Ernesto Köhler

• Name — Ernesto Köhler • Born — 4 December 1849 • Birthplace — Modena, Italy • Occupation — Flautist, Composer • Died — 17 March 1907 • Place of death — Saint Petersburg

Köhler was born in Modena, Italy into a musical family. He was taught the flute by his father, Venceslau Joseph Köhler, who was the first flute of the Duke of Modena's orchestra. As a young student, Köhler exhibited a natural proclivity for his chosen instrument and made rapid progress in his studies. During these early years he embarked upon numerous concert tours in Italy with his brother Ferdinando, who was a noted pianist. At the young age of twenty, Köhler was eager to acquire a comfortable musical appointment in an orchestra while also seeing more of the world outside Italy. The fates soon smiled upon him as he acquired a position as first flautist in the orchestra of the Karl Theatre in Vienna in 1869. During the course of the following two years he continued to concertize and publish music for the flute and piano which attracted widespread attention among flautists on the European continent. At the urging of the Italian flautist Cesare Ciardi, Köhler subsequently left Vienna for an appointment as a flautist in the orchestra of the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersberg in 1871. Following the death of Ciardi in 1877, Köhler subsequently assumed a position as a soloist in the orchestra of the Imperial Opera in Saint Petersburg and rose to become the orchestra's first flautist in 1900. In this capacity, he served for several years as the premier flautist in the Empire of the Czar. Noted as a prolific composer for flute, Köhler wrote over 100 works for the instrument including études, duets, and flute solos. He also composed an opera (Ben Achmed) which was well received by audiences in St Petersburg in 1893. In addition, he completed several ballets including Clorinda which was also performed at the Imperial Theatre in St. Petersburg. He is well known among flute players for "Flöten-Schule" (c. 1880), his popular method for learning the flute, and for Progress in Flute Playing (his Opus 33, published in the 1880s), a series of three progressive instructional books for the flute player. Köhler also had ties to the mandolin community; he is credited with writing an early mandolin method, Mandolinen Schule, self instructor for the mandolin, first published in 1887. His mandolin method is thought to be the first mandolin method published in Russian. His publisher was Julius Heinrich Zimmermann. • Illustration — Picture of a younger Ernesto Köhler.

Ernesto Köhler died in Saint Petersburg on 17 March 1907.

While concertizing as a youth, Köhler was praised by critics for his brilliant execution, fine tone and the eloquence of his performances which inspired widespread approval from his audiences. The virtuoso flautist Leonardo De Lorenzo noted that his compositions embody both "genuine and spontaneous" melodic lines which reflect his "good knowledge of the technique of the flute" as well as a gift for selecting suitable accompaniment.

Köhler is credited with composing over one hundred works for flute. Included among his compositions is a complete theoretical and practical teaching method for the flute which was adopted by several music conservatories of his time on the European continent, numerous flute studies, duets for two flutes, works for two flutes accompanied by piano, salon pieces, virtuoso romantic etudes, a Concert Aria for Soprano, Flute and Piano (Op. 69), fantasies of German and Russian folk songs, a flute quartet and a concerto for flute and orchestra. In addition, he completed the opera Ben Achmed and scores for several ballets including Clorinda.

• Shephard Idylle, (Hirten-Idylle), Op. 58 • Concert Fantasia on a Russian Folk Song, Moskwa, Op. 62 • Concert Fantasia from the Opera Der Gouverneur von Tours (by C. Reinecke), Op. 64 • Flight of the Swallows, Concert Etude, Op. 72 • La Romantique, Concert Fantasy, Op. 80 • Zephyr Concert Waltz, Op. 81 • Fantasia, Concert Piece, Op. 91 • La Capriccieuse Concert piece, Op. 94 • Flute Concerto in G. minor, Op. 97 • II Concerto, unfinished, Op. 99

• Il Tramonto Del Sole, Idyll, Op. 2 • Reminiscenze Belliniane, Fantasy, Op. 3 • Danse Savoyarde, Salon Piece, Op. 8 • Chagrin, Salon Piece, Op. 9 • Fantaisie Romantique, Fantasy, Op. 13 • Valse Caprice, Waltz, Op. 14 • Bon Soir Romance, Op. 27 • Good Evening, Romance, Op. 29 • Six Brilliant Pieces, Op. 30 • Amorenttenstandchen Op. 36 • Marsch der Aengstlichen, Op. 37 • Frühlingslied (Spring Song), Op 38 • Alla Mazurka, Op. 39 • Tarantelle Napolitaine, Concerto Piece, Op. 42 • Danse Champetre, Concerto Piece, Op. 43 • Country Dance, Op. 45 • Kuss-Gavotte, Op. 47 • Reverie Poetique, Op. 49 • Auf den Alpen (On the Alps), Op. 51 • Dance Album (Books 1-3), Op. 53 • Amoretten-Ständchen, Op. 56 • Valse Espagnole, Op. 57 • Serenade, Op. 59 • Six Salon Pieces, Op. 60 • Six Easy Fantasias on Russian Folk Songs, Op. 61 • Six Easy Fantasias on German Folk Songs, Op. 63 • Oriental Serenade, Op. 70 • Valse Mignon, Op. 71 • Concert Fantasia on a Theme by Donizetti, Op. 73 • Italian Serenade, Op. 74 • At the Sea Shore Concert piece, Op. 76 • Three Characteristic Pieces, Op. 78 • Zukunftstraum (Dream of the Future), Op. 79 • Ten Concert Etudes, Op. 82 • Six Solo Pieces (6 Vortragstucke), Op. 84 • Carlton Mazurka, Op. 85 • La Perle du Nord, Concert Piece, Op. 86 • Four Morceaux Caracteristiques, Op. 88 • Love in Idleness, Fantasy (transcription), Op. 90 • Ruslan and Ludmilla, Opera by M. Glinka, Concert Fantasy, Op. 95 • Life of the Czar, Opera by M. Glinka, Concert Fantasy, Op. 96 • Caprice Original • Caprice Brilliant • Fantaisie Brillante sur des Motifs Italiens • Fleurs d'Italie Concert Fantasy • Mathilde, Concert Mazurka • Nocturne • Polka du Rossignol, Polka • Regrets, Melodies • Reverie Russe • Six Sonatinas • Souvenir de de St. Petersbourg • Saltarello, Scherzo

• Echo for Flute, Cornet and Piano, Op. 40 • First Concert Duet on a Melody by Schubert, for two flutes and piano, Op. 67 • Second Concert Duet on a Melody by Chopin, for two flutes and piano, Op. 68 • Echo, Concert Aria for Soprano, flute and piano (German and Italian text), Op. 69 • The Well, for Flute, piano and soprano, Op. 83, • Flower Waltz, for two flutes and pianoforte, Op. 87 • Au Vol d'Oiseau, Picturesque Scenes (cello ad lib.), Op. 98

• Marches and Gavottes (Book 4), Op. 53 • Gipsy Songs and Romances (Book 7), Op. 53 • Opera Album (Book 5), Op. 53 • Song Album (Book 6). Op. 53 • Forty Progressive Duets for two Flutes, Op. 55 • Grand Quartet for Four Flutes, Op. 92

• Theoretisch-Praktische Flötenschule (Theoretical and Practical Flute School) (2 vols.) • Der Fortschritt im Flotenspiel, Op. 33 • Twenty-Five Romantic Etudes (25 Romantische Etüden im modernen Stil), Op. 66 • Thirty Virtuoso Etudes in all Major and Minor Keys, Op. 75 • School of Velocity, Daily studies, Op. 77 • 22 Exercises for Technique and Interpretation, Op. 89 • 20 Easy Melodic Progressive Lessons, Op. 93 • Twenty Four Characteristic Etudes