Friedrich von Bernhardi
Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi (22 November 1849 – 11 July 1930) was a Prussian general and military historian. He was a best-selling author prior to World War I. A militarist, he is perhaps best known for his bellicose book Deutschland und der Nächste Krieg (Germany and the Next War), printed in 1911. Describing war as a "divine business", he proposed that Germany should pursue an aggressive stance and ignore treaties.[1]
Also recorded as Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi
Friedrich von Bernhardi

Image from Cavalry in War and Peace (Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Cavalry Association, 1910) by Friedrich von Bernhardi · Public domain
- Name
- Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi
- Born
- 22 November 1849
- Died
- 11 July 1930
- Birthplace
- St.
- Place of death
- Hirschberg-Kunnersdorf, Lower Silesia, Prussia, Germany
- Awards
- Pour le Mérite
- Full name
- Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi.
- Nationality
- Kingdom of Prussia · German Reich
- Occupation
- military historian · military personnel · writer · army officer
- Education
- Prussian Military Academy
- Known for
- Das Heerwesen
- Honours
- Pour le Mérite · Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph · Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albrecht the Bold · Iron Cross 2nd Class · Order of the Red Eagle 1st Class · 1st Class Order of the Crown
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Documentary summary
Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi (22 November 1849 – 11 July 1930) was a Prussian general and military historian. He was a best-selling author prior to World War I. A militarist, he is perhaps best known for his bellicose book Deutschland und der Nächste Krieg (Germany and the Next War), printed in 1911. Describing war as a "divine business", he proposed that Germany should pursue an aggressive stance and ignore treaties.[1]
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Authority files
wikidata · Q71308 · wikipedia · Friedrich von Bernhardi
In this article
Biography
Biography
Friedrich von Bernhardi studied at Prussian Military Academy. The recorded working language is German. Positions recorded include military attaché. Works named in the authority record are Das Heerwesen. Distinctions recorded are Pour le Mérite, Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albrecht the Bold and Iron Cross 2nd Class.
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi • Born — 22 November 1849 • Died — 11 July 1930 • Birthplace — St. Petersburg, Russian Empire • Place of death — Hirschberg-Kunnersdorf, Lower Silesia, Prussia, Germany • Allegiance — Prussia Weimar Republic • Branch — Prussia • Rank — General • Battles — Franco-Prussian War World War I • Awards — Pour le Mérite
Biography
Biography
Bernhardi was born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire. His family emigrated to Schöpstal, Silesia in 1851. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), Bernhardi was a cavalry lieutenant in the 14th Hussars[2] of the Prussian Army, and at the end of that conflict had the honor of being the first German to ride through the Arc de Triomphe when the Germans entered Paris. From 1891 to 1894, he was German military attaché at Bern and was subsequently head of the military history department of the Grand General Staff in Berlin. He was appointed general in command of the VII Army Corps at Münster in Westphalia in 1907, but retired two years later and busied himself as a military writer. Widespread attention was excited by the memoirs of his father, the diplomat and historian Felix Theodore von Bernhardi,[3] which he published, and still more by his book Germany and the Next War. In Germany and the Next War, Bernhardi stated that war "is a biological necessity," and that it was in accordance with "the natural law, upon which all the laws of Nature rest, the law of the struggle for existence." Bernhardi served during World War I as a general. He fought with success first in the Eastern Front on the Stochod river, where he stormed the bridgehead of Zarecze on Stochod river, and afterwards on the Western Front, in particular at Armentières. He was awarded the Pour le Mérite on 20 August 1916, for his participation in the German defense against the Brusilov Offensive.
Identity and origins
Identity and origins
Friedrich von Bernhardi was recorded at birth as Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi. The authorities additionally record the heading Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi. His recorded language was German. He was the child of Charlotte von Krusenstern.
Identity
Identity
Friedrich von Bernhardi is recorded as having received Pour le Mérite, Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albrecht the Bold.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
The full dated record · 2 entries
1849
Friedrich von Bernhardi born at Saint Petersburg.
1930
Friedrich von Bernhardi died at Kunnersdorf (Schöpstal).
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Saint Petersburg.
Birth place
Kunnersdorf (Schöpstal).
Death place
Recognition and collections
Where the work is held
Recognition and collections
Friedrich von Bernhardi received Pour le Mérite, Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Albrecht the Bold, Iron Cross, 2nd class, Order of the Red Eagle 1st Class and 1st Class Order of the Crown.
Documents and archives
Primary material
Documents and archives
Institutional database
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q71308: Friedrich von Bernhardi
Scholarly · Wikimedia Foundation
reference work
- “Friedrich von Bernhardi”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
Awards and decorations
• Order of the Red Eagle, First Class with oak leaves • Order of the Crown, First Class (Prussia) • Iron Cross of 1870, 2nd class • Service Cross (Prussia) • Commander Second Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (Baden) • Grand Cross of the Albert Order (Saxony) • Lippe House Order, 1st class • Gold Cross of the Order of the Redeemer (Greece) • Officer's Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Savoy) • Commander of the Order of Franz Joseph (Austria-Hungary) • Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown (Romania) • Grand Cross of Military Merit (Spain) • Order of the Medjidie, 3rd class (Ottoman Empire) • Iron Cross of 1914, 1st Class • Pour le Mérite with oak leaves • Pour le Mérite on 20 August 1916 • Oak Leaves on 15 May 1918
Partial bibliography
• Videant Consules: Ne Quid Respublica Detrimenti Capiat (1890) (Let the consuls see to it that no harm comes to the republic) (published anonymously) • Unsere Kavallerie im Nächsten Kriege. (1899) (Cavalry in Future Wars) • Deutschland und der Nächste Krieg. (1911) (Germany and the Next War) • Vom heutigen Kriege. (1912) (On War of Today) • Vom Kriege der Zukunft, nach den Erfahrungen des Weltkrieges. (1920) (On War of the Future, in light of the lessons of the World War)
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Home Entertainment Library. The Modern world encyclopaedia : illustrated. 1935. 1091880941.
- 2.Bernhardi, Friedrich von.
- 3.von Bernhardi, Felix Theodore. Theodore von Bernhardi. German Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
Institutional database
Wikidata, structured authority record Q71308: Friedrich von BernhardiWikimedia Foundation
Verifiedreference work
Partially resolved
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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