Guillaume Boucher

When the Flemish Franciscan missionary and traveler William of Rubruck reached Karakorum in 1254 on a mission from King Louis IX of France, he discovered a community of European Christians already present in service of the Great Khan, including Boucher. Present with Boucher in Karakorum were his wife, "a daughter of Lorraine, but born in Hungary", and an adopted son "who was a most excellent interpreter". Boucher had been living in either present-day Belgrade, Serbia, or Gyulafehérvár, Hungary, when he was captured by Möngke's half-brother Böchek during a Mongol invasion in 1241 or 1242. According to a woman from Metz William of Rubruck met at the Great Khan's winter camp, Boucher's brother Roger still lived on the Grand Pont in Paris. • Illustration — 18th-century drawing of Silver Tree fountain in front of Tumen Amugulang palace In addition to crafting jewelry for Mongolian women and altars for Nestorian Christians, Boucher's works included the Silver Tree, a towering tree-shaped mechanical drinking fountain sculpture outside the Great Khan's palace. The structure included a trumpet-blowing angel, four silver lions “all belching forth the white milk of mares,” and gilded serpents pouring wine, clarified mare's milk, bal (a honey drink), and rice mead into silver receiving bowls. While remains of the fountain are as of yet undiscovered, The German-Italian medieval and Renaissance scholar Leonardo Olschki believed some of Boucher's works may still exist in the Erdene Zuu Monastery, which was constructed from the ruins of Karakorum in the 16th century.

The following works and productions are recorded by name or by count. An infant blowing bellows into a furnace; allegory of the role of N. Lefevre in chemistry.