What If

Would expand to include alternate explorations of continuity within other non-Marvel Universe properties owned by their parent company The Walt Disney Company from its fifteenth volume onwards, beginning with Aliens: What If..?, based on the Alien franchise, and followed by Marvel & Disney: What if..?, based on classic Disney characters. In 2021, an animated series based on the What If comics premiered on Disney+, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's multiverse.

• Title — What If • Schedule — Monthly • Format — (vol. 1–2) Ongoing series (vol. 3–9) One-shots • Ongoing — Y • 1shot — Y • Superhero — y • Publisher — Marvel Comics • Date — (vol. 1) February 1977 – October 1984 (vol. 2) July 1989 – November 1998 • Issues — (vol. 1) 47 (plus #0) (vol. 2) 114 (plus #−1) (vol. 3–4) 6 (vol. 5–9) 5 • Tpb — What If? Classic: Volume 1 • Isbn — 0-7851-1702-4 • Subcat — Marvel Comics • Sort — What If (Comics)

The stories of the inaugural series (1977–1984) feature the alien Uatu, the Watcher as a narrator. From his base on the Moon, Uatu observes both Earth and alternate realities. Most What If stories begin with Uatu describing an event in the mainstream Marvel Universe, then introducing a point of divergence in that event and then describing the consequences of the divergence. Some stories diverge from another divergence, such as What If Vol 1 #43 (Conan the Barbarian remains in the modern era), which diverges from #13 (Conan travels to then returns from the modern era). Uatu was used similarly in the second series (1989–1998) until a point where, in the Fantastic Four comic book, Uatu was punished for destroying another Watcher. This made the use of Uatu improbable, so the character was phased out to its last appearance in issue #76. Without a framing device, the stories themselves became the focus. In later series, some writers chose to introduce alternative narrators. For example, in volume 3, in What If Karen Page Had Lived?, What If Jessica Jones Had Joined the Avengers? and in Daredevil (2005), Brian Michael Bendis, the writer himself, makes a cameo as narrator. In the early 2006 series, a hacker, whose online alias is "the Watcher", opens each of the six issues. Marvel has given several What If stories official numerical designations to make them contiguous with the Marvel Multiverse and differentiate them from the main Marvel Universe of Earth-616. Marvel Comics occasionally issued backup features, Untold Tales from the Marvel Universe. These stories explained the origins of some of Marvel's superhuman species.

The initial 47-issue series ran from February 1977 to October 1984. The first What If story was "What If Spider-Man had Joined the "Fantastic Four?". It presented an alternate version of events seen in The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (1963). What If #24, which is titled "What If Gwen Stacy had lived?" and focuses on the consequences of Spider-Man's secret identity being publicly exposed, is one of the most highly regarded What If stories.

• Issue # — A story — B story — C story — TPB — Omnibus • 1 — What If Spider-Man Had Joined the Fantastic Four? Collected in Fantastic Four Omnibus Vol 6 — What If: The Complete Collection Vol. 1 — What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 1 • 2 — What If the Hulk Had The Brain of Bruce Banner? • 3 — What If The Avengers Had Never Been? Collected in Avengers Omnibus Vol 6 • 4 — What If the Invaders Had Stayed Together After World War Two? • 5 — What If Captain America Hadn't Vanished During World War Two? Collected in Invaders Omnibus, Captain America Omnibus Vol.5 • 6 — What If the Fantastic Four Had Different Super-Powers? Collected in Fantastic Four Omnibus Vol 6 • 7 — What If Someone Else Besides Spider-Man Had Been Bitten By The Radioactive Spider? • 8 — What If the World Knew Daredevil Was Blind? — What If the Spider Had Been Bitten By a Radioactive Human? • 9 — What If... the Avengers Had Been Formed During the 1950s? Collected in Avengers Omnibus Vol 6 • 10 — What If Jane Foster Had Found—the Hammer of Thor? • 11 — What If the Fantastic Four Were the Original Marvel Bullpen? Collected in Fantastic Four Omnibus Vol 6 • 12 — What If Rick Jones Had Become the Hulk? • 13 — What If Conan the Barbarian Walked the Earth Today? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 4 — What If: The Complete Collection Vol 2 • 14 — What If Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos Had Fought World War II in Outer Space? • 15 — What If... Nova Had Been Four Other People? • 16 — What If Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu, Had Remained Loyal to Fu Manchu? — Shang-Chi Master of Kung-Fu Omnibus #3 — Due to copyright issues, Sax Rohmer's Dr. Fu Manchu became Zheng Zu, a character owned by Marvel. Marvel was able to reprint the story after a temporary license, in Marvel's Voices: Identity #1 (2021). Writer Gene Luen Yang revisited the story, changing names such as the aforementioned Zheng Zu, and the Si-Fan into the Five Weapons Society. • 17 — What If Ghost Rider Had Remained a Villain? Collected in Ghost Rider Epic Collection Vol 3: Death Race — What if Spider-Woman Had Remained a Villain? Collected in Spider-Woman Omnibus — What If Captain Marvel Had Remained a Villain? Collected in The Death of Captain Marvel Omnibus — What If: The Complete Collection Vol 2 — What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 1 • 18 — What If Dr. Strange Had Been a Disciple of Dormammu? • 19 — What If Spider-Man Had Stopped the Burglar Who Killed His Uncle? • 20 — What If the Avengers Had Fought the Kree-Skrull War Without Rick Jones? • 21 — What If Sub-Mariner Had Married the Invisible Girl? • 22 — What If Dr. Doom Had Become a Hero? • 23 — What If Hulk's Girlfriend Jarella Had Not Died? — The First Eternals Collected in The Eternals: The Complete Saga Omnibus — What If Aunt May Had Been Bitten By a Radioactive Spider? Collected in Amazing Spider-Man Omnibus Vol 7 — What If?: The Original Marvel Series Omnibus Vol. 2 • 24 — What If Spider-Man Had Rescued Gwen Stacy? Collected in Amazing Spider-Man Omnibus Vol 7 — What If: The Complete Collection Vol 3 • 25 — What If Thor Fought Odin Over Jane Foster? • 26 — What If Captain America Were Elected President? Collected in Captain America Omnibus Vol.5 — What If the Man-Thing Had Regained Ted Sallis' Brain? • 27 — What If Phoenix Had Not Died? Collected in Phoenix Omnibus and Dark Phoenix Saga Omnibus • 28 — What If Ghost Rider Were Separated from Johnny Blaze? Collected in Marvel Masterworks Ghost Rider Vol. 7 and Ghost Rider Epic Collection Vol 4: To Slay a Demon — Matt Murdock, Agent of... S.H.I.E.L.D. Collected in Marvel Masterworks Daredevil Vol 16 and Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson Omnibus • 29 — What If Avengers Were the Last Superheroes on Earth? — Collected in The Eternals: The Complete Saga Omnibus; Marvel Masterworks: The Inhumans Vol 2 — What If... Sub-Mariner Never Regained His Memory? • 30 — What If Spider-Man's Clone Lived? Collected in Amazing Spider-Man Omnibus Vol 7 • 31 — What If Wolverine Had Killed the Hulk? — What If There Was No Fantastic Four? • 32 — What If the Avengers Had Become the Pawns of Korvac? • 33 — What If the Dazzler Had Become the Herald of Galactus? Collected in Marvel Masterworks: Dazzler Vol. 2 and Dazzler Omnibus — What If Iron Man Had Been Trapped in King Arthur's Time? • 34 — All-humor issue with 74 stories • 35 — What If Bullseye Had Not Killed Elektra? Collected in Marvel Masterworks Daredevil Vol. 16; Daredevil by Frank Miller and Klaus Janson; Daredevil Epic Collection Vol 9: Resurrection; and What If: Dark Avengers — And Thus Are Born the Cat People! — What If Yellowjacket Had Died? • 36 — What If The Fantastic Four Had Not Gained Their Powers? Collected in Fantastic Four by John Byrne Omnibus Vol 2 and Fantastic Four Epic Collection Vol 13: Back to Basics — What If Nova Had Not Given Up His Powers? Collected in Nova: Richard Rider Omnibus — What If: The Complete Collection Vol 4 • 37 — What If The Thing Had Continued To Mutate? — What If The Beast Had Truly Become A Beast? — What If Galactus Had Turned The Silver Surfer Back Into Norrin Radd? • 38 — Vision & Scarlet Witch "The Leaving" — What If Sharon Carter Had Not Died? — Daredevil: 2013 • 39 — What If Thor of Asgard Had Met Conan the Barbarian? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 5 • 40 — What if Dr. Strange Had Never Become Master of the Mystic Arts? • 41 — What If Sub-Mariner Had Saved Atlantis from Its Destiny? • 42 — What If Susan Richards Had Died in Childbirth? • 43 — What If Conan the Barbarian Were Stranded in the 20th Century? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 6 — Dr. Strange, Silver Surfer, Phoenix in "Behold" • 44 — What If Captain America Were Not Revived Until Today? • 45 — What If the Hulk Went Berserk? • 46 — What If Spider-Man's Uncle Ben Had Lived? • 47 — What If Loki Found Thor's Hammer First? • Illustration — What If (vol. 2) #105 (February 1998), the debut of Spider-Girl, cover art by Ron Frenz

Following the cancellation of the original series, Marvel published a one-shot What If? Special (June 1988) with the story "What If Iron Man Had Been a Traitor?". It is collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol 1.

From July 1989 to November 1998, Marvel published 115 monthly What If issues (114 issues plus a #-1 issue) the second series revisited and revised ideas from volume 1. In volume 2, stories could span multiple issues (every issue of volume 1 contained a complete story). Also, sometimes, the volume 2 stories would offer multiple plots and endings and the reader could decide which one to adopt. For example, in What If the War Machine had not destroyed the Living Laser?, three endings were offered. The humorous aspect of volume 1 was retained through volume 2, particularly in issue #34, an all-humor issue containing a number of single-page gags and two complete stories. Starting with issue #87, the issue titles stopped being questions that were answered by the story, and instead the covers were presented as "What If? Starring..." whatever character was being highlighted in the given issue. In issue #105, What If introduced Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker); the new character was popular enough for a spin-off series. From this, the MC2 line of publications was developed. For a brief period between 1995 and 1996, all What If? stories were labeled as Marvel Alterniverse which included the likes of Ruins, The Last Avengers Story and Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe.

• Issue # — A story — B stories — Reprints • 1 — What If... The Avengers Had Lost the Evolutionary War? — Collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol. 1 • 2 — What If... Daredevil Had Killed The Kingpin? • 3 — What If... Steve Rogers Had Refused to Give Up Being Captain America? — What If... Ben Parker's Nephew Was Galactus? What If... Franklin Richards Had Found the Hammer of Thor? What If... Wolverine Got a Real Job? • 4 — What If... The Alien Costume Had Possessed Spider-Man? Collected in Secret Wars Omnibus • 5 — What If... The Vision Had Destroyed the Avengers? — What If the Incredible Hulk—Instead of Becoming a Leg-breaker in Las Vegas—Had Become a High School Monitor? • 6 — What If... The X-Men Had Lost Inferno? • 7 — What If... Wolverine Was an Agent of SHIELD? Collected in Marvel Universe by Rob Liefeld Omnibus — What If... Aunt May Was a Mutant with Claws! What If... Captain America Hadn't Been Thawed Out? What If... the Punisher Didn't Use Guns? • 8 — What If... Iron Man Lost the Armor Wars? • 9 — What If... The New X-Men Had Died On Their Very First Mission? Collected in Giant-Size X-Men 40th Anniversary — What If? Black Bolt talked in his sleep? What If? The Thing's body kept mutating? • 10 — What If... The Punisher's Family Had Not Been Killed? — What If... The Living Recorder Had to Find Work on Earth? What If... The Thing Were an Elvis Presley Impersonator? What If... Hawkeye Used Golf Clubs Instead of a Bow and Arrows? • 11 — What If... The Fantastic Four All Had The Same Power? • 12 — What If... The X-Men Had Stayed In Asgard? • 13 — What If... Professor X Had Become the Juggernaut? • 14 — What If... Captain Marvel Had Not Died? Collected in The Death of Captain Marvel Omnibus • 15 — What If... The Trial of Galactus Had Ended in Reed Richards' Execution? • 16 — What If... Wolverine Battled Conan the Barbarian? Collected in Conan the Barbarian: The Original Marvel Years Omnibus Vol 9 • 17 — What If... Kraven The Hunter Had Killed Spider-Man? — What If? the Living Recorder Had to Work on Earth? Part II What If? Daredevil Had a Dishonest Tailor? • 18 — What If... The Fantastic Four Battled Dr. Doom Before They Gained Their Powers? — What If? the Puppet Master Used Real Puppets? What If? the Punisher Got Funky? • 19 — What If... The Vision Had Conquered the World? • 20 — What If... The Amazing Spider-Man Had Not Married Mary Jane? — What If? Spider-Man Had a Son? What If? Ghost Rider Hit a Puddle? What If? Daredevil (untitled) What If... Namor Worked As a Stunt Double for Mr. Spock? • 21 — What If... Spider-Man Married the Black Cat? • 22 — What If... The Silver Surfer Had Not Escaped Earth? • 23 — What If... The All-New All-Different X-Men Had Never Existed? Collected in Giant-Size X-Men 40th Anniversary • 24 — What If... Wolverine Had Become The Lord of the Vampires? • 25 — What If... Set Had Come to Earth? — What If? The Punisher were a Herald of Galactus? What If? The Human Torch and Iceman were Partners? • 26 — What If... The Punisher Killed Daredevil? • 27 — What If... The Sub-Mariner Had Joined The Fantastic Four? • 28 — What If... Captain America Were Not the Only Super Soldier in World War II? • 29 — What If... Captain America Had Formed the Avengers? • 30 — What If... The Invisible Woman Had Her Second Child? • 31 — What If... Spider-Man Had Not Lost His Cosmic Powers? • 32 — What If... Phoenix Had Not Died? • 33 — What If... Phoenix Rose Again? • 34 — What If... No One Watched the Watcher? (humor special with 23 stories) • 35 — What If... The Fantastic Five Fought Doctor Doom & Annihilus? (Timequake Part I) — What If... Lady Deathstrike got a hangnail? • 36 — What If... The Cosmic Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy Had Been Defeated By Korvac? (Timequake Part II) • 37 — What If... Wolverine and His X-Vampires Conquered the World? (Timequake Part III) • 38 — What If... Thor Had Become a Thrall of Seth? (Timequake Part IV) • 39 — What If... The Watcher Saved the Multiverse? (Timequake Part V) — What If? Magneto Was Stuck in an Elevator with Colossus, Iron Man and Doctor Doom?? • 40 — What If... Storm Stayed a Thief? Collected in X-Men: Alterniverse Visions — Collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol. 2 • 41 — What If... The Avengers Had Fought Galactus? — What If? The Fantastic Four Was Led By Keith Richards Instead of Reed Richards? What If? Wolverine Was the Worst There Was At What He Does? • 42 — What If... Spider-Man Had Kept His Six Arms? • 43 — What If... Wolverine Had Married Mariko? • 44 — What If... Venom Had Possessed the Punisher? • 45 — What If... Barbara Ketch Became Ghost Rider? • 46 — What if... Cable had Destroyed the X-Men? • 47 — What If... Magneto Took Over The USA? • 48 — What If... Daredevil Saved Nuke? • 49 — What If... Silver Surfer Possessed the Infinity Gauntlet? • 50 — What If... The Hulk Killed Wolverine? • 51 — What If... The Punisher became Captain America? • 52 — What If... Doctor Doom Became Sorcerer Supreme? • 53 — What If... The Iron Man of 2020 Had Been Stranded in the Past? Collected in Iron Man 2020 — What If... Rick Jones Remained the Hulk? What If... Spider-Man Killed the Lizard? • 54 — What If... Minion Had Not Killed Death's Head? Collected in Death's Head: Freelance Peacekeeping Agent • 55 — What If... The Avengers Lost Operation Galactic Storm? (Part 1) Collected in Avengers: Galactic Storm Vol. 2 • 56 — What If... The Avengers Lost Operation Galactic Storm? (Part 2) • 57 — What If... The Punisher Became an Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.? • 58 — What If... The Punisher Had Killed Spider-Man? • 59 — What If... Wolverine Led Alpha Flight? Collected in X-Men: Alterniverse Visions • 60 — A What If... X-Men Wedding Album Collected in X-Men: The Wedding of Cyclops and Jean Grey Omnibus — What If Scott Summers and Jean Grey Had Married Earlier? What If Scott Summers and Jean Grey Had Never Fallen in Love at All? What If Phoenix Had Fallen for Wolverine? • 61 — What If... Spider-Man's Parents Destroyed His Family? • 62 — What If... Wolverine Battled Weapon X? Collected in X-Men: Alterniverse Visions • 63 — What If... War Machine Had Not Destroyed the Living Laser? • 64 — What If... Iron Man Went Public? • 65 — What If... Archangel Fell From Grace? • 66 — What If... Rogue Possessed the Power of Thor? Collected in X-Men: Alterniverse Visions • 67 — What If... Captain America Were Revived Today? (Part 1) • 68 — What If... Captain America Were Revived Today? (Part 2) • 69 — What If... Stryfe Killed the X-Men? Collected in X-Men: Alterniverse Visions • 70 — What If... The Silver Surfer Had Not Betrayed Galactus? • 71 — What If... The Gamma Bomb Spawned A Thousand Hulks? • 72 — What If... Spider-Man Became a Murderer? • 73 — What if... The Kingpin Owned Daredevil? • 74 — What If... Mr. Sinister Formed the X-Men? • 75 — What If... Blink of Generation X Had Not Died? • 76 — What If... Peter Parker Had to Destroy Spider-Man? — Collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol. 3 • 77 — What If... Legion Killed Magneto? Collected in X-Men: Age Of Apocalypse Companion Omnibus • 78 — What If... The New Fantastic Four Had Remained A Team? • 79 — What If... Storm Had the Power of Phoenix? • 80 — What If... The Hulk Had Evolved Into the Maestro? • 81 — What If... The Age of Apocalypse Had Not Ended? Collected in X-Men: Age Of Apocalypse Companion Omnibus • 82 — What If... J. Jonah Jameson Adopted Spider-Man? • 83 — What If... Daredevil Was The Disciple Of Doctor Strange? • 84 — What If... Shard Had Lived Instead of Bishop? — Not collected due to involvement of writer Gerard Jones, who has been convicted on child pornography charges • 85 — What If... Magneto Ruled All Mutants? — Collected in What If? Into the Multiverse Omnibus Vol. 3 • 86 — What If... Scarlet Spider Had Killed Spider-Man? • 87 — What If... Starring Sabretooth: Cat and Mouse • 88 — What If... Starring Spider-Man: Arachnamorphosis • 89 — What If... Starring Fantastic Four: The Fantastic Farce • 90 — What If... Starring Cyclops And Havok: In The Shadows • 91 — What If... Starring Hulk: The Man, The Monster • 92 — What If... Starring Cannonball's Little Brother Josh and His Pet Sentinel • 93 — What If... Starring Wolverine: A Man No More • 94 — What If... Starring The Juggernaut: Kingdom Of Cain • 95 — What If... Starring Ghost Rider: Broken Soul • 96 — What If... Starring Quicksilver: The Quick and the Dead • 97 — What If... Starring Black Knight: Last Light • 98 — What If... Starring Rogue: Children In The Attic • -1 — What If... Starring Bishop: The Traitor • 99 — What If... Starring Spider-Man: The Men Behind The Mask • 100 — What If... Starring Gambit: Paper Skin — There's No Place Like That Place Where You Sleep and Keep Your Stuff What If... Starring Xavier's Sales Executives What If... Starring Wolver-Wimp What If... Starring Sheep-Boy Sabretooth and Wolverine Were Best Friends • 101 — What If... Starring Archangel: Angel of Death — What If Gambit was a Street Card Hustler • 102 — What If... Daredevil's Dad Had Thrown The Big Fight? • 103 — What If... Starring Captain America: The Unknown Soldier • 104 — What If... Starring Silver Surfer: Finders Keepers • 105 — What If... Starring Spider-Man: Legacy... In Black and White Collected in Spider-Girl: The Complete Collection Vol. 1 • 106 — What If... Starring Gambit: Revenge! Retribution! • 107 — What If... Starring Thor: If This Age Be Golden • 108 — What If... Starring The Avengers: The Greatest Sacrifice! Collected in Carnage Epic Collection Vol 3: The Monster Inside • 109 — What If... Starring Fantastic Four: Tragedy In A Tiny Town — What If... Rogue was Ugly? • 110 — What If... Starring The Uncanny X-Men: Family Ties — What If... Doctor Doom Successfully Took Over the World? • 111 — What If... Starring Wolverine: Horseman of War • 112 — What If... Starring Ka-Zar: New York...The New Savage Land...No Escape! • 113 — What If... Starring: Iron Man: Strange Allies • 114 — What If... Starring: Secret Wars—25 Years Later Collected in Secret Wars Omnibus

In February 2005, Marvel published a further six issues of What If. They were all in the "one-shot" format. The editor, Justin Gabrie, attributed the publication of volume 3 to a suggestion from C. B. Cebulski. Marvel published a single parody edition called Wha...Huh?!? in August 2005. • What If Jessica Jones Had Joined The Avengers? (Also collected in Jessica Jones: Avenger, and Jessica Jones: Alias Omnibus) • What If Karen Page Had Lived? (Also collected in Daredevil by Brian Michael Bendis & Alex Maleev Vol. 2) • What If Aunt May Had Died Instead Of Uncle Ben? • What If Dr. Doom Had Become The Thing? • What If Magneto Had Formed The X-Men With Professor X? • What If General Ross Had Become The Hulk? (Also collected in Incredible Hulk by Peter David Vol. 5)

In February 2006, publication of volume 4 began. Again, there were six issues in the "one-shot" format. However, rather than follow What if tradition of using a divergence from a specific plot point, Volume 4 more closely resembled the DC Comics equivalent, Elseworlds, which presents stories that are continuities based on alternate versions (in time or place) of canon (for example, Superman: Red Son is a story in which Superman was raised in the Soviet Union instead of the United States) all but one of the volume 4 issues uses this format, explained by Uatu the Watcher having discovered historical documents from an alternative dimension. From the Japanese feudal era, the divergence of a shared alternate universe, Earth-717, begins. This divergence is the time when a Daredevil hero known as "the Devil Who Dares" appears. It is also the realm where characters are given alternative life histories and where they proceed in alternative historical periods. Examples from volume 4 include Captain America battling the "White Skull" during the American Civil War; Wolverine taking on the role of the Punisher and fighting mobsters in 1920s Prohibition-era Chicago; Namor the Sub-Mariner being raised by his father on the surface during World War II; Thor becoming a herald of Galactus; and a Soviet version of the Fantastic Four, known as the "Ultimate Federalist Freedom Fighters" (consisting of Rudion Richards, Colossus, Magik and the Widow Maker), during the Cold War. • What If...Captain America fought in the Civil War? • What If...the Fantastic Four were Cosmonauts? • What If...Daredevil lived in feudal Japan? • What If...Namor grew up on land? • What If...Thor was a herald of Galactus? • What If...Wolverine was Public Enemy No. 1 in mob-ridden 1920s Chicago? (Also collected in Wolverine by Daniel Way Complete Collection Vol 2)

In 2006, Marvel published another set of What If? issues, including one based on the Spider-Man story "The Other". • What If? Avengers Disassembled #1: "Witchhunt: What if the Scarlet Witch hadn't acted alone?" • What If? Spider-Man The Other #1: "What if Spider-Man had rejected the Spider? Poison Selves" • What If? Wolverine Enemy of the State #1: "What if Wolverine was never Deprogrammed? Bite the Hand that Feeds" • What If? X-Men Age of Apocalypse #1:...What If Legion Had Killed Xavier and Magneto?" (Also collected in X-Men: Age of Apocalypse Companion) • What If? X-Men Deadly Genesis #1: "What If Xavier's Secret Second Team Had Survived?"

Volume 6 consists of five issues (2007–2008). A sixth, "What If: This Was the Fantastic Four", featuring Spider-Man, Wolverine, Ghost Rider and Hulk, was to be released in November 2007, but it was withheld due to the death of Mike Wieringo. What If: This Was the Fantastic Four was released as a tribute to Wieringo in June 2008 as a 48-page special. All its proceeds went to the Hero Initiative. The other issues were: • What If?: Planet Hulk (October 2007) (Also collected in Hulk: Planet Hulk Omnibus) • What If?: Annihilation (November 2007) • What If?: Civil War (December 2007) • What If? X-Men: Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire (December 2007) • What If? Spider-Man vs. Wolverine (January 2008) These issues were collected into a trade paperback, What If...? Civil War.

In December 2008, Marvel published five What If specials which appeared weekly. They included: Fallen Son: The Death of Captain America, House of M, Spider-Man: Back in Black, and Secret Wars. A new "Fantastic Four" consisted of the Hulk, Spider-Man, Iron Man, and Wolverine. In addition, a story line featuring the Runaways as the Young Avengers ran throughout Volume 7. • What If? House of M #1: "What If...Scarlet Witch Ended the 'House of M' By Saying, 'No More Power?'" (February 2009) (Also collected in House of M Companion Omnibus) • What If? Fallen Son #1: "What If...Iron Man Had Died?" (February 2009) • What If? Newer Fantastic Four #1: "What If...Newer Fantastic Four?" (February 2009) • What If? Spider-Man Back in Black #1: "What If...Mary Jane Had Been Shot Instead of Aunt May?" (February 2009) • What If? Secret Wars #1: "What If Doctor Doom Kept the Beyonder's Power?" (February 2009)

In December 2009, a new series was published. Volume 8 focused on three recent events in the Marvel Universe, including the Spider-Man: House of M miniseries and the "World War Hulk" and "Secret Invasion" story lines. There was also an edition focusing on the Astonishing X-Men series and a classic What If? about Daredevil and Elektra. With the exception of this last issue, each comic in Volume 8 featured two alternatives for the event. • What If? Secret Invasion #1: "What if the Skrulls succeeded in their Secret Invasion?" (February 2010) • What If? World War Hulk #1: "What If The Heroes Lost World War Hulk?" (February 2010) • What If? Daredevil Vs. Elektra #1: "What If Daredevil Died Saving Elektra?" (February 2010) • What If? Astonishing X-Men #1: "What If Ord Resurrected Jean Grey Instead of Colossus?": (February 2010) • What If? Spider-Man: House of M #1: "What If... Gwen Stacy Survived The House of M?" (February 2010) (Also collected in House of M Companion Omnibus)

In September 2010, Marvel announced a ninth series of five What If issues in the one-shot format, to be released in December 2010. The second to fifth issues of volume 9 were not numbered. • What If? Iron Man: Demon in an Armor #1: "What If Tony Stark Had Become Doctor Doom?" (February 2011) • What If? Wolverine: Father #1: "Wolverine: Father" (February 2011) (Also collected in Daken: Dark Wolverine Omnibus) • What If? Spider-Man #1: "What If Spider-Man Killed Kraven the Hunter?" (February 2011) • What If? Dark Reign #1 "What If Clint Barton Killed Norman Osborn?"(February 2011) • Venom/Deadpool: What If? #1 "What If Venom Possessed Deadpool?"(April 2011) (Also collected in Deadpool Classic Vol 20: Ultimate Deadpool) What If? #200 was an extra-sized edition featuring two stories. It presented an alternative for the Siege Marvel Universe event, asking what might have happened if the Sentry had not lost control and Norman Osborn had conquered Asgard. The second story examined "The Galactus Trilogy", and was written by Stan Lee, the author of the original.

On March 22, 2013, Marvel's editor-in-chief Axel Alonso revealed to Comic Book Resources that What If...? was coming back with What If...? Avengers vs. X-Men, a four-issue limited series written by Jimmy Palmiotti and illustrated by Jorge Molina.

In April 2014, Marvel released the five-issue series What If? Age of Ultron, which spun out of the 2013 event and examined the consequences of Wolverine going back in time to kill Hank Pym before he created Ultron. Each issue explored what a new universe would be like which arose from the removal of another core Avenger, with the Wasp in #1, Iron Man in #2, Thor in #3 and Captain America in #4. The series was concluded in #5 with a world where Hank Pym never created Ultron in the first place and thus, a universe without Ultron's creation of the Vision.

In October 2015, Marvel released another five-part series of stories under the What If? banner, this time focused on the 2013 story line "Infinity", which saw the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Inhumans and other groups dealing with a combined threat of a universal incursion by the race the Builders, and an attack on Earth by Thanos and his forces. Each issue is a self-contained story, and the first four explore a different outcome to the event. The fifth, What If? Infinity: Dark Reign, presents a world in which Norman Osborn and the Dark Avengers had acquired the Infinity Gauntlet during the 2008 - 09 "Dark Reign" story line. • What If? Infinity: Thanos • What If? Infinity: Inhumans • What If? Infinity: X-Men • What If? Infinity: Guardians Of The Galaxy • What If? Infinity: Dark Reign

In October 2018, Marvel released six more one-shots under the What If? banner, as well as several $1.00 True Believer reprints of classic What If? issues. • What If? Spider-Man Vol. 2 "What if Flash Thompson became Spider-Man" (2018) • What If? X-Men Vol. 1 "What if the X-Men were.EXE/men?" (2018) • What If? The Punisher Vol. 1 "What if Peter Parker became the Punisher?" (2018) • What If? Ghost Rider Vol. 1 (2018) "What if Marvel Comics Went Metal with Ghost Rider?" (2018) • What If? Thor Vol. 1 "What if Thor were raised by Frost Giants?" (2018) • What If? Magik Vol. 1 "What if Magik became Sorcerer Supreme?" (2018)

In 2021, Marvel published a five-issue miniseries titled Spider-Man: Spider's Shadow, detailing what if Peter Parker fully accepted the alien symbiote and became Venom. While it did not have the title of What If?, it did have the branding on the cover.

In 2022, Marvel published a five-issue miniseries exploring what would happen if Miles Morales had acquired the powers of different Marvel super-heroes. The first four issues saw him become Captain America, Wolverine, Hulk, and Thor, with the four divergent Miles meeting in the final issue. The issue "What If...? Miles Morales Became Thor" received criticism for racist dialogue and imagery from its white and Hispanic creative team.

In 2023, Marvel published six one-shots under the title What If... Dark?, which revisited iconic Marvel stories with a darker twist. • What If...? Dark: Loki #1: "What if Loki wielded Mjolnir?" (July 2023) • What If...? Dark: Spider-Gwen #1: "What if Gwen Stacy didn't die on the bridge that day, but Spider-Man did?" (July 2023) • What If...? Dark: Venom #1: "What If Ben Grimm became Venom?" (August 2023) • What If...? Dark: Moon Knight #1: "What if Moon Knight did not survive his battle with Bushman?" (August 2023) • What If...? Dark: Carnage #1: "What if Cortland Kasady became Carnage?" (September 2023) • What If...? Dark: Tomb of Dracula #1: "What if Dracula transformed Blade into a vampire?" (August 2023)

In 2024, Marvel announced that What If...? would move beyond solely the Marvel Universe to explore alternate takes on the continuities of other franchises owned by their parent company The Walt Disney Company, beginning with Aliens: What If...?, based on the Alien franchise, the first five-issue arc of which would explore the scenario "What If... Carter Burke had lived?", exploring what would happen if the character of Carter Burke had survived the events of the 1986 film Aliens, with the series to be written by the character's actor Paul Reiser, his son Leon Reiser, as well as Adam F. Goldberg, Brian Volk-Weiss, and Hans Rodionoff, with art by Guiu Vilanova.

In 2024, Marvel announced a five-issue miniseries exploring what would happen if the Venom symbiote had bonded with different Marvel super-heroes. Over the course of the run, the symbiote bonds with She-Hulk, Wolverine, Doctor Strange, Loki, and Moon Knight in a single continuity.

From July 2024 to July 2025, Marvel published a What If...? series exploring what would happen if classic Disney characters had acquired the powers of different Marvel super-heroes. • What if...? Donald Duck Became Wolverine #1: "Old Duck Donald" (July 2024) • What If...? Donald Duck Became Thor #1: (September 2024) • What If...? Minnie Became Captain Marvel #1: "The Awesome Origin of Minnie Captain Marvel!" (November 2024) • What If...? Mickey & Friends Became the Fantastic Four #1: (January 2024) • What If...? Mickey & Friends Became the Avengers #1: (March 2025) • What If...? Donald Duck Became Iron Man #1: (May 2025) • What If...? Goofy Became Spider-Man #1: (July 2025)

In the summer of 2026, Marvel will release eight new What If...? one-shots to celebrate the series' 50th anniversary. • What If...? Uncanny X-Men #1: "What if Cyclops stayed with Madelyne Pryor?" (June 2026) • What If...? Thor #1: "What if Thor got Spider-Man's Symbiote suit?" (June 2026) • What If...? Secret Wars #1: "What if the Ultimate universe survived the Secret Wars?" (July 2026) • What If...? Jessica Jones #1: "What if Jessica Jones was bitten by the radioactive spider?" (July 2026) • What If...? Spider-Man #1: "What if Kraven survived his last hunt?" (July 2026) • What If...? Captain America #1: "What if Captain America was revived in 2099?" (August 2026) • What If...? Runways #1: "What if the Runaways hadn't run away?" (August 2026) • What If...? X-Men #1: "What if Cassandra Nova killed Professor X?" (August 2026)

What If serves as inspiration for media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU): • The fourth season of the TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. features a story arc loosely inspired by the What If series, with the first episode of it being named after the comic book series. Throughout the arc, Holden Radcliffe and his A.I. assistant Aida develop a virtual world called the Framework, which depicts the lives of several S.H.I.E.L.D. agents under drastically different circumstances. • A self-titled animated series based on What If depicts the Watcher (voiced by Jeffrey Wright) observing events in the MCU multiverse occurring differently.