teponaztli
A teponaztli [tepoˈnast͡ɬi] is a type of slit drum used in central Mexico by the Aztecs and related cultures.
Also recorded as quiringua · tepenahuasqui · teponagua · teponahuaztli
teponaztli

Madman2001 · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Field
- idiophone and slit drum.
- Region
- Mexico.
- Related practice
- trunk.
VALÉORINE Encyclopedia
VALÉORINE documentary reading
Documentary summary
A teponaztli [tepoˈnast͡ɬi] is a type of slit drum used in central Mexico by the Aztecs and related cultures.
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original value insufficient · checked 25 September 2026
- Identity
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Authority files
wikidata · Q2574301 · wikipedia · Teponaztli
In this article
Structure
Structure
Teponaztli are made of hollow hardwood logs, often fire-hardened. Like most slit drums, teponaztlis have two slits on their topside, cut into the shape of an "H". The resultant strips or tongues are then struck with rubber-head wood mallets, or with deer antlers. Since the tongues are of different lengths, or carved into different thicknesses, the teponaztli produces 2 different pitches, usually near a third or fourth apart. Teponaztli were usually decorated with relief carvings of various deities or with abstract designs, and were even carved into the shapes of creatures or humans. Some of these creatures are open-mouthed, providing increased volume through the hole at the end. On other drums, a hole was made on the drum's underside. Teponaztli from the Mixtec culture in what is today south-central Mexico are known for their various battle or mythological scenes carved in relief. These drums ranged in size from about 1 foot (30 cm) to 4 feet (1.2 metres) long. The larger teponaztli would be rested upon a supporting frame. The smaller ones could either be rested on a frame or carried by straps about the shoulders.
Use
Use
Someone who plays a teponaztli is called a teponāzoāni [teponaːsoˈaːni] and teponaztli were used in dances, poetry, celebrations(as shown in the Florentine Codex above) or in warfare as a means of communication. According to some sources, on important state occasions the blood of sacrificial victims was at times poured into the drum. Motolinia, a Franciscan friar and chronicler of post-conquest Aztec life, stated that the teponaztli, or as he called it the contrabajos (counterbass), was often played with the huehuetl skin drum to accompany various dances. In addition to dances, teponaztlis were used to accompanied poetry readings: the notations for the sounds of the drum beats (cuīcatlahtōl [kʷiːkaˈt͡ɬaʔtoːl]) even at times appear within the poetry itself ("totocoto tototo cototo tiquititi titiqui tiquito"). The word cuīcatlahtōl, meaning "musical note", is formed from the two words cuīcatl [ˈkʷiːkat͡ɬ] (song) and tlahtōlli [t͡ɬaʔˈtoːlːi] (word). This solfege-style notation allows reconstruction the rhythms and sounds of the Aztecs.
Strokes
Strokes
Each drum pattern is written using four syllables: To, Ko, Ti, Ki Pitch: To and Ko: low tones Ti and Ki: high tones Beat: To and Ti: downbeats Ko and Ki: upbeats
Places
Named by the record
Places
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Mexico.
Country
teponaztli is associated with Mexico.
Country
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Teponaztli”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q2574301: teponaztli
Unverified · Wikidata
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Guggenheim.
- 2.Collier, p. 404.
- 3.Collier, p.404.
- 4.Motolinia, Book 2, Chapter 26.
- 5.Coe, p. 193-194.
- 6.El teponaztli en la tradición musical azteca.
- 7.Tulga, P. (2012). Aztec Drum Rhythms. Retrieved September 7, 2012, from link.
References
Citations
References
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reference work
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Connections
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Broader subject
1- idiophoneTerminology
Established from a fact already recorded on a verified source.
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
Elsewhere in Collectables
20,755 published records in this field, each with its sources named.
- Tenshi no SolitaireWork
- Tenshi no Uta CollectionWork
- Tenshitachi no GogoWork
- TentacularWork
- TeppenWork
- TerebikkoTerminology
- TeresaTerminology
- Terminal VelocityWork
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