yarmaq
Yarmaq was name for Khazar Khaganate currency. The term for silver coin was sheleg (it might have direct connection to the term shekel. The currency was mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years as tribute money for Vyatichi and other Khazar subjects schelyag.
yarmaq
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Documentary basis
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wikidata · Q8049372
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Etymology
Etymology
Shelegs were probably minted in Kabir (Moxel, client state of Khazar Kaghanate) since approximately 5th c AD. The term for the gold coin might be oka, as they were minted in the same place and called oka (gold) • Illustration — Khazar sheleg bearing the Arabic-language legend "Moses is the prophet of God", early 9th c. CE from the Spillings Hoard
The term meant since at least early Middle Ages, no other meanings had been attested.
Other versions
Other versions
Ar- or yar- evolved from the verb "to cut longitudinally, to split", Turkish verb is also co-originating with the Old Turkic word ır- or yır- which means the same. The name is similar to Mongolian language word "yaarmag" meaning "market," especially outdoor ones that sell wide variety of goods.
Resources
Resources
• Roman K. Kovalev. "What Does Historical Numismatics Suggest About the Monetary History of Khazaria in the Ninth Century? – Question Revisited." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 13 (2004): 97–129. • Roman K. Kovalev. "Creating Khazar Identity through Coins: The Special Issue Dirhams of 837/8." East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages, ed. Florin Curta, pp. 220–253. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2005. * * *
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Text attribution
Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article Khazar coinage, revision 1300275944 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Mokshin, 2012
- 2.Herrala, Feoktistov, 1998 p.54
- 3.Serebrenikov, Feoktistov, Polyakov, 1998
- 4.Herrala, Feoktistov, 1998
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
reference work
Secondary witness
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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