Anne Truitt

Drawing from imagery from her past, her work also deals with the visual trace of memory and nostalgia. This is exemplified by a series of early sculptures resembling monumental segments of white picket fence.

Anne Truitt studied at Bryn Mawr College. The recorded working language is English. The field of work recorded is art of sculpture. Employment is recorded with University of Maryland. Work by Anne Truitt is recorded in the collections of Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Yale University Art Gallery and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Distinctions recorded are Guggenheim Fellowship.

Truitt grew up in Easton, on Maryland's Eastern Shore, and spent her teenage years in Asheville, North Carolina. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in psychology in 1943. She declined an offer to pursue a Ph.D. in Yale University’s psychology department and worked briefly as a nurse in a psychiatric ward at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. She left the field of psychology in the mid-1940s, first writing fiction and then enrolling in courses offered by the Institute of Contemporary Art in Washington, D.C. She married the journalist James Truitt in 1947, though they divorced in 1971. It was said that James used to tease about Anne's columnar sculptures in referring to the works as "telephone booths".

After leaving the field of clinical psychology in the mid-1940s, Truitt began making figurative sculptures, but turned toward reduced geometric forms after visiting the Guggenheim Museum with her friend Mary Pinchot Meyer to see H.H. Arnason's exhibition "American Abstract Expressionists and Imagists" in November 1961. Truitt remembers that she "spent all that day looking at art…I saw Ad Reinhardt's black canvases, the blacks and the blues. Then I went on down the ramp and rounded the corner and..saw the paintings of Barnett Newman. I looked at them, and from that point on I was home free. I had never realized you could do it in art. Have enough space. Enough color." Truitt was especially inspired by the "universe of blue paint" and the subtle modulation and shades of color in Newman's Onement VI. The singularity of the Abstract Expressionists that she observed in work by Barnett Newman and Ad Reinhardt struck Truitt and sparked a turning point in her work. Truitt's first wood sculpture, titled First (1961), resembles a picket fence. It consists of three white vertical boards which come to a point—the pickets—which are braced from behind by a white post and two rails. The pickets, post, and rails are all attached to and visually grounded by a white base. The forms contain memories of her past and her childhood geography, rather reflection of a "direct result of an empirical perception." First is a permeable memory of the idea of a fence, of all the fences Truitt has seen, instead of a fence modeled off of a specific image. During a period spent in Japan with her husband, who at the time was the Japan bureau chief for Newsweek, she created aluminum sculptures from 1964 to 1967. Before her first retrospective in New York she decided she did not like the works and destroyed them. The sculptures that made her significant to the development of Minimalism were aggressively plain and painted structures, often large. Fabricated from wood and painted with monochromatic layers of acrylic, they often resemble sleek, rectangular columns or pillars. Truitt produces in scale drawings of her structures that are then produced by a cabinetmaker. The structures are weighed to the ground and are often hollow, allowing the wood to breathe in changing temperatures. She applies gesso to prime the wood and then up to 40 coats of acrylic paint, alternating brushstrokes between horizontal and vertical directions and sanding between layers. The artist sought to remove any trace of her brush, sanding down each layer of paint between applications and creating perfectly finished planes of colour. The layers of paint build up a surface with tangible depth. Additionally, the palpable surface of paint conveys Truitt's ever-present sense of geography in the alternating vertical and horizontal paint strokes, which mirror the latitude and longitude of an environment. Her process combined "the immediacy of intuition, the remove of prefabrication, and the intimacy of laborious handwork." The recessed platforms under her sculptures raised them just enough off the ground to appear to float on a thin line of shadow. The boundary between sculpture and ground, between gravity and verticality, was made illusory. This formal ambivalence is mirrored by her insistence that color itself, for instance, contained a psychological vibration which when purified, as it is on a work of art, isolates the event it refers to as a thing rather than a feeling. The event becomes a work of art, a visual sensation delivered by color. The Arundel series of paintings, begun in 1973, features barely visible graphite lines and accumulations of white paint on white surfaces. In the custard-color Ice Blink (1989), a tiny sliver of red at the bottom of the painting is enough to set up perspectival depth, as is a single bar of purple at the bottom of the otherwise sky-blue Memory (1981). Begun around 2001, the Piths, canvases with deliberately frayed edges and covered in thick black strokes of paint, indicate Truitt's interest in forms that blur the lines between two and three dimensions. At her first show at André Emmerich's gallery, Truitt exhibited six works of hand-painted poplar structures, including Ship-Lap, Catawba, Tribute, Platte, and Hardcastle. André Emmerich would go on to be her longtime dealer. Truitt was introduced to Emmerich through Kenneth Noland, who Emmerich also represented. In accounts of her first solo show, one can see the chauvinistic undertones that were present in the 1960s New York art world. Greenberg, Rubin, and Noland chose Truitt's work to exhibit and organized the placement of the show without any input from Truitt herself. They often referred to her as the “gentle wife of James Truitt” and Emmerich encouraged Truitt to drop her first name to conceal her gender, in the hopes that this would help the exhibition's reception. After her first solo show, Greenberg declared in his essay "Recentness of Sculpture" (1967) that Truitt's work "anticipated" minimalist art. Greenberg's statement is sensationalist as Judd, Robert Morris, and Dan Flavin had shown their work prior to hers. Truitt's drawings are not often remembered when considering her body of work. For much of the 1950s, Truitt worked in pencil, acrylic, and ink to create not only studies for later sculptures, but drawings that existed independently as works of art. Truitt is also known for three books she wrote, Daybook, Turn, and Prospect, all journals. In Prospect, her third volume of reflections, Truitt set out to reconsider her "whole experience as an artist"—and also as a daughter, mother, grandmother, teacher and lifelong seeker. For many years she was associated with the University of Maryland, College Park, where she was a professor, and the artists' colony Yaddo, where she served as interim president. Truitt died on December 23, 2004, at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., of complications following abdominal surgery. She was survived by three children and eight grandchildren, among them writer Charles Finch. Her daughter Mary Truitt Hill was married to the art critic Charlie Finch (1953/1954-2022) and they are in turn the parents of the aforementioned Charles.

Truitt's first one-person exhibition was at the André Emmerich Gallery, New York, in February 1963, and in many senses her work also hews to what was emerging there. Her work was included in the 1964 exhibition, "Black, White, and Gray," at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Ct, arguably the first exhibition of Minimal work. She was one of only three women included in the influential 1966 exhibition, Primary Structures at the Jewish Museum in New York. Her work has since been the subject of one-person exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (1973); the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1974); and the Baltimore Museum of Art (1974, 1992). In 2009, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C., organized an acclaimed retrospective of her work, including 49 sculptures and 35 paintings and drawings. "In the Tower: Anne Truitt" was on view at the National Gallery of Art from Nov. 19, 2017 to April 1, 2018.

Arizona Summer Treat, 1968, University of Arizona Museum of Art, Tucson District of Columbia Keep, 1962, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington Insurrection, 1962, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington; acquired in 2014 by the National Gallery of Art Flower, 1969, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington; acquired in 2015 by the National Gallery of Art Arundel XI, 1971, National Gallery of Art, Washington Summer Dryad, 1971, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington Mid-Day, 1972, National Gallery of Art, Washington Spume, 1972, National Gallery of Art, Washington 13 October 1973, 1973, Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington Sand Morning, 1973, National Gallery of Art, Washington 17th Summer, 1974, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington Night Naiad, 1977, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington Parva XII, 1977, National Gallery of Art, Washington Summer Remembered, 1981, National Gallery of Art Twining Court II, 2002, National Gallery of Art Maryland Ship-Lap, 1962, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Watauga, 1962, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Whale's Eye, 1969, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Three, 1962, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore A Wall for Apricots, 1968, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Meadow Child, 1969, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Odeskalki, 1963/82, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Parva IV, 1974, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Lea, 1962, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Carson, 1963, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore Moon Lily, 1988, Academy Art Museum, Easton Summer '88 No. 25, 1988, Academy Art Museum, Easton Hesperides, 1989, Academy Art Museum, Easton Summer '96 No. 26. 1996, Academy Art Museum, Easton Michigan 2 Feb '78, 1978, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor Sandcastle, 1984, University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor Minnesota Australian Spring, 1972, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis Missouri Morning Choice, 1968, St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis Prima, 1978, Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, St. Louis Nebraska Still, 1999, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, University of Nebraska, Lincoln New York Sentinel, 1978, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo Carolina Noon, Michael C. Rockefeller Arts Center, New York Catawba, 1962, Museum of Modern Art, New York Twining Court I, 2001, Museum of Modern Art, New York Untitled, 1962, Museum of Modern Art, New York Desert Reach, 1971, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York North Carolina Night Wing, 1972–78, Mint Museum, Charlotte Stone South No. 36, 1975, North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh Virginia Signal, 1978, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond Wisconsin Summer Sentinel, 1963–72, Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee Germany Remembered Sea, 1974, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf