Crystal Mines
Color Dreams was an American technology company formerly known for developing and publishing unlicensed video games for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). At a time when the vast majority of NES games were licensed by Nintendo, Color Dreams discovered how to bypass the 10NES lock-out system that restricted unlicensed software. The company operated in a legal gray area but was never sued by Nintendo.
Crystal Mines
- Name
- Color Dreams
- Date
- 1989
- Genre
- maze video game
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Documentary summary
Color Dreams was an American technology company formerly known for developing and publishing unlicensed video games for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). At a time when the vast majority of NES games were licensed by Nintendo, Color Dreams discovered how to bypass the 10NES lock-out system that restricted unlicensed software. The company operated in a legal gray area but was never sued by Nintendo.
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Documentary evidence
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wikidata · Q2795318 · wikipedia · Crystal Mines
In this article
The object
The object
Color Dreams also developed a reputation for the poor quality of its games and is now infamous for publishing games considered to be some of the worst of all time. The company attempted to shake its reputation and legal woes with name changes, launching the "Bunch Games" label and a separate Christian-themed publisher called Wisdom Tree. Color Dreams ultimately left the video game industry in the mid-1990s. The company began selling IP cameras and related surveillance equipment in 1996 and sold Wisdom Tree in 1997. Color Dreams is now known as StarDot Technologies.
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Color Dreams • Fate — reformed as StarDot Technologies • Successor — StarDot Technologies • Hq Location City — Brea, California • Hq Location Country — U.S. • Industry — Video games (formerly) Electronics (as StarDot Technologies) • Products — Various video games for Nintendo Entertainment System IP cameras (as StarDot Technologies) • Subsidiaries — Wisdom Tree (1990–1997) • Key People — Dan Lawton (founder)
Founding and early years
Founding and early years
Color Dreams was launched by Dan Lawton in 1989 in Brea, California, at the peak of the NES's popularity. The company had discovered a method to bypass the NES's 10NES lock-out chip. Nintendo's licensing requirements included a licensing fee and a restriction on the number of games a company could publish per year. Lawton opposed Nintendo's licensing requirements and saw a business opportunity in bypassing them: Color Dreams could sell more games at lower prices than competitors. Color Dreams also intended to modify the cartridges themselves, such as by adding an additional processor or accessing unused features in the NES hardware. After an internal legal review, the company believed they were safe from lawsuits and released Baby Boomer in 1989, with several other titles planned for quick release afterward. Color Dreams games were marked by a baby-blue cartridge (distinguished from typical gray cartridges). For the lock-out bypass to work, players had to physically insert the cartridges using a specific technique. Later models of the NES would prevent certain Color Dreams cartridges from working correctly, posing an ongoing customer service problem for the company. Games that were considered low-quality even by the standards of Color Dreams were released on a budget "Bunch Games" label. Five Bunch Games titles were released in 1990. Color Dreams published games at a rapid clip (six in 1989 alone), the vast majority for the NES. In 1990, they claimed to be developing the "SuperCartridge," an NES-compatible cartridge intended to compete with the upcoming Super Nintendo. The company stated it would debut with a game adaptation of the horror film Hellraiser. The SuperCartridge attempted to simulate a 16-bit color palette by rapidly alternating between two 8-bit palettes. This did not achieve the desired effect, and the cartridges were expensive to produce, so the project was scrapped. The Hellraiser project too eventually fizzled out, partly because of the failure of the SuperCartridge and partly because of marketing concerns. In 1990, Color Dreams formed Wisdom Tree, a spinoff company focused on Christianity-themed games. Because Hellraiser was a mature, gory film, Color Dreams management feared it would conflict with Wisdom Tree's wholesome image, and so the project was canceled despite the company paying $50,000 for the license to the Wolfenstein 3D engine. The company's experience with that engine, however, would eventually lead to the release of Super 3D Noah's Ark in 1994.
Success and sale of Wisdom Tree
Success and sale of Wisdom Tree
In addition to revenue from Christian video game sales, Color Dreams believed that Wisdom Tree would provide security against legal action. Color Dreams faced ongoing tensions with Nintendo. The threat of a lawsuit still loomed, and some retail stores declined to stock Color Dreams games, reportedly (though not proven) because of pressure from Nintendo. Color Dreams believed that Nintendo would not risk reputational damage by suing a publisher of Christian video games—a gambit that seemed to pay off as Color Dreams was never taken to court. Games under the Color Dreams label started to sell poorly, and games sold by Wisdom Tree quickly took off. Wisdom Tree produced some of the company's best-selling titles, with their first release Bible Adventures selling over 350,000 copies. Some Wisdom Tree games were re-themes of existing games; Sunday Funday, for example, was a Christian skateboard game based on the earlier Menace Beach. True to its origins, Wisdom Tree would also publish the only unlicensed SNES game ever released in North America, Super 3D Noah's Ark. Color Dreams began to pivot away from video games, launching a division called StarDot Technologies in 1996 focused on surveillance equipment. In 1997, an employee named Brenda Huff purchased Wisdom Tree and split it off as a separate company. Wisdom Tree continues to operate today selling religious video games. After the sale of Wisdom Tree, Color Dreams left the video game industry entirely and now does business as StarDot Technologies.
As Bunch Games
As Bunch Games
• Castle of Deceit (1990) • Galactic Crusader (1990; the U.S. version of Incantation, developed by Joy Van) • Mission Cobra (1990; the U.S. version of Sidewinder, developed by Joy Van) • Moon Ranger (1990; developed by Odyssey Software) • Tagin' Dragon (1990; the U.S. version of Colorful Dragon, developed by Sachen)
As Wisdom Tree
As Wisdom Tree
• Bible Adventures (1991) • Exodus (1991) • King of Kings: The Early Years (1991) • Joshua & the Battle of Jericho (1992) • Spiritual Warfare (1992) • Bible Buffet (1993) • Super 3D Noah's Ark (1994; for Super NES and MS-DOS) • Sunday Funday (1995)
Unreleased games
Unreleased games
• The Escape from Atlantis • Happy Camper • Hellraiser • Seven Gates to Eternity
History of the object
Dated record
History of the object
The full dated record · 2 entries
1989
Crystal Mines published.
1989
Crystal Mines is recorded as published in 1989.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
- United States
Video games published by Color Dreams
All games were developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System unless otherwise noted. • Baby Boomer (1989) • The Adventures of Captain Comic (1989) • Crystal Mines (1989) • Master Chu and the Drunkard Hu (1989; developed by Joy Van) • Metal Fighter (1989; the U.S. version of Joyvan Kid, developed by Joy Van) • Raid 2020 (1989) • Challenge of the Dragon (1990) • King Neptune's Adventure (1990) • Menace Beach (1990) • P'radikus Conflict (1990) • Pesterminator: The Western Exterminator (1990) • Robodemons (1990) • Silent Assault (1990; the U.S. version of Raid, developed by Joy Van) • Captain Comic II: Fractured Reality (1990; only for MS-DOS) • Operation Secret Storm (1991) • Secret Scout in the Temple of Demise (1991) • Crystal Mines II (1992; only for Atari Lynx) • Free Fall (prototype)
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Crystal Mines”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q2795318: Crystal Mines
General reference · Wikidata
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Voytko, Lisette. Artist Profile: Nina Stanley. Video Game History Foundation. 6 December 2017.
- 2.Eddy, Andy. Color Dreams May Be Nintendo's Nightmare. VideoGames & Computer Entertainment. 6. 28-31. July 1989.
- 3.Whatever Happened to Color Dreams. Electronic Gaming Monthly. 10. 101. 34. December 1997.
- 4.God 1, Nintendo 0. Game Informer. 95. 100-101. March 2001.
- 5.Woodyard, Chris. Nintendo Keeps Color Dreams Up Worrying. Los Angeles Times. October 24, 1990.
- 6.Floyd, Samuel. Interview with Wisdom Tree Owner Brenda Huff. Vintage Gamers. 23 February 2014.
- 7.Gibson, Nick. Interview: Brenda Huff. Sega-16.com.
- 8.COLOR DREAMS . THE STORY OF. NESworld.com.
- 9.The Whizz. The SuperCartridge. GamePro. 12. 22. July 1990.
- 10.How a Hellraiser tie-in became Super 3D Noah's Ark. Game Developer.
- 11.Behind the Nintendo Seal of Quality. VideoGames & Computer Entertainment. 20. 92. September 1990.
- 12.Worley, Joyce. Bits. VideoGames & Computer Entertainment. 25. 34. February 1995.
- 13.Parish, Jeremy. 20 Years of NES. Electronic Gaming Monthly. 196. 137. October 2005.
- 14.Halter, Ed. Play to Pray. Games for Windows: The Official Magazine. 1. 44-46. December 2006.
- 15.Matulef, Jeffrey. Unlicensed SNES game Super 3D Noah's Ark to be reprinted. Eurogamer. 14 January 2014.
- 16.Floyd, Samuel. Interview with Wisdom Tree Owner Brenda Huff. The Vintage Gamers. 24 February 2014.
References
Citations
References
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reference work
Secondary witnessauthority record
General reference
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 16 August 2026.
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