Vadya
Vadya, also called vadyaka or atodya, is one of the three components of sangita (musical performance arts), and refers to "instrumental music" in the Indian traditions. The other two components of sangita are gita (vocal music, song) and nritya (dance, movement). In the general sense, vadya means an instrument and the characteristic music they produce, sound, or play out.
Also recorded as Vadyaka · Atodya · Vaditra
Vadya
Veena.svg: Sreejithk2000 derivative work: Gringer (talk) · Veena.svg · CC BY 3.0
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- musical instrument
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Documentary summary
Vadya, also called vadyaka or atodya, is one of the three components of sangita (musical performance arts), and refers to "instrumental music" in the Indian traditions. The other two components of sangita are gita (vocal music, song) and nritya (dance, movement). In the general sense, vadya means an instrument and the characteristic music they produce, sound, or play out.
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In this article
Indian musicology
Indian musicology
The term vadya in the sense of "music, sounded, played, uttered" appears in Vedic literature such as the Aitareya Brahmana, and in early post-Vedic era Sanskrit texts such as the Natya Shastra, Panchatantra, Malvikagnimitra, and Kathasaritsagara. These texts refer to the musician or instrumental performer as vadyadhara. A stringed instrument is described with proportional lengths in Jaiminiya Brahmana and Aitareya Aranyaka, and these are compared to poetical meters. The 17th-century text Sangita Darpana defines sangita (musical arts) as "gītam vādyam tathā nrityam trayan sangīta muchyate", meaning sangita comprises (vocal music), (instrumental music), and nritya (dance).
Classification of instruments
Classification of instruments
Sanskrit literature describes four types of vadya: • Tantu: stringed musical instrument (chordophone) • Susira: hollow musical instrument (aerophone) • Ghana: solid musical instrument (idiophone) • Avanaddha: covered musical instrument (membranophone)
Ensembles and orchestras
Ensembles and orchestras
The chapter 14 of the Saṅgītaśiromaṇi describes musical ensembles based on a collective performance of vadya instruments by musicians, and it calls such a band orchestra as a kutapa.
Cultural exchange
Cultural exchange
The term vadya also appears in the Buddhist Sanskrit text Sukhavativyuha, influential in the Chinese and Japanese traditions, which Luis Gomez translates as "instrumental music". In Hindu-Javanese music tradition, vadya is called vaditra. According to Roger Blench, most scholars consider the term valiha (a Madagascar tube zither instrument) to be rooted in the Sanskrit term vadya, reflecting a period of cultural exchange over the Indian Ocean.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Bigamudre Chaitanya Deva. Indian Music. Taylor & Francis. 95–96. 1995. 978-81-224-0730-3.
- 2.Motilal Banarsidass. Sanskrit Drama in Performance. 117–118. 1993. 978-81-208-0772-3.
- 3.Lewis Rowell. Music and Musical Thought in Early India. University of Chicago Press. 13. 2015. 978-0-226-73034-9.
- 4.Jaap Kunst. Hindu-Javanese Musical Instruments. Springer Science. 88 with footnote 26. 2013. 978-94-011-9185-2.
- 5.Taylor & Francis. The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent. 19–20. 2000. 978-0-8240-4946-1.
- 6.Lewis Rowell. Music and Musical Thought in Early India. University of Chicago Press. 113–114. 2015. 978-0-226-73034-9.
- 7.Mandakranta Bose. Movement and Mimesis: The Idea of Dance in the Sanskritic Tradition. Springer Science. 57. 2012. 978-94-011-3594-8.
- 8.Monier Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press, page 940
- 9.Emmie te Nijenhuis. Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music. BRILL Academic. 12–14. 1992. 90-04-09498-9.
- 10.Dona, Lasanthi Manaranjanie Kalinga. On the Therapeutic Aspects of Indian Classical Music. Musik-, Tanz- und Kunsttherapie. Hogrefe Publishing. 23. 1. 8–14. 2012. 10.1026/0933-6885/a000069.
- 11.Dilip Ranjan Barthakur. The Music and Musical Instruments of North Eastern India. Mittal Publications. 3–4. 2003. 978-81-7099-881-5.
- 12.Bonnie C. Wade. Music in India: The Classical Traditions. Riverdale Company. 88. 1987. 978-0-913215-25-8.
- 13.Emmie Te Nijenhuis. Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music. BRILL Academic. 524–525. 1992. 90-04-09498-9.
- 14.Luis Gómez (1996), The Land of Bliss: Sanskrit and Chinese Versions of the Sukhāvatīvyūha Sutras, University of Hawaii Press, , page 72 (verse 28.23)
- 15.Roger Blench (2014), Using Diverse Sources of Evidence for Reconstructing the Past History of Musical Exchanges in the Indian Ocean, African Archaeological Review, Volume 31, Issue 4 (December), pp 675–703
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