Beryl Gilroy

She worked primarily with Black women and children as a psychotherapist, and her children's books are lauded as some of the first representations of Black London. She is perhaps best known as the first Black head teacher in London.

• Name — Beryl Gilroy • Birth Name — Beryl Agatha Answick • Born — 30 August 1924 • Birthplace — Skeldon, Berbice, British Guiana • Died — 4 April 2001 • Place of death — United Kingdom • Education — University of London • Occupation — Writer, teacher • Known for — The first Black headteacher in London Black Teacher • Spouse — Patrick Gilroy (1955–1975; his death) • Children — Paul Gilroy Darla-Jane Gilroy

Beryl Gilroy was born in Springlands, British Guiana, on 30 August 1924, into a very large family. Her father died when she was young and she grew up in the care of her maternal grandparents as a sickly child. Both were influential: her grandfather taught her how to read and her grandmother, Sally Louisa James, affected her deeply. She was an herbalist who managed the family smallholding. Gilroy spent a lot of time listening to woman chatting as they worked; her grandmother in particular told her folkloric tales and Guyanese proverbs. Gilroy began creative writing during her childhood and was homeschooled, as her grandparents did not think a formal education was good enough for her. At the age of 12, she was sent to Georgetown for schooling, in part to allow her to discover her independence. Gilroy earned a first-class diploma from a teacher training college in Georgetown in 1945, then taught and lectured for a UNICEF nutrition program. She was also the school head of the infant section of the local governmental school. In 1951, she moved to the United Kingdom and earned a diploma in Child Development from the University of London. In a 1986 interview, she shared that she had to "relearn English because [she] spoke with Guyana idioms and Guyana expressions."

Being both Black and Caribbean made finding a teaching job difficult for Gilroy. She and E. R. Braithwaite were two of a handful of Caribbean teachers looking for jobs in London and were met with terrible stereotyping from British employers, namely their beliefs that Caribbeans were cannibals and lacked good hygiene. In the meantime, she worked in a mail-order factory, as a maid, and as a dishwasher in a café to support herself. She was eventually employed by the Inner London Education Authority in 1953, making her the first Black female teacher in London. Her first teaching job was at a poor Catholic school in Bethnal Green where her third year pupils had already been taught racist stereotypes by their parents. In her 1976 memoir Black Teacher, she recalls the children whimpering and hiding under the table when she first arrived. During this time, she met and married Patrick Gilroy, a British scientist of German heritage who was an active anti-colonialist. She stepped away from teaching between 1956 and 1968 to raise their children, Darla-Jane and Paul, and to earn her master's degree in psychology. She returned to teaching in 1968, this time as the deputy head at Beckford Primary School (renamed West Hampstead Primary School in 2021). Schools had become more racially diverse during her time away; she variably estimated that between 33 and 55 different nationalities now filled the classrooms. The British Parliament passed the Race Relations Act in 1965, making it possible for her to serve on the Race Relations Board. In 1969, she became the first-ever Black head teacher in London. Despite her rank, she received a lower wage than her oftentimes prejudiced colleagues. In 1980, she took an MA in education at the University of Sussex. She left Beckford in 1982 and moved to the Centre for Multi-Cultural Education, which was run by University of London's Institute of Education and the Inner London Education Authority. In the early 1980s, she co-founded Camden Black Sisters, an information and support group for local Black women. She started her PhD in 1984 at Century University in the United States and completed her doctorate in counselling psychology in 1987. She left the centre in 1990.

Black Teacher, Gilroy's 1976 memoir about her experiences as a Black teacher in London, was described by Sandra Courtman as an "experiment with an intermediary form – somewhere between fiction and autobiography, with a distinct non-linear structure. She felt compelled to write about her experiences as a teacher so a woman's story could be heard alongside books like Braithwaite's To Sir, With Love; she also wanted "to set the record straight." Marina Warner notes in the London Review of Books that, even though the books were both about being a Black Guyanese teacher in a poor, white London classroom: "Gilroy was accused of boasting and of exaggerating the prejudice she had faced; for her part, she complained her account had been softened in the editing. In To Sir, with Love Braithwaite had glowingly described his eventual success in an East End classroom, but he wasn't censured. A black woman's claims, however, were seen as vanity." Reviewing the book for Times Educational Supplement, a teacher from Stockwell Manor Comprehensive School argued that her rise to head teacher was easier than portrayed in the book. Edward Blishen's 1976 review for The Guardian concluded: "If in writing about her work in this multiracial school she doesn't always avoid mere splendid assertion, she makes up for it, again, with anecdotal details more splendid than any assertion." Since first publication, Black Teacher has been republished twice: by Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications in 1994 and in 2021 by Faber and Faber, the latter edition featuring an introduction by Bernardine Evaristo.

• Illustration — Grave of Beryl Gilroy in Highgate Cemetery Gilroy met her husband Patrick at the library at University College London. They married in 1954 and had two children: Darla-Jane and Paul. Inspired by the way her grandparents had raised her, she homeschooled both kids. Patrick died suddenly on 5 October 1975. She attended therapy to cope with her grief and came away even more interested in psychology and counselling than she already had been. She earned her doctorate in psychology and counselling 12 years later. Gilroy died at the age of 76 on 4 April 2001 at the Royal Free Hospital in Camden, London, from an aortic aneurysm. She is buried at Highgate Cemetery. She had been scheduled to deliver a keynote speech at the 4th annual Caribbean Women Writers Association Conference two days after her death. Gilroy liked fashion and enjoyed dressing up, even for teaching. The orange skirt suit she was wearing when she arrived in the UK was on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum as part of the Black British Style exhibition in 2004. She identified as a feminist throughout her life, something she felt was particularly important for Black women.