Dildar
Dildar (Dildar, pron), born Yunis Reuf (Yûnis Mele Reûf; 20 February 1918 – 20 October 1948), was a Kurdish poet and political activist, best known for writing the Kurdish national anthem “Ey Reqîb”. The song was played in 1946 on the proclamation of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad. Today, this song is the official anthem of the Kurdistan Region.
Also recorded as Yûnis Reuf · Yûnis Mele Re'ûf · Yunis Re'ûf · Yunis Reuf
Dildar
- Name
- Dildar
- Birth Name
- Yûnis Reuf or Yûnis Mele Reûf
- Born
- 20 February 1918
- Birthplace
- Koy Sanjaq, Mosul Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Kurdistan Region)
- Died
- 20 October 1948
- Place of death
- Erbil, Kingdom of Iraq
- Movement
- Classicism
- Full name
- Yûnis Mele Re'ûf.
- Nationality
- Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
- Occupation
- poet, political activist and writer.
- Known for
- Ey Reqîb.
- Languages
- Arabic and Kurdish.
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Documentary summary
Dildar (Dildar, pron), born Yunis Reuf (Yûnis Mele Reûf; 20 February 1918 – 20 October 1948), was a Kurdish poet and political activist, best known for writing the Kurdish national anthem “Ey Reqîb”. The song was played in 1946 on the proclamation of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad. Today, this song is the official anthem of the Kurdistan Region.
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wikidata · Q983114
In this article
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Dildar • Birth Name — Yûnis Reuf or Yûnis Mele Reûf • Born — 20 February 1918 • Birthplace — Koy Sanjaq, Mosul Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Kurdistan Region) • Died — 20 October 1948 • Place of death — Erbil, Kingdom of Iraq • Movement — Classicism • Notable Works — Ey Reqîb
Early life and education
Early life and education
Dildar was born on 20 February 1918 in the Bafri Qandi Quarter of the town of Koy Sanjaq located in the Mosul Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, in what is now the Erbil Governorate of Iraq. In his youth, he attended primary school in Ranya. He then completed his secondary education at a high school in Kirkuk. Dildar then moved to Baghdad to study law.
Literary style
Literary style
Dildar’s first poem was published in the Ronakî magazine in 1935, while he was a secondary student and only seventeen years old. Many of his poems were written in the classical Kurdish style, characterized by quantitative rhythm and monorhyme, a traditional form that required great skill. His poems were published in the Ronakî and Galawêz literary journals in Erbil and Baghdad. He moreover introduced romantic and realistic elements in Kurdish poetry.
Law
Law
He graduated as a lawyer in 1945 and practiced law to defend the poor, farmers, and defending the Kurdish issues in general.
Political activism
Political activism
He joined the newly formed Hîwa Party in 1938, which became "[t]he first Kurdish organisation legally recognized, that seeks a united and free Kurdistan". Dildar relocated to Iranian Kurdistan to join the revolution led by Qazi Muhammad against the government of Iran, which led to his infamous arrest in Iran.
Ey Reqîb
Ey Reqîb
After being arrested, he was sent to prison in Iran, where he wrote the poem "Ey Reqîb" meaning "Oh Enemy", in 1938, referencing the prison guards, and expressing that the Kurds were alive and will not back down from fighting for a free Kurdistan. His expression of frustration and direct confrontation with the occupiers of Kurdistan made "Ey Reqîb" a symbol in the Kurdish cause for freedom.
Identity and origins
Identity and origins
Dildar was recorded at birth as Yûnis Mele Re'ûf. He also worked under the name Dildar. The authorities additionally record the headings Yûnis Reuf, Yûnis Mele Re'ûf, Yunis Re'ûf and Yunis Reuf. His recorded languages were Arabic and Kurdish.
Identity
Identity
Dildar is recorded as a citizen of Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Recorded with the occupation political activist. Recorded with the occupation writer. Recorded with the occupation poet.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
The full dated record · 2 entries
1918
Dildar was born on 20 February 1918.
1948
Dildar died on 20 October 1948.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Koy Sanjaq.
Birth place
Erbil.
Death place
Death and legacy
Dildar died of heart complications at the age of 30 and was buried in Koy Sanjaq, his hometown in the east of Erbil. He lived to see his poem "Ey Reqîb" being adopted as the Kurdish national anthem. Ey Reqîb was first played and sung in 1946 on the proclamation of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad. Today the song is played as the official anthem of Kurdistan Region and widely adopted by Kurds in the four parts of Kurdistan.
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The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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