Zofia Nałkowska
Zofia Nałkowska ([ˈzɔfia nawˈkɔvska], 10 November 1884 – 17 December 1954) was a Polish prose writer, dramatist, and prolific essayist. She served as the executive member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (1933–1939) during the interwar period.
Zofia Nałkowska

unknown-anonymous · "IKC" 1932 see also · Public domain
- Born
- 1884. · Warsaw.
- Died
- 1954. · Warsaw.
- Nationality
- Russian Empire and Poland.
- Occupation
- writer, playwright, journalist, poet, essayist and politician.
- Fields
- poetry and essay.
- Known for
- Medallions.
- Honours
- Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland, Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature, Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Work Flag Order and 1st class.
- Languages
- Polish.
VALÉORINE Encyclopedia
VALÉORINE documentary reading
Documentary summary
Zofia Nałkowska ([ˈzɔfia nawˈkɔvska], 10 November 1884 – 17 December 1954) was a Polish prose writer, dramatist, and prolific essayist. She served as the executive member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (1933–1939) during the interwar period.
Admitted source layer · organised and presented by VALÉORINE
Note VALÉORINE
No house-authored Note is published until its assertions and sources pass the VALÉORINE evidence contract. The documentary article remains available in full while that enrichment is being consolidated.
Documentary enrichment in progress · no unsupported statement published
Reference Check
Propose documentary evidence for Zofia Nałkowska. A contribution is never written directly as fact: identity, source, rights and evidence gates still decide.
Sign in to contribute
World of VALÉORINE
Documentary connections
Only confirmed graph relationships appear here. Images are shown only when their identity and reuse rights both pass the documentary gate.
Documentary evidence
Evidence Panel
wikipedia incomplete · checked 25 September 2026
- Identity
- resolved
- Independent source families
- 0
- Admitted assertions
- 0
- Open conflicts
- 0
Authority files
wikidata · Q218319 · wikipedia · Zofia Nałkowska
In this article
Biography
Biography
The recorded working language is Polish. The field of work recorded is poetry and essay. Places of work recorded in the authority are Warsaw. Positions recorded include member of the Sejm and member of the Sejm of the Polish People's Republic. Works named in the authority record are Medallions. Distinctions recorded are Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland, Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature, Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Nałkowska was born into a family of intellectuals dedicated to issues of social justice. She was the sister of the sculptor Hanna Nałkowska. She studied at the clandestine Flying University under the Russian partition. Upon Poland's return to independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic she became one of the country's most distinguished feminist writers of novels, novellas and stage-plays characterized by socio-realism and psychological depth. From 1928, she was vice-president of the Polish PEN Club. In the 1930s, she took an active part in speeches against the Sanation regime. She was one of the organizers of protests against political persecution in Poland. From 1933, she has been a member of the Polish Academy of Literature. During the German occupation, she was engaged in underground literary activities and after participated in the work of the International Commission for the Investigation of Hitler's Crimes in Poland. A supporter of the new communist authorities in Poland, Nałkowska became a deputy of the State National Council and later a deputy of the National Assembly of the Polish People's Republic. Nałkowska died of a cerebral hemorrhage and was buried at the Powązki Military Cemetery with full state honours.
Novels
Novels
Kobiety (Women, 1906), translated by Michael Henry Dziewicki, 1920 Książę (The Prince, 1907) Rówieśnice (Contemporaries, 1909) Narcyza (1911) Noc podniebna (Heavenly night, novella, 1911) Węże i róże (Snakes and roses, 1914) Hrabia Emil (Count Emil, 1920) Na torfowiskach (At the bogs, 1922) Romans Teresy Hennert (The Romance of Teresa Hennert, 1923), translated by Megan Thomas and Ewa Malachowska-Pasek, 2014 Dom nad łąkami (House upon the meadows, autobiography, 1925) Choucas (1927), translated by Ursula Phillips, 2014 (winner of the Found in Translation Award 2015) Niedobra miłość (Bad love, 1928) Granica (Boundary, 1935), translated by Ursula Phillips, 2016 Niecierpliwi (Anxious,1938) Węzły życia (Living ties, 1948) Mój ojciec (My father, 1953)
Short stories
Short stories
Medaliony (Medallions, 1946), a collection of 8 short stories about German World War II atrocities in occupied Poland, translated by Diana Kuprel, 2000
Stage plays
Stage plays
Dom kobiet (1930) Dzień jego powrotu (1931) (The Day of his Return, translated by Marja Slomczanka, performed 1931) Renata Słuczańska (1935)

Zofia Nałkowska otrzymuje Krzyż Komandorski z Gwiazdą Orderu Odrodzenia Polski z okazji 50-lecia pracy twórczej
Centralna Agencja Fotograficzna · Polska 1944-1955, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1966

Uczestnicy uroczystości: Wojciech Bąk (pierwszy z lewej), Ferdynand Goetel (drugi z lewej), Zofia Nałkowska (trzecia z lewej), Józef Wittlin (trzeci z prawej), Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna (druga z prawej), Światopełk Karpiński (pierwszy z prawej). Osoby widoczne: Światopełk Karpiński, Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna, Józef Wittlin, Zofia Nałkowska, Ferdynand Goetel, Wojciech Bąk.
Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe (National Digital Archives Poland)
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
The full dated record · 2 entries
1884
Zofia Nałkowska was born in 1884 at Warsaw.
1954
Zofia Nałkowska died in 1954 at Warsaw.
Literary output
Nałkowska's first literary success was the Romans Teresy Hennert (The Romance of Teresa Hennert, 1923) followed by a slew of popular novels. She is best known for her books Granica (Boundary, 1935), the Węzły życia (Bonds of Life, 1948) and Medaliony (Medallions, 1947). In her writing, Nałkowska boldly tackled difficult and controversial subjects, professing in her 1932 article "Organizacja erotyzmu" (Structure of Eroticism) published in the Wiadomości Literackie magazine – the premier literary periodical in Poland at the time – that:...a rational, nay, intellectual approach to eroticism must be encouraged and strengthened, to allow for a consideration of eroticism in conjunction with other aspects of the life of the human community. Eroticism is not a private matter of the individual. It has its ramifications within all domains of human life and it is not possible to separate it from them by way of contemptuous disparagement in the name of morality, discretion, or yet by a demotion on the hierarchy of subjects worthy of intellectual attention: it cannot be isolated by prudery or relegated to science for its purely biological dimension."
Tribute
On 10 November 2014 Google celebrated her 130th birthday with a Google Doodle. From May 2024, a manuscript Nałkowska's Diary is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw.
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Ukazała się biografia Zofii Nałkowskiej. dzieje.pl.
- 2.Zofia-Nalkowska-Chcemy-calego-zycia.
- 3.Stanisława Dudzianka. Oblicza polskiego feminizmu (Faces of Polish feminism). Deon.pl. 14 October 2009.
- 4.Zofia Nałkowska, "Organizacja erotyzmu", Wiadomości Literackie, vol. 9, No. 25 (442), 19 June 1932, p. 7. Quote in Polish: należy wymóc na sobie stosunek do zagadnień erotyzmu właśnie intelektualny, rozumowy, pozwalający je rozważać w splocie i wzajemnej zależności z innemi dziedzinami życia zbiorowego. Erotyzm nie jest prywatną sprawą człowieka. Wysyła on swe rozgałęzienia do wszystkich tych dziedzin i nie da się ani w imię wzgardliwego lekceważenia, ani moralności, ani dyskrecji, ani nawet w imię hierarchji tematów, godnych intelektualisty, od życia społecznego odciąć, nie da się w niem wstydliwie izolować i do swego zakresy ściśle biologicznego ograniczyć. (source )
- 5.Zofia Nałkowska's 130th Birthday. Google. 10 November 2014.
- 6.National Library of Poland. Palace of the Commonwealth open to visitors. 2024-05-28.
- 7.National Library of Poland. The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth. 191. 2024.
- 8.Scotland Street Press Bookstore From Corsets to Communism. www.scotlandstreetpress.com.
Bibliography printed in the source article · 1
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
Elsewhere in Books
38,342 published records in this field, each with its sources named.
- Zoë WicombAuthor
- Zofia ChądzyńskaAuthor
- Zofia Kossak-SzczuckaAuthor
- Žofia KubiniAuthor
- Zofia OleśnickaAuthor
- Zofia PosmyszAuthor
- Zohra DrifAuthor
- Zoi KareliAuthor
Best supported in this field
For owners
Own a work by Zofia Nałkowska?
A specialist will read what you send and tell you what the house can establish, what it cannot, and whether the object is suited to sale. There is no charge and no obligation. The object stays with you throughout; nothing is shipped to us unless it is arranged in writing beforehand.