Fath-Ali Shah Qajar

These two treaties are closely tied to Fath-Ali Shah's legacy amongst Iranians, who often view him as a weak ruler. Fath-Ali Shah successfully restructured a mostly Turkic tribal khanship into a centralized and stable monarchy based on the old imperial design. This brought to Iran a relatively calm and prosperous period, secured a mutually beneficial relationship between state and religion, established foundational principles of state administration, and supported cultural and artistic revival, which remained a distinctive feature of the Qajar dynasty. At the end of his reign, his mounting economic problems and declining military power took Iran to the verge of ruin. Fath-Ali Shah had many portraits of himself and his court created, with the intention to aggrandize his rule. These included most notably the rock reliefs which were created next to those left by the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire (224–651) in Ray, Fars and Kermanshah. This was done in an effort to portray himself as heir to the ancient Persian empire, not just to his fellow countrymen but to all of posterity. An inscription is located in Cheshmeh-Ali in Rey, near Tehran.

• Name — Fath-Ali Shah Qajar • Title — King of Kings Khan of Khans • Succession — Shah of Iran • Reign — 17 June 1797 – 23 October 1834 • Full Name — Fath Ali Shah • Born — 5 August 1772 • Birthplace — Damghan, Zand Iran • Died — 24 October 1834 • Place of death — Isfahan, Qajar Iran • Burial Place — Fatima Masumeh Shrine • Coronation — 19 March 1798 • Cor Type — Coronation • Predecessor — Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar • Reg Type1 — Grand viziers • Reg Type2 — Treasurers • Successor — Mohammad Shah Qajar • Dynasty — Qajar • Father — * Hossein Qoli Khan (biological) • Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (stepfather after 1779) • Mother — Asiye Khanum Ezzeddin Qajar • Spouses — * Badr Jahan Khanum • Ziba Chehar Khanum • Asiya Khanum Devellu • Maryam Khanum • Sonbol Baji Khanum • Tavus Khanum (Taj-od-Dowleh) • Golbadan Baji Khanum (Khazen-od-Dowleh) • More • Issue — * Homayoon Soltan Khanum • Begum Jan Khanum • Mohammad Ali Mirza • Mohammad Qoli Mirza • Abbas Mirza • Mohammad Vali Mirza • Hossein Ali Mirza • Hasan Ali Mirza • More • Issue Link — #Marriage and children • Religion — Shia Islam

He was born on 5 August 1772 in the city of Damghan, then under the governorship of his father. He was called Fath-Ali, a name borne by his prominent great-grandfather, Fath-Ali Khan Qajar. But he was mainly known by his second name of Baba Khan until his coronation in 1797. However, the Russians still called him Baba Khan until 1813, as they refused to recognize his rule. He was the eldest son of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar (the brother of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar) and the daughter of the Mohammad Agha Ezz al-Dinlu of the Ashaqa-bash branch of the Qajar tribe. Due to Hossein Qoli Khan being suspected of plotting to rebel against the Zand dynasty, Baba Khan (then aged five) was sent as a hostage to the court of the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand in Shiraz. There, Baba Khan joined his uncle Agha Mohammad Khan, who was also a hostage at the court. Baba Khan later returned to Damghan (according to the 19th-century Iranian writer Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat, this took place in 1775), where he was witness to the conflict amongst the Davallu Qajar chiefs of Astarabad, which ultimately led to the murder of his father by the Kuklan Turkmens in 1777. Baba Khan sought shelter with his uncle Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar in the village of Anzan (near Astarabad), where he stayed for two years. Following the death of Karim Khan in 1779, Baba Khan shifted his allegiance to Agha Mohammad Khan, who had returned to Mazandaran and overpowered Morteza Qoli and two other brothers in Barforush. Although Agha Mohammad Khan had been castrated at a young age, he married Baba Khan's mother in Sari and practically became his stepfather and guardian. In 1780, Baba Khan and Agha Mohammad Khan were captured in Baforush by the latter's brother Rezaqoli Khan Qajar, who was displeased with the favour that Baba Khan received from Agha Mohammad Khan. They were eventually released, and in 1781 Baba Khan seized Damghan from Qader Khan Arab Bestami, thus recovering his father's former domain. Baba Khan also captured and married Qader Khan's daughter Badr Jahan. In 1783, Baba Khan married his first Qajar wife, Asiya Khanom Devellu in Sari. The marriage was a political union organized by Agha Mohammad Khan to make peace with the Yokhari-bash branch of the Qajars, the clan of Asiya Khanom. Following Agha Mohammad Khan's accession to the throne at Tehran on 21 March 1786, Baba Khan was designated as his heir and vice-regent. Baba Khan took part in his uncle's war with the Zands in southern Iran, where he in 1787 narrowly succeeded in defeating the governor of Yazd, Mohammad-Taqi Bafqi, who acknowledged Qajar suzerainty. Baba Khan then went to Gilan to protect it against Qajar chiefs whose loyalty was questionable. • Illustration — Fath Ali Shah's relief added to the Taq-e Bostan ancient complex in the 19th century. • Illustration — Fath 'Ali Shah, in full regalia, seated on a bejewelled floor spread in the middle of a courtly interior, flanked by his sons and advisors standing on his sides, the subject and composition echoing 19th-century Qajar oil paintings. Baba Khan was governor of Fars when his uncle was assassinated in 1797. Baba Khan then ascended the throne and used the name of Fath Ali Shah (with the word "shah" added to his name). He became suspicious of his chancellor Ebrahim Khan Kalantar and ordered his execution. Hajji Ebrahim Khan had been chancellor to Zand and Qajar rulers for some fifteen years. Much of his reign was marked by the resurgence of Persian arts and painting, as well as a deeply elaborate court culture with extremely rigid etiquette. In particular, during his reign, portraiture and large-scale oil painting reached a height previously unknown under any other Islamic dynasty, largely due to his personal patronage. • Illustration — Fath 'Ali Shah enthroned on the Sun Throne with his twelve senior sons. At the shah's left-hand side, upper row, third person is Mohammad Taqi Mirza. Fath Ali also ordered the creation of much royal regalia, including coronation chairs; the "Takht-e Khurshīd" or Sun Throne; the "Takht-e Nāderi" or Naderi Throne, which was also used by later kings; and the "Tāj-e Kiyāni" or Kiani Crown, a modification of the crown of the same name created by his uncle Agha Mohammad Khan. The latter, like most of his regalia, was studded with a large number of pearls and gems. In 1797, Fath Ali was given a complete set of the Britannica's 3rd edition, which he read completely; after this feat, he extended his royal title to include "Most Formidable Lord and Master of the Encyclopædia Britannica." In 1803, Fath-Ali Shah appointed his cousin Ebrahim Khan as the governor of the Kerman province, which had been devastated during the reign of Agha Mohammad Khan. In Khorasan, there would be a growing revolt led by Nader Mirza, who would restore the Afsharid dynasty. The Shah's control was so limited in fact that an 1800–1801 tax register listed only Sabzevar and Neyshabur as paying taxes to the government, while the rest of the local Khorasani leaders paid no taxes to the state at all.

On 28 July 1797, Baba Khan ascended the throne of Iran in Shiraz. He ordered minting coins in Shiraz and Tehran initially as Soltan Baba Khan and later as Fath-Ali Shah. Minting coins under the shah's name, which was a precedent away from traditional coins minted with a Shia Imam's name, signified his hold to full sovereignty. His official coronation ceremony was held in Tehran on 19 March 1798, in which three celebration days were coincided, i.e., Nowruz, Fitr, and the shah's coronation. Ebrahim Khan served as his grand minister (grand vizier) with nearly full authority over the army and administration.

• Illustration — The siege of Ganja Fortress in 1804 during the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) by the Russian forces under the leadership of General Pavel Tsitsianov. • Illustration — War flag of Fath Ali Shah During the early reign of Fath Ali Shah, Imperial Russia took control of Georgia, a territory which Iran had ruled intermittently since 1555 with the Peace of Amasya. Georgia, led by Heraclius II, had forged an alliance with Iran's rival, Russia, following the Treaty of Georgievsk. To punish his Georgian subjects, his uncle, Agha Mohammad Khan, had invaded and sacked Tbilisi, seeking to reestablish full Iranian suzerainty over Georgia, in which he succeeded. Even though the Russian garrisons in the city had to retreat, Iran did not manage to put back all of its needed garrisons over the country as Agha Mohammad Khan was assassinated soon afterwards in Shusha, following with Russia's act of annexation of those previously-Iranian ruled parts of Georgia in 1801, after many Georgian embassies and a treaty. Also, not only was Georgia annexed, but Dagestan was also invaded, which had also been under Iranian rule since the early Safavid era. As it was seen as a direct intrusion into Iranian territory, Fath Ali Shah, determined to reassert Iranian hegemony over the whole region, declared war on Russia after General Pavel Tsitsianov attacked and stormed the city of Ganja, massacring many of its inhabitants and forcing many thousands to flee deeper within the Iranian domains. In 1804, Fath Ali Shah ordered the invasion of Georgia in order to regain it, under pressure from the Shia clergy, who were urging a war against Russia. The war began with notable victories for the Iranians, but Russia shipped in advanced weaponry and cannons that disadvantaged the technologically inferior Qajar forces, who did not have the artillery to match. Russia continued with a major campaign against Iran; Iran asked for help from Britain on the grounds of a military agreement with that country (the military agreement was signed after the rise of Napoleon in France). However, Britain refused to assist Iran, claiming that the military agreement concerned a French attack, not a Russian one. • Illustration — General Gardane, with colleagues Jaubert and Joanin, at the court of Fath-Ali Shah in 1808. • Illustration — Mirza Baba's depiction of Fath Ali Shah's victory over the Russians at Yerevan (National Museum of Iran) Iran had to ask for help from France, sending an ambassador to Napoleon and concluding a Franco-Persian alliance with the signature of the Treaty of Finkenstein. However, just when the French were ready to help Iran, Napoleon made peace with Russia. At this time, John Malcolm arrived in Iran and promised support, but Britain later changed its mind and asked Iran to retreat. Though the war had been stale for many years and was located in various parts of Transcaucasia, the peace with Napoleon enabled the Russians to increase their war efforts in the Caucasus against Iran. In early 1813, under General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, the Russians successfully stormed Lankaran. Russian troops invaded Tabriz in 1813, and Iran was forced to sign the Treaty of Gulistan with Russia.

After the siege of Ganja, the Russians under Pavel Tsitsianov proceeded to Erivan, besieging it. The Iranian forces inside Erivan's citadel prevented the Russians from making a direct attack, while those outside the citadel surrounded the Russians and cut the invaders' supply lines. Commanded by Fath Ali Shah and Abbas Mirza, the Iranians successfully defended the city and defeated the Russian attack.

• Illustration — Map showing Iran's northwestern borders in the 19th century, comprising Eastern Georgia, Dagestan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, before being forced to cede the territories to Imperial Russia per the two Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century. On account of consecutive defeats of Iran and after the fall of Lankaran on 1 January 1813, Fath Ali Shah was forced to sign the disastrous Treaty of Gulistan. The text of the treaty was prepared by a British diplomat, Sir Gore Ouseley, and was signed by Nikolay Rtishchev from the Russian side and Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ilchi from the Iranian side on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan. By this treaty all of the cities, towns, and villages of Georgia, villages and towns on the coast of the Black Sea, all of the cities, towns and villages of the Khanates in the South Caucasus and North Caucasus, and part of the Talysh Khanate, including Megrelia, Abkhazia, Imeretia, Guria, Baku khanate, Shirvan Khanate, Derbent, Karabakh khanate, Ganja khanate, Shaki Khanate and Quba Khanate became part of Russia. These territories altogether comprise modern-day Georgia, southern Dagestan, and most of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic. In return, Russia pledged to support Abbas Mirza as heir to the Iranian throne after the death of Fath Ali Shah.

Between 1805 and 1816, Qajar rulers began invading Herat in neighboring Afghanistan with small detachments. The Iranians were attempting to retake control of the city but were forced to abandon it due to Afghan uprisings. In 1818 the Shah sent his son Mohammad Vali Mirza to capture the city but he was defeated at the Battle of Kafir Qala.

• Illustration — Battle of Ganja, 1826, Franz Roubaud. Part of the collection of the Museum for History, Baku. In 1826, 13 years after the Treaty of Gulistan, the Shah, on the advice of British agents and the utter dissatisfaction with the outcome of the previous war, decided to occupy the lost territories. Crown prince Abbas Mirza, head of the armies, invaded the Talysh Khanate and Karabakh khanate with an army of 35,000 on 16 July 1826. The first year of the war was very successful, and the Iranians managed to regain most of their lost territories of the 1804–1813 war, including the principal cities of Lenkoran, Quba, and Baku. However, the tide turned after the winter. In May 1827, Ivan Paskevich, Governor of Caucasus, invaded Echmiadzin, Nakhichevan, Abbasabad and on 1 October he captured of Erivan. Fourteen days later, General Georgiy Eristov entered Tabriz. In January 1828, when the Russians reached the shores of Lake Urmia, Abbas Mirza urgently signed the Treaty of Turkmenchay on 2 February 1828.

The Turkmenchay Treaty was signed on 21 February 1828 by Hajji Mirza Abol Hasan Khan and General Ivan Paskevich. By this treaty the Erivan khanate (most of present-day Armenia, and also a small part of Eastern Anatolia), Nakhchivan khanate (most of the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan), the Talysh Khanate (southeastern Azerbaijan), and the Ordubad and Mughan came under the rule of Imperial Russia. By this treaty, Iran had lost most of its Caucasian territories, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Derbent to neighboring Imperial Russia. Iran furthermore pledged to pay Russia 10 million in Gold, and in return, Russia pledged to support Abbas Mirza as heir to the Iranian throne after the death of Fath Ali Shah. The treaty also stipulated the resettlement of Armenians from Iran to the Caucasus, which also included an outright liberation of Armenian captives who were brought and had lived in Iran since 1804 or as far back as 1795.

• Illustration — Fath Ali Shah Qajar's firman in Shikasta Nastaʿlīq script, January 1831. • Illustration — Fath Ali Shah Qajar with his Kiani crown, and the Royal Mace of Iran at his knees, painted by Mihr Ali Fath Ali later hired painters like Mohammad Hasan Afshar, writers and calligraphers such as Fath-Ali Khan Saba to make the Shahanshahnama, a book about his reign and wars with Russia that was commissioned between 1806 and 1810, inspired by the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, it is widely regarded as the most important Persian book written during the Qajar period. In 1829, Alexander Griboyedov, the Russian diplomat and playwright was killed in the Massacre at the Russian Embassy in Tehran. To apologize, the Shah sent Prince Khosrow Mirza to Tsar Nicholas I to deliver a formal apology, as well as one of the biggest diamonds of his crown jewelry, namely the Shah Diamond. When his favourite son and crown prince Abbas Mirza died on 25 October 1833, Fath Ali named his grandson Mohammed Mirza as his crown prince. Fath Ali died a year later, on 24 October 1834. He was buried in a tomb in the Fatima Masumeh Shrine of Qom. He is instantly recognizable in all 25 known portraits – mainly due to his immense, deeply black beard, which reached well beneath his narrow waist. One of these portraits is being exhibited in the collection of the University of Oxford. Another one, by the artist, Mihr Ali, is at the Brooklyn Museum. Besides eulogistic chronicles, the only real sources that allow us to judge his personality are those of British, French, and Russian diplomats. These vary greatly: earlier in his reign, they tend to portray him as vigorous, manly, and highly intelligent. Later, they begin to point out his extreme indolence and avarice. The image of decadence was epitomised by the story that he had a special harem slide of marble constructed. Every day, he would lie on his back naked "as, one by one, naked harem beauties swooped down a slide, specially made for the sport, into the arms of their lord and master before being playfully dunked in a pool."

• Illustration — Fath-Ali Shah at the Hunt. Gift from Fath Ali Shah to King George IV of the United Kingdom, now in the Rashtrapati Bhavan Presidential Palace, New Delhi, India. Fath-Ali Shah used both the ancient Persian title of shahanshah (King of Kings), i.e., Emperor, and the Turco-Mongol title of khaqan (khan of khans), thus representing himself as both ruler of the country and the tribes.

Fath-Ali Shah was the last Qajar shah to dress in the traditional manner, which included a decorated Persian long robe (qaba), crown, high heels, and a long beard. The Scottish statesman and historian John Malcolm, who met Fath-Ali Shah in 1800, described him as "above the middle size, his age little more than thirty, his complexion rather fair, his features regular and fine, with an expression denoting quickness and intelligence." In a portrait from The David Collection dated 1811, Fath-Ali Shah is holding a jeweled sceptre, in his left hand, while his right hand rests on the hilt of a sword or a Persian jambiya dagger tucked into his belt.

• Illustration — Muhammad Hasan (Iranian, active 1808–1840). Prince Yahya, ca. the 1830s. Prince Yahya, born in 1817, was the forty-third son of the Qajar ruler Fath Ali Shah (r. 1798–1834). Brooklyn Museum Fath-Ali Shah is reported to have had more than 1,000 spouses. He was survived by fifty-seven sons and forty-six daughters, along with 296 grandsons and 292 granddaughters. A book published in England in 1874 provided different numbers: "It is believed that Fetteh Ali had the largest number of children ever born to a man. Like a pious Mohammedan, he had only four wives, but his harem generally contained from 800 to 1,000 ladies. By these, he had 130 sons and 150 daughters, and it is believed that at the time of his death his descendants numbered five thousand souls. The three grandsons who merit notice were the sons of Hussein Ali, the governor of Fars, who aspired to the throne. The princes, Riza Kuli Mirza, Nejeff Kuli Mirza, and Timour Mirza, were at Shiraz when their father attempted to seize the throne. They were able to make their escape from the city." While this is a large number of children, the claim that Fatḥ-ʻAli holds the record is not true. (Moulay Ismail ibn Sharif, who lived a hundred years earlier in Morocco, is said to hold the record for the largest number of children born to a man.) Fatḥ-Ali's first son, Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlat Shah, was seven months older than the second son Abbas Mirza. Yet it was the latter who was named "Wali-ahd" or crown prince. This was because Dowlat Shah's mother, Ziba Chehreh Khanoum, was of non-Qajar origin (she was a Georgian woman), and therefore he was passed over in favour of his younger brother.

Here, a non-exhaustive list of Fath-Ali Shah's consorts is arranged in an interactive, table. Consorts • No. — Name — Birth — Marriage — Death — Mother — Father — Notes • _row_count — Badr Jahan Khanum — 1771 Bastam — 1782 — Shiraz — Ms. Khazimeh — Mohammad Jafar Khan Bastami Arab — first wife and first permanent wife; Her mother, Ms. Khazimeh, was a daughter of Ismail Khan Khazimeh, governor of Qaenat; Her father was the governor of Bastam; died a few years after 1801. • _row_count — Ziba Chehar Khanum — Georgia — Mr. Tzicarashwili — a Georgian woman from the Tzicarashwili family • _row_count — Asiya Khanum Devellu — 1782 — 1815 — Fath-Ali Khan Qajar Devellu — a permanent wife; buried in Karbala • _row_count — Asiya Khanum Qovanlu — Mazandaran — Mohammad Khan Qovanlu Qajar — a permanent wife; a sister of Soleyman Khan Nezam-ed-Dowleh Qovanlu Qajar; formerly married to Mehdi Qoli Khan Qovanlu Qajar, uncle of Fath-Ali Shah and was the mother Ebrahim Khan Zahir-od-Dowleh from that marriage; After the death of Mehdi Qoli Khan, Agha Mohammad Khan married her to Fath-Ali Shah. • _row_count — Nooshafrin Khanum — Badar Khan Zand • _row_count — Maryam Khanum — Mazandaran — a Jewish woman and former wife of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar • _row_count — Hajiyeh Badr al-Nesa Khanum Badran — Tehran — Mostafa Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu (Fath-Ali Shah's uncle) — divorced; She went to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage but died on her return; buried in Karbala • _row_count — Naneh Khanum Ostad (Hajieh Ostad) — c. 1792 — Mohammad Khan Mazandarani Pazavari — a sister of Muhammad Mahdi Khan Pazavari (Shahneh); She married to Fath-Ali Khan prior to 1793 when he was the crown prince (1786-1797). • _row_count — Fatemeh Khanum (Sonbol Baji Khanum) — 1786 Kerman — 1793 — Mr. Rahvari — a sister of Ali Akbar Khan Rahvari from the Bolouk of Kerman; When she was seven years old, Agha Mohammad Khan took her captive in the conquest of Kerman in 1793 and engaged her to Fath-Ali Shah. • _row_count — Kheyr al-Nessa Khanum (Aay Baaji) — 1798 — Golpayegan — Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar Qavanlu (Fath-Ali Shah's uncle) — a permanent wife; Following her son's appointment as the governor of Golpayegan, she moved together with her son and settled there. • _row_count — Maryam Khanum (Maryam Begom) — Sheikh Ali Khan Zand — a permanent wife; Following her son's appointment as the governor of Malayer and Tuyserkan, she moved together with her son and settled there. • _row_count — Tawus Khanum (Taj-od-Dowleh) — Esfahan — a concubine of Georgian descent and Fath-Ali Shah's favorite wife • _row_count — Golbadan Baji Khanum (Khazen-ol-Dowleh) — Georgia — a Georgian concubine, originally a woman in service to Fath-Ali Shah's mother; • _row_count — Kulsum Khanum — from a family of Sayyeds of Pazvar • _row_count — Begum Jan Khanum Qazvini — Qazvin — Hajji Sadegh Qazvini • _row_count — Agha Baji Begum — Ibrahim Khalil Khan of Karabakh — a permanent wife; She became a permanent wife following the death of Asiya Khanum Qovanlu. • _row_count — Begom Khanum — Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi of Sarab Khanate • _row_count — Gol Pirhan Khanum — Tbilisi — an Armenian concubine from Tbilisi • _row_count — Homa Khanum — Mazandaran — a Kurdish woman from the Jahan Bayglu family • _row_count — Qamar Nesa Begom — Hossein Qoli Khan Afshar Urumi — a granddaughter of Imam Qoli Khan Afshar who was the commander-in-chief of Azarbaijan Urumi • _row_count — Khatun Jan Khanum — Lotf Ali Beyk Esfahani — a sister of Golrukh Khanum (wife of Farukh Khan Amin-od-Dowleh) • _row_count — Mehr Nesa Khanum — sister of Mahmud Khan Dunbuli • _row_count — Shah Pasand Khanum — Shiraz — c. 1805 — born to an artist family; a dancer in Fath-Ali Shah’s court; married in 1805 or earlier. • _row_count — Naneh Khanum Barforoush (Mahd-e Olya) — 1805 • _row_count — Moshtari Khanum — Shiraz — born to an artist family; a musician, singer, and dancer in Fath-Ali Shah’s court; aged about 100 years. • _row_count — Tootee Khanum — Lorestan — 1839 Tehran — form the Lurs of Zand; a dancer in Fath-Ali Shah’s court; buried in Rey. • _row_count — Shah Pasand Khanum — Zanjan — from the people of Khamseh • _row_count — Shah Navaz Khanum — Bilbas — from the Kurdish tribes; a dancer in Fath-Ali Shah’s court. • _row_count — Shah Parvar Khanum — Qaradagh Azarbaijan — Dadash Beik Nayeb Farrash Bashi — from the Turkish people; a musician (Setar and Chogoor player) and dancer in Fath-Ali Shah’s court. • _row_count — Pari Shah Khanum (Haji Shah) — Armenia — from the Georgian-Armenian people; an actor and a tightrope walker in Fath-Ali Shah’s court; After 1834, she went to Mecca for pilgrimage and became known as Haji Shah. See more consorts

Here, a non-exhaustive list of Fath-Ali Shah's children is arranged in an interactive table. The table's denotations are: • S: Son • D: Daughter Children • No. — S/D — Name — Title — Birth — Death — Mother — Spouse — Notes • _row_count — S — Mohammad Ali Mirza — Dowlatshah — 1789 — 1821 — Ziba Chehr Khanum • _row_count — S — Mohammad Qoli Mirza — Molk Ara — 1789 — 1872 — Asiya Khanum Qovanlu • _row_count — S — Abbas Mirza — Nayeb os-Saltaneh — 1789 — 1833 — Asiya Khanum Devellu • _row_count — S — Mohammad Vali Mirza — 1789 — 1864 — Bibi Kuchak Khanum • _row_count — S — Hossein Ali Mirza — Farman Farma — 1789 — 1835 — Badr Jahan Khanum • _row_count — S — Hasan Ali Mirza — Shoja os-Saltaneh — 1790 — 1854 — Badr Jahan Khanum • _row_count — S — Mohammad Taqi Mirza — Hessam os-Saltaneh — 1791 — 1853 • _row_count — S — Ali Naqi Mirza — Rokn od-Dowleh — 1793 — Begum Jan Khanum • _row_count — S — Ali Shah Mirza — Zell os-Soltan — 1795 — 1854 — Asiya Khanum Devellu • _row_count — S — Sheikh Ali Mirza — Sheikh ol-Molouk — 1796 — Hajiye Khanum • _row_count — S — Abdollah Mirza — Dara — 1796 — 1846 — Kulsum Khanum • _row_count — S — Emamverdi Mirza — Keshikchi Bashi — 1796 — 1869 — Begum Jan Khanum • _row_count — S — Mohammad Reza Mirza — Afsar — 1797 • _row_count — S — Mahmud Mirza — 1799 — 1835 — Maryam Khanum • _row_count — S — Heydar Qoli Mirza — 1799 — Kheyr o-Nesa Khanum • _row_count — S — Homayoun Mirza — 1801 — 1856 — Maryam Khanum — died: 1856/1857 • _row_count — S — Allah Verdi Mirza — Navab — 1801 — 1843 — Banafshah Badam Khanum • _row_count — S — Esma'il Mirza — 1802 — 1853 • _row_count — S — Ahmad Ali Mirza — 1804 — Maryam Khanum • _row_count — S — Ali Reza Mirza • _row_count — S — Keyghobad Mirza — 1806 — Shah Pasand Khanum (Shirazi) • _row_count — S — Haj Bahram Mirza — 1806 • _row_count — S — Shapour Mirza — 1807 • _row_count — S — Malek Iraj Mirza — 1807 • _row_count — S — Manouchehr Mirza — Baha ol-Molk • _row_count — S — Keykavous Mirza — 1807 — Shah Pasand Khanum (Shirazi) • _row_count — S — Malek Ghassem Mirza — 1807 — 1859 • _row_count — S — Shah Qoli Mirza — 1808 • _row_count — S — Mohammad Mehdi Mirza — Zargam ol-Molk — 1808 — Moshtari Khanum • _row_count — S — Jahanshah Mirza — 1809 — Maryam Khanum • _row_count — S — Keykhosrow Mirza — Sepahsalar — 1809 — Shah Pasand Khanum (Shirazi) • _row_count — S — Haji Kiumars Mirza — Abol-Molouk (Molk-Ara) — 1809 — 1872 — Pari Shah Khanum (Haji Shah) — died: 1872/1873 • _row_count — S — Soleiman Mirza — Shoa od-Dowleh — 1810 • _row_count — S — Fathollah Mirza — Shoa os-Saltaneh — 1811 — 1869 — Sonbol Baji — He married the daughter of Ebrahim Khan Zahir od-Dowleh. • _row_count — S — Malek Mansour Mirza — 1811 • _row_count — S — Bahman Mirza — Baha od-Dowleh — 1811 — Khazen od-Dowleh • _row_count — S — Soltan Mohammad Mirza — Sayf o-Dowleh — 1812 — 1899 — Taj ol-Dowleh • _row_count — S — Soltan Ebrahim Mirza — 1813 — Begum Jan Khanum • _row_count — S — Soltan Mostafa Mirza — 1813 • _row_count — S — Seyfollah Mirza — Jahanbani — 1814 — Khazen od-Dowleh • _row_count — S — Yahya Mirza — 1817 — Begum Khanum • _row_count — S — Mohammad-Amin Mirza — 1819 — 1886 — Moshtari Khanum • _row_count — S — Zakaria Mirza — 1819 — s.p. • _row_count — S — Farrokhseyr Mirza — Nayer od-Dowleh — 1819 — Taj ol-Dowleh • _row_count — S — Soltan Hamzeh Mirza — 1819 • _row_count — S — Tahmoures Mirza — 1820 — s.p. • _row_count — S — Aliqoli Mirza — Etezad os-Saltaneh — 1822 — Gol Pirhan Khanum • _row_count — S — Soltan Ahmad Mirza — Azod od-Dowleh — 1824 — 1902 — Taj ol-Dowleh • _row_count — S — Eskandar Mirza — Saheb Khaghan • _row_count — S — Parviz Mirza — Nayer od-Dowleh — Begum Khanum • _row_count — S — Jalal ed-Din Mirza — Ehtesham ol-Molk — 1826 — Humai Khanum • _row_count — S — Amanollah Mirza — Agha Lili • _row_count — S — Soltan Hossein Mirza — Allahqoz Khanum • _row_count — S — Hossein Qoli Mirza — Jahansouz Mirza — 1830 — 1900 — Begum Khanum — Amir Toman; died: 1900/1901 • _row_count — S — Haj Abbas Qoli Mirza — Gol Pirhan Khanum • _row_count — S — Nouroldar Mirza • _row_count — S — Kamran Mirza — Naneh Khanum Barforoush • _row_count — S — Orangzeb Mirza — 1830 — 1867 — Naneh Khanum Barforoush — born: 1830/1831; died: 1867/1868 • _row_count — S — Mohammad Hadi Mirza — 1832 — 1897 — Moshtari Khanum — born in 1824 or 1832 • _row_count — D — Homayoon Soltan — Khanum Khanuman, Khan Baji — 1786 — Badr Jahan Khanum — Ebrahim Khan Zahir-o-Dowleh • _row_count — D — Begum Jan Khanum — Jan Baji — c. 1787 — c. 1833 — Badr Jahan Khanum — Mohammad-Qasem Zahir-o-Dowleh — mother of Malek Jahan Khanom and grandmother of Naser al-Din Shah; died before 1834. • _row_count — D — Seyyedeh Begum Khanum — Hamdam Soltan — c. 1792 — 1833 — Badr Jahan Khanum — Mohammad-Zaki Khan Noori — died of Cholera in Mecca • _row_count — D — Tayghun Khanum — 1793 — Naneh Khanum Ostad • _row_count — D — Fakhr Jahan Khanum — Fakhr-od-Dowleh — 1798 — 1858 — Sonbol Baji — Mirza Mohammad Khan — Mirza Mohammad Khan was a son of Hossein Qoli Khan (Fath-Ali Shah's brother); She divorced him. • _row_count — D — Ziaʾ al-Saltaneh — 1799 — 1873 • _row_count — D — Khadijeh Soltan Begum — Esmat o-Dowleh — Mirza Ebrahim Khan Nazer — Ebrahim Khan was a son of Haji Mohammad Hossein Khan Sadr-e Esfahani. They had one daughter and three sons: Sadr ed-Dowleh, Assef ed-Dowleh and Mohammad Bagher Khan • _row_count — D — Sarv Jahan Khanum — Fati Baji — Aga Khan I — Fati Baji was a servant of Sonbol Baji • _row_count — D — Gowhar Malek Khanum — Shah Bibi • _row_count — D — Ezzat Nesā Khanum — Naneh Khanum Ostad • _row_count — D — Gowhar Khanum — Gowhar Khanum • _row_count — D — Habbeh Nabat Khanum — c. 1804 — Moshtari Khanum — Amir Kabir Mirza Mohammad Khan — Mohammad Khan was a son of Hossein-Qoli Khan (Fath-Ali Shah's brother). She was his second wife, i.e., after Fakhr Jahan Khanum; They too separated. • _row_count — D — Pasha Khanum — c. 1806 — Moshtari Khanum — Sohrab Khan Gorji — Sohrab Khan was Fath-Ali Shah's treasurer. She was his second wife. • _row_count — D — Farzaneh Beigom Khanum — c. 1817 — Moshtari Khanum — Hossein-Ali Khan Moayyer ol-Mamalek — Hossein-Ali Khan (1798-1858) was in the mint industry, i.e. coin manufacturer. • _row_count — D — Mehr Jahan Khanum — Moshtari Khanum — Zeinol Abedin Khan Yuz Bashi — Zeinol Abedin Khan was a commander of 100 cavalrymen and son of Ghasem Hezar Jaribi (the head of servants). • _row_count — D — Hosn Jahan Khanum — Valieh — 1861 — Sonbol Baji — Khosro Khan — Khosro Khan was the governor of Kordestan. After his death in 1834, his son Reza Qoli Khan became the governor at a young age. Due to lack of maturity for the role, she acted as Reza Qoli Khan's regent in governorship of Kordestan. • _row_count — D — Tajli Begum Khanum — Sonbol Baji — Nasrollah Khan — Nasrollah Khan was a son of Ebrahim Khan Zahir-od-Dowleh. • _row_count — D — Mahnoosh Lab Khanum — Eftekhar-os-Saltaneh — Nooshafarin Khanum — Mirza Nabi Khan Qazvini — died after 1834; Mirza Nabi Khan was a courtier. • _row_count — D — Mah Taban Khanum — Qamar-os-Saltaneh — Nooshafarin Khanum — Mirza Hosein Khan Sepahsalar — married after 1834; Mirza Hosein Khan was a son of Mirza Nabi Khan Qazvini. He became Nasereddin Shah's prime minister. • _row_count — D — Agha Beigom — Shah Navaz Khanum — Mirza Ali Hezar Jaribi Sadr-ol-Mamalek

The authorities additionally record the headings Fath-Ali Shah and Fath-Ali Qajar. His recorded languages were Persian and Azerbaijani. His recorded confession was Shia Islam. He was the child of Hossein Qoli Khan and Asiye Khanum Ezzeddin Qajar. He married Agha Baji Javanshir, Zibachehr Khanom and Taj ol-Dowleh. 4 children are recorded: Abbas Mirza, Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah, Aliqoli Mirza Etezado-ol-Saltaneh and Mohammad Taqi Mirza. Other recorded relations include Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. Career and activity. Qajar worked in politics, military administration, literature and revival. Recorded positions include shah and Tayghun Khanum.

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar is recorded with the occupation patron of the arts. Recorded with the occupation military leader. Recorded as monarch, politician, military leader, poet and patron of the arts.