Arkady Gaidar
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (Russian: Арка́дий Петро́вич Гайда́р, born Golikov, Russian: Го́ликов; 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1904 – 26 October 1941) was a Russian Soviet writer, whose stories were very popular among Soviet children, and a Red Army commander.
Also recorded as Arkadiĭ Gaĭdar · Arkady Petrovich Gaidar
Arkady Gaidar

Сергей Кисляков · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Born
- 1904. · Lgov.
- Died
- 1941. · Lipliave.
- Nationality
- Russian Empire, Soviet Union and Russia.
- Occupation
- writer, screenwriter, journalist and war correspondent.
- Fields
- creative and professional writing, children's literature, popular science literature and science fiction literature.
- Known for
- Timur and His Squad and Chuk and Gek.
- Honours
- Order of the Badge of Honour, Order of the Patriotic War and 1st class.
- Languages
- Russian.
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Documentary summary
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (Russian: Арка́дий Петро́вич Гайда́р, born Golikov, Russian: Го́ликов; 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1904 – 26 October 1941) was a Russian Soviet writer, whose stories were very popular among Soviet children, and a Red Army commander.
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wikidata · Q202537 · wikipedia · Arkady Gaidar
In this article
Biography
Biography
The recorded working language is Russian. The field of work recorded is creative and professional writing, children's literature and popular science literature. Works named in the authority record are Timur and His Squad and Chuk and Gek. Distinctions recorded are Order of the Badge of Honour and Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.
Gaidar was born in the town of Lgov, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire (now in Kursk Oblast, Russia), to a family of teachers of Russian aristocratic descent. Through his noble mother, he was a distant relative of Mikhail Lermontov, whose 2nd great-grandfather was also Gaidar's mother's direct ancestor. In 1912, the family moved to Arzamas where in 1914 Arkady enrolled in a local secondary school. In 1917, as an ardent 13-year-old Bolshevik follower, Gaidar started to distribute leaflets and patrol the streets. During one such mission, he received his first wound, a stab in the chest. In 1918, Golikov applied for Communist Party membership and started working for the local newspaper Molot as a correspondent. In August 1918, he became a party member and in December volunteered for the Red Army, having lied about his age. In January 1919, Golikov went to the front as a Special Unit commander's adjutant, to fight what Soviet biographies referred to as the 'kulak gangs'. Fresh from the 7th Moscow Red Commanders' courses, Gaidar went to the Ukrainian (later Polish) front as a company commander. In December 1919, injured and shell-shocked, he was demobilised, but in March 1920 returned to the Red Army, to the Caucasian Front's 9th Army, 37th Kuban Division, as a company commander again. In summer 1920, Gaidar took part in operations against the units of generals Geyman and Zhitikov. In 1921, Gaidar participated in the suppression of several anti-communist uprisings, among them Antonovshchina where he personally killed many innocent local residents in brutal ways and suffered nightmares afterwards as a result. In 1922, he was moved to the Mongolian border (where the Red Army was fighting White Army units led by colonels Oliferov and Solovyov), but later that year he was hospitalised with traumatic neuroses. He retired from the army in 1924 due to a contusion. As the Great Patriotic War broke out, Gaidar was sent to the front as a special correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. In the fall of 1941, Gaidar and other soldiers were surrounded by German troops. He joined the partisans and became a machine gunner. On 26 October, Gaidar was killed in combat near the village of Lipliave. He was buried in the town of Kaniv.
Literary work
Literary work
In 1925, Gaidar's debut novel In the Days of Defeats and Victories was published, followed by Life For Nothing and The Mystery of a Mountain, a sci-fi novel and, most notably, R.V.S. (1925) which formed a blueprint for his career as a children's writer, telling stories of front-line camaraderie and the romanticism of the revolutionary struggle. In 1927, Gaidar moved to Moscow. A year later, he went to Arkhangelsk to work for a local newspaper, Pravda Severa. Back in Moscow, in 1930, he published the novel School (originally titled "The Plain Biography"). In the early 1930s, several articles on Gaidar's works appeared in the Soviet press, Konstantin Fedin being his major supporter and mentor. In 1939, Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour. Short stories "The Military Secret" (1935), "The Blue Cup" (1936) and the novel Blue Stars (1939) were followed by his most famous work, Timur and His Squad (1940), its hero named after, and partially based on the character of, the author's son. A captivating account of an altruistic pioneer youth gave birth to the mass Timur movement among Young Pioneers and other children's organisations all over the Soviet Union. A number of films were made based on his stories. Gaidar's books have been translated into many languages.
Novels
Novels
In the Days of Defeats and Victories (ru:В дни поражений и побед), short version: 1925, full: 1926 R.V.S. (РВС) (the Russian abbreviation refers to "Revolutionary Military Council"), 1925 Life for Nothing (ru:Жизнь ни во что), 1926 Forest Brothers (Лесные братья), 1927 School (Школа), 1930 Distant Countries (Дальние страны), 1932 Military Secret (Военная тайна), 1935 The novel incorporates as a story within a story the earlier published fantasy tale (skazka) A tale about a war secret, about the boy Nipper-Pipper, and his word of honour (ru:Сказка о Военной тайне, о Мальчише-Кибальчише и его твёрдом слове, 1933), where Nipper-Pipper (Malchish-Kibalchish) has become a signature literary child hero in the Soviet Union. "The Blue Cup" (ru:Голубая чашка), 1936 Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1988. ISBN 5-05-002177-4 The Drummer's Fate (Судьба барабанщика), 1939 Blue Stars (1939) "Smoke in the Forest" (Дым в лесу), 1939 Chuk and Gek (Чук и Гек), 1939 Timur and His Squad (Тимур и его команда), 1940
English translations
English translations
Timur and his Gang, Charles Scribner's Sons, NY, 1943. School and Other Stories, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1967. The Blue Cup, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1981. Selected Stories, Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1986. The Drummer Boy and Two Other Stories, Hutchinson's Books for Young People, London, 1947. Chuk and Gek, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1973.
Recognition and remembrance
Recognition and remembrance
Gaidar was awarded two orders and several medals. A monument honouring him was erected in Kaniv in 1953. Three biographical movies about Arkady Gaidar were released in the USSR: Serebryanye truby (Russian: Silver Trumpets) (1970), Konets imperatora taygi (Russian: The Death of the Taiga Emperor) (1978), and Ostayus s vami (Russian: I'll Stay with You) (1981). The latter was a story of Arkady Gaidar's last days.
Pseudonym
Pseudonym
Arkady's son, Timur Gaidar published two versions of the pseudonym's origin: This an abbreviation of French "Golikov Arkady d ' Arsamas", which means "Golikov, Arkady from Arzamas". Arkady took the name Gaidar from a Khakas language word meaning going first, the leader. Another version is that the name comes from the Khakas word for "Where is?" which is the question Gaidar would shout as he and his unit went from village to village in the Yenisei River region tracking down (and eventually killing) the Cossack hetman he was pursuing during the Civil War.
Family
Family
Arkady Gaidar's father, Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov, a teacher (after the 1917 Revolution a Red Army commissar), came from a working-class family. His mother, Natalya Arkadyevna Golikova (née Salkova), also a teacher (after the Revolution a doctor), was a daughter of a Tsarist Army officer. Arkady was the first of the couple's four children. His three sisters were Natalya, Olga and Yekaterina. The Russian economist Yegor Gaidar was Arkady Gaidar's grandson. Yegor Gaidar's father, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar, was his son. Maria Gaidar (born 1982), Russian activist, is a daughter of Yegor Gaidar.
Памятная доска Аркадию Петровичу Гайдару, Архангельск.
IgorEK II

House-museum of A.P, Gaidar, Gaidar street 17, Klin, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Ludvig14
Places
Named by the record
Places
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Lgov.
Birth place
Lipliave.
Death place
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Arkady Gaidar”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q202537: Arkady Gaidar
Unverified · Wikidata
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.There are conflicting evidences as to the date of Gaidar's birth. In a diary he cited it as 9 February 1904 (old style), according to his sister Natalya's memoirs it was 9 January.
- 2.Arkady Gaidar. Biography. Timeline. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 4. Pp 261–272.
- 3.Kassil, Lev. Biography. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 1. Pp. 38.
- 4.Gribanov, Vladimir. "Аркадий Гайдар: романтика прицельного выстрела" ("Arkady Gaidar: Romance of an Aimed Shot"). Аргументы и факты (Argumenty i Fakty). 22 October 2002. Argumenty i Fakty. Retrieved 26 February 2009. http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/tv/119/tg15_01
- 5.www.gaydar.net.ua. Arkady Gaidar.
- 6.Soloukhin, Vladimir. Соленое озеро [Salty Lake]. Tsitsero. 1994.
- 7.Belyanchikova, Marina. Есть общая идея [There is a Common Idea]. Nash Sovremennik. 9. 186. 1992.
- 8.ДНИ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ И ПОБЕД. 178.
- 9.Arkady Gaidar. Biography. Timeline. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 1. Pp. 38.
- 10."МАЛЬЧИШ-КИБАЛЬЧИШ"
- 11.Books and Pamphlets on Russia, 1947, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 26, No. 67
- 12."Голиков Аркадий из Арзамаса", by Timur Gaidar
- 13.Petr Aven, Alfred Kokh. Gaidar's Revolution: The Inside Account of the Economic Transformation of Russia. I.B.Tauris. 2015. 978-0-857-73958-2.
References
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