tautirut
The tautirut (Inuktitut syllabics: iu-Cans or tautiruut, also known as the Eskimo fiddle) is a bowed zither native to the Inuit culture of Canada. • Illustration — "Eskimo violin" from Hudson bay area. Turner described the "Eskimo violin" in 1894 as being..made of birch or spruce, and the two strings are of coarse, loosely twisted sinew. The bow has a strip of whalebone in place of horsehair, and is resined with spruce gum.
Also recorded as tautiruut · Eskimo fiddle
tautirut
- Field
- box zither · bowed string instrument
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wikidata · Q2405825 · wikipedia · Tautirut
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Origin
This fiddle is held across the lap when played. The Canadian anthropologist Ernest William Hawkes described the tautirut in 1916: It consists of a rude box, with a square hole in the top, three sinew strings with bridge and tail-piece and a short bow with a whalebone strip for hair.. Most Eskimo fiddles have only one string.
The tautirut, along with the Apache fiddle are among the few First Nations chordophones which may possibly be pre-Columbian in origin. Ethnomusicologist Anthony Baines and others have noted the similarity of the tautirut to the Icelandic fiðla and Shetland gue. Peter Cooke believed that the tautiruts limited distribution around the Hudson Bay area indicated that it was introduced to the Inuit by Hudson's Bay Company sailors from the Orkney and Shetland Islands.
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The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article Tautirut, revision 1349459702 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
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These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Lucien M. Turner: Ethnology of the Ungava District, Hudson Bay Territory. Eleventh annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 1894, S. 259 (bei Internet Archive).
- 2.Lucien Schneider: Ulirnaisigutiit: an Inuktitut-English dictionary of Northern Quebec, Labrador and Eastern Arctic dialects with an English-Inuktitut index, translated from the French. Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec 1985, ISBN 2-7637-7065-7, S. 402.
- 3.Lucien M. Turner, 1894, S. 259.
- 4.Paul Collaer: Amerika. Musikgeschichte in Bildern, 1966, S. 70.
- 5.Beverly Diamond: Tautirut, 2014, S. 722.
- 6.Paul Collaer: Amerika. Musikgeschichte in Bildern, 1966, S. 32.
- 7.Michael Hauser: Traditional Inuit Songs from the Thule Area. Band 1. Museum Tusculanum Press, Njalsgade (Dänemark) 2010, ISBN 978-8763525893, S. 571.
- 8.Beverley Diamond, M. Sam Cronk, Franziska von Rosen: Visions of sound: musical instruments of First Nations Communities in Northeastern America. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo (Ontario) 1994, ISBN 0-88920-228-1, S. 56, Fußnote 6.
- 9.Max Peter Baumann: Saiteninstrumente in Lateinamerika. In: Erich Stockmann (Hrsg.): Studia Instrumentorum Musicae Popularis VIII. (Musikhistor. Museets Skrifter. 10) Musikmuseets, Stockholm 1985, S. 157–167, hier S. 165, Fußnote 40.
- 10.Paul Collaer: Amerika. Musikgeschichte in Bildern, 1966, S. 90.
- 11.Ernest William Hawkes: The Labrador Eskimo. (Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 91. Anthropological Series, No. 14) Government Printing Bureau, Ottawa 1916, S. 122 (bei Internet Archive).
- 12.Anthony Baines: The Oxford companion to musical instruments. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1992, ISBN 0-19-311334-1, S. 189.
- 13.Peter Cooke: The Fiddle Tradition of the Shetland Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986, ISBN 0-521-26855-9, S. 4f.
- 14.Beverly Diamond: Tautirut, 2014, S. 723.
- 15.Michael Fortescue, Inge Kleivan: Greenlandic-Danish. In: Hans Goebl (Hrsg.): Kontaktlinguistik / Contact Linguistics / Linguistique de contact. 2. Halbband, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1997, S. 1052.
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1- bowed string instrumentTerminology
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