TACAM T-60

• Name — TACAM T-60 • Origin — Romania Soviet Union • Type — Tank Destroyer • Is Vehicle — yes • Service — 1943—45 • Used By — Romania • Wars — World War II • Designer — Leonida Nicholas Astrov (T-60) • Design Date — 1942—43 • Manufacturer — Atelierele Leonida Factory 37, GAZ, Factory 38, Factory 264 (T-60) • Production Date — 1943 • Number — 34 (or 51) • Variants — TACAM T-60A T-60 • Length — 4.24 m • Width — 2.35 m • Height — 2.31 m • Crew — 3 • Weight — 9 t • Suspension — torsion bar • Speed — On road: 40 km/h Off road: 20 km/h • Vehicle Range — 200 km • Primary Armament — 1 x 76.2 mm Soviet M-1936 F-22 field gun • Secondary Armament — 1 x 7.92 mm ZB-53 machine gun 1 x submachine gun • Armour — 15 - • Engine — 6-cylinder, water-cooled GAZ 202 • Engine Power — 80 hp • Fuel Capacity — 280 L • Clearance — 33 cm

By December 1942 it was blatantly obvious that Romania had nothing capable of defeating the modern Soviet medium and heavy tanks and was not likely to get anything capable of doing so from the Germans anytime soon. Romania had a number of captured modern Soviet tanks and field guns and it was decided to convert them to tank destroyers on the model of the German Marder II. The T-60 light tank was chosen because Romanian industry could maintain it, not least because its engine was a license-built Dodge-DeSoto-Fargo F.H.2 for which spares were available in both Romania and Germany. A captured Soviet 76.2 mm M-1936 F-22 field gun was removed from its carriage and a new mount was fabricated to fit the gun to a turretless T-60. A fighting compartment was built using armor salvaged from captured Soviet tanks and the suspension was reinforced to handle its greater weight. Leonida finished the prototype on 19 January 1943. The Romanians had unknowingly carried through with an unsuccessful Soviet project. In 1942, the Soviets attempted more than once to mount the same 76.2 mm field gun to the T-60 chassis, but failed due to the latter's supposedly inadequate size. Yet, the Romanians managed to successfully materialize the concept and even put it into serial (albeit limited) production. Romanian industry was unable to maintain 16 Allied tanks and assault guns mounting guns of 75 mm or larger — six T-34s, two KV-1s, two T-28s, one IS-2, one ISU-152, and four M3 Lees — which Romania captured, relegating them to use only for anti-tank training. By converting 34 captured T-60 light tanks — the only captured enemy tanks Romanian industry could maintain — to carry a captured 76.2-mm field gun, creating the TACAM T-60, the Romanians more than made up for their inability to keep the 16 heavily armed captured Allied tanks and assault guns operational.

A total of thirty-four were converted by Leonida in Bucharest by the end of 1943. Sixteen were assigned to the 61st Tacam Company which was assigned to the 1st Armored Regiment and eighteen were organized into the 62nd Tacam Company and assigned to the 2nd Armored Regiment. Despite these nominal assignments the TACAM T-60s were assigned as needed. The ad hoc Cantemir Armored Group was formed on 24 February 1944 to reinforce the defenses of Northern Transnistria from elements of the 1st Armored Division and included fourteen TACAM T-60s in two batteries. This was later returned to its parent 1st Armored Division and the tank destroyers fought with the division during the Soviet Jassy-Kishniev Offensive. Nothing is known about any action immediately after Romania's defection to the Allies in late August 1944 or in the defense of Romania during the following month, but it seems likely that all surviving vehicles were repossessed by the Soviets during October 1944.

The vehicle was not only produced on the chassis of the T-60, but also on the chassis of the T-60A, a T-60 version with thicker frontal armor and disc road wheels. This version was called TACAM T-60A. Not much is known about these vehicles or about their action on the front.

Because the T-60 was the sole captured Allied tank which the Romanian industry could maintain, it served as a platform for further Romanian tank destroyer projects. Two T-60s were each fitted with one captured Soviet 122 mm M1910/30 howitzer and one 7.92 mm ZB-53 machine gun to serve as the first two prototypes of the Mareșal tank destroyer. The two prototypes, M-00 and M-01, were however different. The first used a standard T-60 chassis and a Ford V8 85 hp engine, while the other used an enlarged and reinforced T-60 chassis with a Buick 120 hp engine. Both vehicles - fully enclosed in armor - weighed 6.7 tons.

• German Marder II • Italian Semovente da 75/34 • Japanese Type 1 Ho-Ni I • Soviet SU-76 • Soviet ZiS-30 • Spanish Verdeja 75 mm