Chu Văn An

He was later given the posthumous name Văn Trinh.

• Title — Chu Văn An 朱文安 • Vie — 朱文安 • Qn — Chu Văn An • Hn — 朱文安

He was born in Văn Thôn village, Quang Liệt commune, in present-day Thanh Tri district, Hanoi. In the early life, he was famous as a straightforward man who passed the doctoral examination (Thái Học Sinh / 太學生) but refused to become a mandarin. Instead, An opened a school and began his career as a Confucian teacher in Huỳnh Cung village in Thanh Tri. An's teaching played an important role in spreading Confucianism into what was at the time Buddhist Vietnam. Under the reign of Tran Minh Tong (1314–1329), he became a teacher at the imperial academy (國子監) where he was responsible for teaching crown prince Vuong, the future emperor Tran Hien Tong. Under the reign of emperor Tran Du Tong, he became a high-ranking mandarin. • Illustration — Painting of Chu Văn An Later, he resigned and return to his home village because Tran Du Tong refused his request of beheading seven other mandarins whom he accused of corruption. For the rest of his life, An continued teaching and wrote books. He died of illness in 1370. An altar was erected in his honour in the Temple of Literature in Hanoi, where he is still revered.

The Seven Decapitations Petition (七斬疏) was written by Chu Văn An and presented to emperor Trần Dụ Tông to propose the beheading of seven officials he considered corrupt. Initially, as Dụ Tông was still a child, his father, emperor Trần Minh Tông, was in charge of the court. After his father died (in 1357), Dụ Tông took charge. However, he was incapable of ruling. During emperor Trần Dụ Tông's reign, the social situation became disturbing. Dụ Tông loved drinking, having fun with women and music. Officials were incompetent, pampering the emperor so that they could abuse their power. Famine was widespread. Loyal and dutiful subjects were killed. The court's historians, whose job was to dissuade the emperor, tried, but Dụ Tông did not listen. Chu Văn An was a righteous and straightforward official highly respected at court. The petition was lost, and its contents remain unknown. Even at that time, few people knew who were on his list. Still, the petition shook the country.