 4.0% • 24 — East Windsor — Town — 11,024 — 83.2% — 10.2% — 6.9% — 0.6% — 0.9% — 5.5% • 25 — Canton — Town — 10,139 — 99.0% — 0.6% — 1.1% — 0.5% — 0.4% — 2.6% • 26 — Burlington — Town — 9,191 — 97.8% — 1.1% — 1.5% — 0.1% — 0.3% — 2.5% • 27 — Marlborough — Town — 6,335 — 98.8% — 1.0% — 0.5% — 0.7% — 0.5% — 1.6% • 28 — East Granby — Town — 5,055 — 89.9% — 2.4% — 6.9% — 0.2% — 1.3% — 4.3% • 29 — Hartland — Town — 2,158 — 97.5% — 0.9% — 2.1% — 0.4% — 0.2% — 0.3%

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• Connecticut Transit Hartford

Prior to 1960, Hartford County was a Republican-leaning swing county in presidential elections. Since then, it has become solidly Democratic similar to most of New England, with the only Republicans to carry the county since then being Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their 49-state landslide victories of 1972 and 1984, respectively. Democratic Democratic Democratic Democratic

School districts include: K-12: • Avon School District • Berlin School District • Bloomfield School District • Bristol School District • Canton School District • East Granby School District • East Hartford School District • East Windsor School District • Enfield Public Schools • Farmington Public Schools • Glastonbury School District • Granby School District • Hartford Public Schools • Manchester School District • Consolidated School District of New Britain • Newington School District • Plainville School District • Regional School District 10 • Rocky Hill Public Schools • Simsbury School District • South Windsor Public Schools • Southington School District • Suffield Public Schools • West Hartford Public Schools • Wethersfield School District • Windsor Public Schools • Windsor Locks School District Secondary districts: • Regional High School District 08 Elementary districts: • Hartland School District • Marlborough School District