Brighton School
The core membership of the group consists of filmmakers George Albert Smith, James Williamson and Esmé Collings as well as engineer Alfred Darling; other names associated with the group include Collings' former business partner William Friese-Greene and the group's London-based distributor Charles Urban. While they were not the only early filmmakers working in Britain between the years 1895 and 1907, the group is considered to be the most prolific and influential. They are particularly known for their use of innovative techniques, including colour tinted films, trick photography, the first reverse angle shot in Attack on a China Mission (1900) the first close-up in the film Grandma's Reading Glass (1900) and zoom in the film The Big Swallow (1901), achieved by moving the camera closer to the subject.
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Documentary evidence
Documentary basis
Authority files
gnd · 1027582613 · wikidata · Q2251066
In this article
History
History
Smith's The Kiss in the Tunnel (1899) is considered to mark the beginnings of narrative editing. Despite being known as the Brighton School, both George Albert Smith and James Williamson lived and worked in nearby Hove, where they built film studios on the grounds of their houses. Towards the end of the period, the filmmakers increasingly gave way to their scientific and economic pursuits. The Hove Museum of Creativity has a permanent exhibition dedicated to the filmmakers.
The core membership of the group consists of filmmakers George Albert Smith, James Williamson and Esmé Collings as well as engineer Alfred Darling; other names associated with the group include Collings' former business partner William Friese-Greene and the group's London-based distributor Charles Urban. While they were not the only early filmmakers working in Britain between the years 1895 and 1907, the group is considered to be the most prolific and influential. They are particularly known for their use of innovative techniques, including colour tinted films, trick photography, the first reverse angle shot in Attack on a China Mission (1900) the first close-up in the film Grandma's Reading Glass (1900) and zoom in the film The Big Swallow (1901), achieved by moving the camera closer to the subject. Smith's The Kiss in the Tunnel (1899) is considered to mark the beginnings of narrative editing. Despite being known as the Brighton School, both George Albert Smith and James Williamson lived and worked in nearby Hove, where they built film studios on the grounds of their houses. Towards the end of the period, the filmmakers increasingly gave way to their scientific and economic pursuits. The Hove Museum of Creativity has a permanent exhibition dedicated to the filmmakers.
Term origins
Term origins
The term was coined by French film historian Georges Sadoul in an article that was translated and re-published in pamphlet form as British Creators of Film Technique by the British Film Institute in 1948.
Primary material
Documents and archives
authority file
- Gemeinsame Normdatei 1027582613, University of Brighton. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences.
General reference · Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
reference work
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q2251066: Brighton School
Reputable secondary · Wikidata
Text attribution
Licensing
Text attribution
Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article École de Brighton, revision 230465334 (FR edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=42.
- 2.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=40.
- 3.The Beginnings of THE CINEMA in England. University of Exeter Press. 1. 1998. 978-0-85989-954-3.
- 4.Grammaire du cinéma. Nouveau Monde. 2010. 978-2-84736-458-3.
- 5.harvsp Briselance Morin 2010 p=67.
- 6.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=43.
- 7.harvsp Briselance Morin 2010 p=71.
- 8.James Hart, traduction Jean Mottet, The Man who invented Hollywood: The Autobiography of D.W.Griffith, Touchstone Publishing Company, Louisville (Kentucky), 1972
- 9.harvsp Briselance Morin 2010 p=67.
- 10.Le champ-contrechamp est le rapprochement d’au moins deux plans, le champ est un plan vu selon une première direction et le contrechamp est un second plan vu dans la direction opposée. Les premiers champs-contrechamps ont été réalisés par James Williamson.
- 11.harvsp Briselance Morin 2010 p=81.
- 12.harvsp Briselance Morin 2010 p=88.
- 13.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=47.
- 14.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=53.
- 15.harvsp Sadoul 1968 p=48
- 16.Frank Gray, in www.victorian-cinema.net
- 17.Martin Sopocy, in www.victorian-cinema.net
Bibliography printed in the source article · 2
- John Barnes, The Beginnings of the Cinema in England (1894-1901), University of Exeter Press, 1996-1998 (5 volumes)
- Histoire du cinéma mondial, des origines à nos jours. Flammarion. 1968. 21634029.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
authority file
Gemeinsame Normdatei 1027582613, University of Brighton. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences.Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
Secondary witnessreference work
Secondary witness
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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