Trebizond Gospel
Trebizond Gospel, ℓ 243 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Byzantine illuminated manuscript with the text of Gospel Lectionary, dating palaeographically to the 11th century, with 15 parchment leaves (33 by 36.5 cm) from the 10th century or earlier. The manuscript is thought to have been created in Constantinople, probably commissioned by a Byzantine Emperor. The book was later decorated with gold and jewels by Andronicus II of Trebizond (reigned 1263 – 1266).
Trebizond Gospel
- Date
- 950
VALÉORINE Encyclopedia
VALÉORINE documentary reading
Documentary summary
Trebizond Gospel, ℓ 243 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Byzantine illuminated manuscript with the text of Gospel Lectionary, dating palaeographically to the 11th century, with 15 parchment leaves (33 by 36.5 cm) from the 10th century or earlier. The manuscript is thought to have been created in Constantinople, probably commissioned by a Byzantine Emperor. The book was later decorated with gold and jewels by Andronicus II of Trebizond (reigned 1263 – 1266).
Admitted source layer · organised and presented by VALÉORINE
Note VALÉORINE
No house-authored Note is published until its assertions and sources pass the VALÉORINE evidence contract. The documentary article remains available in full while that enrichment is being consolidated.
Documentary enrichment in progress · no unsupported statement published
Reference Check
Propose documentary evidence for Trebizond Gospel. A contribution is never written directly as fact: identity, source, rights and evidence gates still decide.
Sign in to contribute
Documentary evidence
Evidence Panel
wikipedia incomplete · checked 25 September 2026
- Identity
- resolved
- Independent source families
- 0
- Admitted assertions
- 0
- Open conflicts
- 0
Authority files
wikidata · Q32290 · wikipedia · Trebizond Gospel
In this article
Dated record
History of the document
The full dated record · 1 entries
950
Trebizond Gospel created.
Description
In 1858, the manuscript was presented by the Orthodox Metropolitan of Trebizond as a gift to Alexander II of Russia, who in turn donated it to the Imperial Russian National Library. It is still held in that library.
• Illustration — Trebizond gospel The text is written in two columns per page, 18 lines per page in uncial letters. It contains 15 pictures. It is not known where it was created due to its colophon being lost. Originally it was believed to have originated from the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire but later Russian analysis placed it as being from Constantinople due to the art style. It combined Greek illustrations with Armenian pigments. It is believed to have been a commission from the Byzantine Emperor due to the level of detail within it. The Canon tables within it are made distinct from each other, with elaborate designs of flowers and peacocks across the pages of the Gospel. Though the Gospel still portrays the Four Evangelists as being together in a single folio to demonstrate the harmony of the four Gospel accounts. The book was richly decorated with gold and jewels by the Trapezuntine Emperor Andronicus. In 1858, the Trebizond Gospel was presented by the Orthodox Metropolitan of Trebizond to the Emperor Alexander II of Russia, who donated it to the Imperial Russian National Library, where is held to the present day (Codex Gr. 21, 21a). It was examined and described by Eduard de Muralt. The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3), because of its small textual value.
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Trebizond Gospel”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q32290: Trebizond Gospel
Unverified · Wikidata
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments, (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1994), p. 243.
- 2.C. R. Gregory, "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1900, vol. 1, p. 408.
- 3.Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261. 358. 1997. 9780870997778.
- 4.Ostromir Gospel and the Manuscript Tradition of the New Testament Texts: Gospel of Trebizond. National Library of Russia.
- 5.Bedrosian, Margaret. The Magical Pine Ring. Wayne State University Press. 15. 1991. 9780814323397.
- 6.Fresno State University. The Art of the Book. 94.
- 7.Eduard de Muralt, Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque Impériale publique (Petersburg 1864), pp. 40-41.
- 8.The Greek New Testament, ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, United Bible Societies, 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), pp. XXVIII, XXX.
Bibliography printed in the source article · 2
- Eduard de Muralt, Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque Impériale publique (Petersburg 1864), pp. 40–41.
- Likhachova V. D., Byzantine miniature, Moscow: Iskusstvo Art Publishers 1977, p. 14.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
reference work
Partially resolvedauthority record
Unverified
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
Elsewhere in Manuscripts
376 published records in this field, each with its sources named.
- Tomić PsalterManuscript
- Topkapi manuscriptManuscript
- Tractatus de herbisManuscript
- Tractatus de Herbis (Sloane MS 4016)Manuscript
- Très Riches Heures du duc de BerryManuscript
- Trier copy of the Registrum GregoriiManuscript
- Trier GospelsManuscript
- Trinity College ApocalypseManuscript
Best supported in this field
For owners
Own a copy of Trebizond Gospel?
A specialist will read what you send and tell you what the house can establish, what it cannot, and whether the object is suited to sale. There is no charge and no obligation. The object stays with you throughout; nothing is shipped to us unless it is arranged in writing beforehand.