Wilhelm Uhde

Born into a Jewish family, Uhde studied law in Dresden but switched to art history, studying in Munich and Florence before moving to Paris in 1904. He purchased his first Picasso in 1905, and was one of the first collectors of the Cubist paintings of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. He met the artists Robert Delaunay, Sonia Terk, and Henri Rousseau in 1907. Uhde and Sonia Terk married in 1908, reportedly a marriage of convenience, they divorced in 1910 and Terk married Robert Delaunay. Uhde established his art dealership in Paris, opening his own art gallery in 1908 to exhibit Georges Braque, Jean Metzinger, Sonia Delaunay, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Auguste Herbin, Jules Pascin, and Pablo Picasso. Uhde commissioned Picasso to paint his portrait in 1910. Uhde promoted naïve art and in particular the work of Henri Rousseau in France and abroad. Uhde exhibited art in naïve style as well as fauvism style in his own gallery at rue Notre Dame des Champs during Montparnasse's heyday. In 1908 he launched a traveling exhibition of Impressionist art in Basel and Zürich. In 1912 he mounted a posthumous retrospective exhibition for Rousseau at the Galerie Bernheim-Jeune in Paris. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Uhde's collection was confiscated by the French state. The collection included works by Georges Braque, Raoul Dufy, Juan Gris, Auguste Herbin, Marie Laurencin, Fernand Léger, Jean Metzinger, Pablo Picasso, Jean Puy, and Henri Rousseau. The collection was sold by the French government in a series of auctions at the Hôtel Drouot in 1921. From 1919 to 1920, Uhde worked with Helmut Kolle and lived with him in Chantilly, France. Uhde became active as a pacifist in Weimar Germany, but returned to France in 1924, moving back to Chantilly in 1927. Uhde is today known for two exhibitions. The “Les Peintres du Coeur-Sacré” in 1928 and “Les Primitifs modernes” in 1932, but also noted for bundling artists who had previously been ignored in a single exhibition space for the first time. He spent the World War II in hiding in southern France, at one point helped by the art critic and resistance leader Jean Cassou.

Uhde is also known as the principal organiser of the first Naive Art exhibition, which took place in Paris in 1928. The participants were Henri Rousseau, André Bauchant, Camille Bombois, Séraphine Louis, and Louis Vivin, known collectively as the Sacred Heart painters. Uhde discovered the talent of Séraphine Louis, who had been Uhde's housecleaner, and then sponsored her from 1912 to 1930.